Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system comprising a luminaire and an add-on control gear is used to replace the luminaire operated with AC mains. The luminaire comprises LED arrays and a power supply with a luminaire DC voltage. When a line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable, the add-on control gear is automatically started to provide a control DC voltage greater than a forward voltage across the LED arrays. The add-on control gear comprises a rechargeable battery, a DC-to-DC converter configured to provide the control DC voltage when enabled, and a power detection and control circuit. The power detection and control circuit comprises a transistor circuit and a relay switch, in which the former is configured to enable the DC-to-DC converter, and the latter is configured to couple either the control DC voltage or the luminaire DC voltage to the LED arrays to operate thereon.

Abstract: An LED luminaire comprises a rechargeable battery, LED array(s), at least two drivers, a battery charging circuit, and a detection and control circuit. The LED luminaire may be used to replace a fluorescent or a conventional LED lamp connected to AC mains. The at least two drivers comprise a power switching driver and a constant current driver. The power switching driver is configured to power the LED array(s) and the battery charging circuit whereas the constant current driver is configured to convert a battery terminal voltage from the rechargeable battery to a DC voltage to light up the LED array(s) when a line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable. The detection and control circuit is configured to disable the constant current driver when the line voltage from the AC mains is available or to enable the constant current driver when the line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable.

Abstract: An LED luminaire comprises a power converter, a power switching driver, LED array(s) powered by the power switching driver, and a voltage detection circuit. The voltage detection circuit comprises a first voltage detection circuit, a second voltage detection circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, an optocoupler circuit, and a pair of low-voltage input ports receiving an external voltage. The voltage detection circuit is configured to extract a flyback signal from an output voltage and the external voltage and to couple the flyback signal to the power switching driver. The external voltage comprises a voltage sent from a Zigbee luminaire controller, which comprises a Zigbee module and a meter and control unit. The Zigbee luminaire controller is configured to receive commands from the Zigbee module, to control the LED luminaire, and to measure in response to the commands.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED) lamp (LL lamp) comprising a front-end module, an LED driving circuit operable with a ballast and alternate current (AC) mains, an anti-electric-shock module, and a switch control module operates with the AC mains in a single end and double ends and with the ballast in the double ends without any risk of electric shock. Besides, the LL lamp passes an industry required electric shock test when an input AC voltage from a testing ballast is applied in the double ends. Whereas both the front-end module and the switch control module are coupled to a first ground reference, the LED driving circuit is coupled to a second ground reference. When the input AC voltage from the ballast is applied, the switch control module is enabled to couple the second ground reference to the first ground reference, allowing a current returned to operate the LL lamp.

Abstract: An LED luminaire comprises a power switching driver, LED array(s) powered by the power switching driver, and a detection and control circuit. The detection and control circuit comprises a voltage sensing circuit, a current sensing circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, an optocoupler circuit, and a pair of low-voltage input ports receiving an external voltage. The detection and control circuit is configured to extract an electrical signal from an output voltage, an output current driving the LED array(s), and the external voltage and to couple an optical feedback signal to the power switching driver. The external voltage comprises a voltage sent from a motion sensor, an adapted control voltage from a daylight sensor, or both to control the power switching driver to offset lighting amount of the LED luminaire to reduce energy consumption in response to changing daylight availability when a motion is detected.

Abstract: An LED luminaire comprises a power switching driver, an electric current controller, LED array(s) powered by the electric current controller, and a detection and control circuit. The detection and control circuit comprises comparator(s), a voltage regulator circuit, and a pair of low-voltage input/output ports receiving an external voltage. The detection and control circuit is configured to extract a controllable feedback signal voltage from an output voltage coupled from the power switching driver, an output current driving the LED array(s), and the external voltage and to couple to the electric current controller to change the output current driving the LED array(s). The external voltage comprises a voltage sent from a wireless luminaire controller, which comprises a wireless module and a meter and control unit. The wireless luminaire controller is configured to receive commands from the wireless module, to control the LED luminaire, and to measure in response to the commands.

Abstract: An LED luminaire comprises a rechargeable battery, LED array(s), multiple driving circuits, a built-in test switch, and a voltage pull-down circuit. The multiple driving circuits comprise a charging circuit configured to charge the rechargeable battery, a first driving circuit configured to convert a DC voltage from the rechargeable battery to light up the LED array(s) when a line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable, and a second driving circuit configured to operate the LED array(s) when the line voltage from the AC mains is available. The built-in test switch and the voltage pull-down circuit are configured to enable or disable the first and the second driving circuits in proper situations and to meet regulatory test requirements without operational ambiguity and safety issues. Furthermore, the charging circuit and the second driving circuit are electrically isolated, no electric shock hazard possibly occurred.

Abstract: An LED luminaire comprises a rechargeable battery, LED array(s), noncoupled drivers, and a logic control circuit. The LED luminaire may be used to replace a fluorescent or a conventional LED lamp connected to AC mains. The noncoupled drivers comprise a charging circuit configured to charge the rechargeable battery, a first driver configured to convert a DC voltage from the rechargeable battery to light up the LED array(s) when a line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable, and a second driver configured to operate the LED array(s) when the line voltage from the AC mains is available. The logic control circuit is configured to enable or disable the first driver in proper situations and to meet regulatory requirements without operational ambiguity and safety issues. Furthermore, the charging circuit and the second driver are noncoupled, no electric shock hazard possibly occurred.

