Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source and a controller. The light source emits a red light in a range of 600-700nm or a near-infrared (NIR) light in a range of 760-950nm. The controller is configured to generate an electrical pulse signal with a pulse frequency between 3 and 10Hz and to operate the light source according to the pulse frequency. The lighting apparatus is suitable for applications regulating cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), modulating transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and affecting mitochondrial function, thereby potentially contributing to the reduction of amyloid-beta protein accumulation and improvement of cognitive function of a subject.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a first light source with a first color temperature, a second light source with a second color temperature, and a control module. The control module operates the lighting apparatus in two modes. In the first mode, the control module operates the lighting apparatus in a first linear combination of two light sources, resulting in a first operating color temperature for the lighting apparatus. In the second mode, the control module operates the lighting apparatus in a second linear combination of two light sources, resulting in a second operating color temperature. The control module is configured to alternate the operation of the lighting apparatus between the first mode and the second mode at a frequency between 35 to 45 Hz, resulting in a blended color. Additional technical features a are introduced to minimize the light output difference of the first light source and the second light source.

Abstract: A gamma stimulation apparatus comprises a rectifier, a control module, a first modulation operation switch (MOS), a second MOS, and first and second light sources. The control module operates the first light source at a first operating frequency (OF1) via the first MOS, and the second light source at a second frequency (OF2) via the second MOS. The first and second light outputs superimpose each other to form a superimposed light having a superimposed frequency equal to OF2?OF1 and between 20 Hz and 45 Hz. For every fixed period of a recalibration cycle, the control module is configured to operate only one of the two light sources or operate two light sources at a same frequency.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire comprising two sets of LEDs, a phase-amplitude circuit, and an LED driving circuit is used to replace a conventional luminaire with a possible severe temporal light artifact. The phase-amplitude circuit is configured to produce two sets of modulating signals with a predetermined phase retardation between the two. The LED driving circuit is configured to produce two sets of LED driving current in response to the two sets of modulating signals and to drive the two sets of LEDs, resulting in imperceptible visual stimuli at temporal modulation frequencies as a result of possible frequency pre-mix. On the other hand, the imperceptible visual stimuli in another embodiment may cause human brain to perceive modulated lighting stimuli and to demodulate thereof into a benign stimulus in the brain without an apparent flicker, thereby endogenously entraining a gamma oscillation, and drastically reducing eyestrain and visual discomfort.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus comprises a controller and three lights sources each with a different color temperature. The controller turns on the second light source and the third light source alternately at a strobing frequency between 30 Hz and 65 Hz, resulting in a strobing light (out of the second light source and the third light source) with a combined color temperature approximating the color temperature of the first light source. Alternatively, the lighting apparatus includes a controller and two light sources. The first light source and the second light source operate at different frequencies, resulting in a superimposed light with an operating frequency equal to the difference of these two frequencies. Alternatively, the lighting apparatus turns off one of the two light sources periodically for a short period of time to induce the brain of a subject to better recognize the frequency of the superimposed light.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire comprising two types of LEDs, a switching circuit, a signal generating circuit, and an LED driving circuit is used to replace a conventional luminaire with a severe temporal light artifact. The switching circuit and the LED driving circuit are configured to reduce a low-frequency ripple associated with AC mains. The signal generating circuit is configured to produce two sets of modulation signals with a phase difference of 180 degrees between the two sets of modulation signals, which are then embedded in the LED driving current to drive the two types of LEDs, resulting in imperceptible flicker at a temporal modulation frequency as a result of color mixing of the two types of LEDs and persistence of vision, thereby drastically reducing eyestrain, visual discomfort, etc.

Abstract: A digital display device comprises a controller and a two-dimensional digital pixel panel. The pixels of the two-dimensional digital pixel panel are divided into a first group of pixels and a second group of pixels. The controller is configured to operate the first group of pixels at a first refresh frequency (F1) and to operate the second group of pixels at a second refresh frequency (F2), different than F1. The controller may support two display channels, where the first display channel feeds a graphic content to the first group of pixels at the F1 and the second display channel feeds the graphic content to the second group of pixels at the F2. The first group of pixels and the second group of pixels interlace each other.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a first visible light source, a near-infrared (near-IR) radiation source, and a controller. The first visible light source emits a light with a color temperature between 1900K to 6800K, and the near-IR radiation source emitting a wavelength in the 700 nm to 1400 nm wavelength range, and in some cases, with at least 300 nm continuous spectral range of emission between 700 nm to 1400 nm. The radiation energy emitted by the lighting apparatus in the 700 nm to 1400 nm wavelength range is less than the radiation energy emitted by the lighting apparatus in the 380 nm to 700 nm wavelength range. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to strobe the first visible light source with a strobing frequency between 35 Hz and 45 Hz via either an amplitude modulation strobing or a color temperature fusion strobing.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a light source and a controller. The controller turns on the light source with a strobing frequency between 35 Hz and 45 Hz. Moreover, the controller regulates the light output of the light source with a modulation depth percentage less than 50%. The modulation depth may be adjustable so that each user can maximize the modulation depth according to personal visual tolerance, thus achieving the best Alzheimer treatment for the individual. Another lighting apparatus includes a first light source, a second light source, and a controller. The controller turns on the first light source without strobing and the second light source with a strobing frequency between 35 Hz and 45 Hz. The controller regulates the light output of the second light source with a modulation depth less than the light output of the first light source.

Abstract: A therapeutic lighting apparatus includes two white light sources each with a different color temperature and a controller. The controller operates the lighting apparatus in either a color temperature fusion mode or a color temperature flickering mode or both simultaneously such that the color temperature flickering mode can be used for treating a patient with Alzheimer's disease. The lighting apparatus can be enhanced with a green light source for supporting a green light mode for treating migraine headache. Similarly, the lighting apparatus can be enhanced with a red light source for supporting a red light mode for tissue repairing. Alternatively, the lighting apparatus can be enhanced with a near-infrared (IR) radiation source for supporting a near-IR mode for lowering the heartbeat, uplifting the mood, and improving the immunization system of a subject.

Abstract: A lampholder system comprises a lampholder having a center section for holding bi-pins on an endcap of a linear tubular lamp, a securing mechanism and a locking mechanism. The center section has a securing mechanism for securing the bi-pins on the endcap of the linear tubular lamp in the center section. The locking mechanism, when applied to the lampholder, prevents the bi-pins on the endcap of the linear tubular lamp from being removed out of the lampholder, consequently preventing the linear tubular lamp from being removed out of the lampholder.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED) lamp comprising an emergency circuit is used to replace a luminaire operated in a normal circuit with alternate-current (AC) mains. The normal circuit comprises a step-down regulator circuit and a load control relay whereas the emergency circuit comprises a rechargeable battery, a step-up regulator circuit, and a self-diagnostic circuit. The linear LED lamp can be auto-switched from a normal mode to an emergency mode according to availability of the AC mains and whether a rechargeable battery test is initiated. The load control relay is configured to convey a forward electric current and a reverse electric current to and from the LED arrays. The self-diagnostic circuit is configured to provide a test sequence and to auto-evaluate battery performance. The step-up regulator circuit adopts an unconventional low power scheme to prolong an emergency lighting time using a limited power of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A color temperature fusion lighting apparatus includes a first light source with a first color temperature, a second light source with a second color temperature, and a driver circuit. The driver circuit operates the lighting apparatus in two modes. In the first mode, the driver circuit operates the lighting apparatus in a first linear combination of the first light source and the second light source, resulting in a first operating color temperature for the lighting apparatus. In the second mode, the driver circuit operates the lighting apparatus in a second linear combination of the first light source and the second light source, resulting in a second operating color temperature. Moreover, the driver circuit is configured to alternate the operation of the lighting apparatus between the first mode and the second mode at a frequency F between 35 to 45 Hz, resulting in a blended color temperature of the first operating color temperature and the second operating color temperature for the lighting apparatus.

Abstract: A spectral power distribution (SPD) fusion lighting apparatus includes a first visible light source with a first SPD, a second visible light source with a second SPD, a driver circuit, and a controller. The first SPD is different than the second SPD markedly in a 50 nm wavelength range. The controller toggles the turning on of the first visible light and the second visible light at a frequency greater than 25 Hz. The first visible light source is turned on during one half of the duty cycle, whereas the second visible light source is turned on during the other half of the duty cycle. The first visible light source and the second visible light emit similar light outputs and have similar chromaticity coordinates on the CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram. In some embodiments a sound wave generator is used to generate a sound wave at the same frequency.

Abstract: A germicidal lighting apparatus with visible glare includes a first light source, a second light source, a first driver, a second driver, and a controller. The first light source emits a light in a 180˜280 nm wavelength range and the second light source emits a light in a visible wavelength range greater than 400 nm. The second light source is positioned adjacent to the first light source and serves as a visible glare source to deter an occupant from looking at the apparatus directly. The controller can turn on both the first light source and the second light source simultaneously to produce a unified glare rating (UGR) greater than 16. The apparatus dispenses over a prorated 8-hour period an irradiation dosage greater than American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)-specified Eye Threshold Limit Values (TLV) but less than ACGIH-specified Skin TLV to a substance or surface.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes an elongated housing, LED arrays, a rechargeable battery, a controller circuit, two drivers, a charging circuit, and a battery backup user interface. The first driver converts an external power to drive the LED array whereas the second driver draws power from the rechargeable battery to drive the LED arrays during power outage. The charging circuit charges the rechargeable battery during normal operation. The battery backup user interface includes a battery charging indicator indicating the charging status of the rechargeable battery. The battery backup user interface also includes a battery shutoff switch configured to allow a user to enable or disable the rechargeable battery. In some cases, the battery backup user interface further includes a test button configured to allow the user to trigger a test of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire phase-dimming driver comprises a first power supply circuit, a second power supply circuit, and an interface control circuit. The second power supply circuit is configured to convert a constant voltage generated from the first power supply circuit into an output direct-current (DC) voltage to dim an external LED luminaire in response to a phase-dimming signal abstracted from a phase-cut mains voltage no matter whether the external LED luminaire is originally dimmable or not. The second power supply circuit is further configured to receive a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal and to control the output DC voltage in response to the PWM signal. The interface control circuit comprises a relay switch configured to sense the phase-dimming signal and to control switching between an intermediate voltage and the output DC voltage to operate the external LED luminaire without flickering.

Abstract: A self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet includes a substrate material and a photocatalyst layer with a primary photocatalyst and a secondary photocatalyst. The primary photocatalyst is a metal oxide photocatalyst, whereas the secondary photocatalyst is a metallic photocatalyst. The substrate material binds the photocatalyst layer by either connecting a metal ion of the primary photocatalyst and/or the secondary photocatalyst through two oxygen atoms of a carboxyl group (COO), or by forming hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl group and a surface hydroxyl group (OH?) of the primary photocatalyst. The self-disinfecting photocatalyst sheet is activatable by a visible light and can self-disinfect against bacteria and viruses.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED) lamp comprising a normally-operated portion and an emergency-operated portion is used to replace a luminaire operated only in a normal mode with alternate-current (AC) mains. The normally-operated portion comprises a fly-back converter whereas the emergency-operated portion comprises a rechargeable battery, a bidirectional circuit, a boost converter, a self-diagnostic circuit, and a control circuit. The linear LED lamp can auto-switch from the normal mode to an emergency mode according to availability of the AC mains and whether a rechargeable battery test is initiated. The bidirectional circuit is configured to convey a forward electric current and a reverse electric current to and from the rechargeable battery, respectively. The self-diagnostic circuit is configured to provide multiple sequences and to auto-evaluate battery performance according to the multiple sequences.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire comprising a battery-backup portion is used to replace a luminaire operated only with alternate-current (AC) mains. The battery-backup portion comprises a rechargeable battery, a self-diagnostic circuit, and a front-end communication circuit. The self-diagnostic circuit comprises timers and is configured to provide test schedules and to auto-evaluate battery performance according to the test schedules with test results stored. The LED luminaire further comprises a remote user interface and a concentrator communication circuit configured to communicate with the front-end communication circuit configured to send the test results to the concentrator communication circuit as soon as a rechargeable battery test is performed.