Abstract: An LED lighting system comprising a luminaire and an emergency backup system is used to replace a fluorescent or an LED lamp normally operated with AC mains. When a line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable, the emergency backup system is automatically started to provide a high DC voltage larger than a minimum operating voltage of the luminaire. The emergency backup system comprises a rechargeable battery, a driver configured to convert a DC voltage from the rechargeable battery into the high DC voltage when enabled, and a voltage sensing and control circuit comprising a logic circuit and a relay switch configured to enable the driver and to couple the high DC voltage to two electrical conductors of the luminaire to operate the luminaire, no risk of damaging the luminaire.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED) lamp comprising a housing, two lamp bases at two ends of the housing, a full-wave rectifier, an LED driving circuit, LED arrays, two displacement sensors, and two pairs of electrical contacts controlled by the two displacement sensors, is used to replace a fluorescent tube or a conventional LED tube lamp. The two displacement sensors and the two pairs of electrical contacts are configured to respectively perform position sensing for electric shock hazards. The two pairs of electrical contacts are operated by using a low direct current (DC) voltage supplied by a power sustaining device. When both two lamp bases are inserted in the two sockets, the two pairs of electrical contacts are driven to make an electric connection from the power sustaining device to a low voltage input of the LED driving circuit and to power the LED driving circuit.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED)-based tube (LLT) lamp comprises a pulse amplitude control module, a power sustaining device, an LED driving circuit, and LED arrays. The pulse amplitude control module is configured to generate one or more voltage pulses in each alternate-current (AC) cycle in response to a half-wave direct-current (DC) voltage when the LLT lamp starts to receive power from an input AC line voltage and when the half-wave DC voltage drops to a few tens of volts in each AC cycle. The power sustaining device receives the one or more voltage pulses and builds up a DC voltage depending on pulse amplitudes. When an electric shock occurs, the DC voltage built up is not high enough to operate the LED driving circuit and thus to disable the LED arrays, without electric shock current leaking into an electrical conductor of the LLT lamp during relamping or maintenance.

Abstract: An LED lamp, comprising a first full-wave rectifier, a ballast operation circuit, an LED driving circuit, LED array(s), and an optocoupler, replaces a fluorescent tube or a conventional LED tube lamp in lamp fixture sockets that are wired to connect to either AC mains or a ballast. The ballast operation circuit, comprising two frequency sensitive devices, a second full-wave rectifier, and two or more diodes connected in series, auto-selects an input AC voltage to operate the LED lamp without ambiguity and safety issues. When the input AC voltage is from the ballast, the optocoupler is enabled to disable the LED driving circuit, whereas the LED array(s) are powered by the second full-wave rectifier. When the input AC voltage is from the AC mains, the optocoupler is disabled to maneuver the LED driving circuit, whereas the LED array(s) are operated by the LED driving circuit, pre-powered by the first full-wave rectifier.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus that includes at least one light source and at least one transparent or translucent lens, and at least one anti-bacterial composite film. The anti-bacterial composite film that includes photocatalytic particles and nano silver particles is formed on at least a part of the outer surface of the lens. With this anti-bacterial composite film, the lighting apparatus retains its germicidal function when the light source is turned off. Moreover, at least 95% of the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the light source comes from the visible light wavelength range (>400 nm). Artificial light sources such as LED can also be used with the anti-bacterial lighting apparatus.

Abstract: An LED luminaire comprises a rechargeable battery, LED array(s), multiple drivers, and a control circuit. The LED luminaire may be used to replace a fluorescent or a conventional LED lamp connected to AC mains. The multiple drivers comprise a first driver configured to charge the rechargeable battery, a second driver configured to convert a DC voltage from the rechargeable battery to light up the LED array(s) when a line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable, and a third driver configured to operate the LED array(s) when the line voltage from the AC mains is available. The control circuit is configured to manage the multiple drivers in a way that the second driver is disabled when the line voltage from the AC mains is available and that the first driver and the third driver are disabled when a rechargeable battery test is performed, without ambiguity and safety issues.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED) lamp comprising a housing, two lamp bases at two ends of the housing, a full-wave rectifier, an LED driving circuit, one or more LED arrays, at least two proximity sensors, and at least two pairs of electrical contacts controlled by the at least two proximity sensors, is used to replace a fluorescent tube or a conventional LED tube lamp. The at least two proximity sensors and the at least two pairs of electrical contacts configured to respectively perform proximity sensing between the two lamp bases and two sockets in an existing lamp fixture are operated by using a low DC voltage. When both two lamp bases are inserted in the two sockets, the at least two pairs of electrical contacts are driven to make an electrical coupling between the full-wave rectifier and the LED driving circuit.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED)-based solid-state lamp comprises a front-end electric shock detection and control module, an LED driving circuit, and LED arrays. The front-end electric shock detection and control module comprises at least one full-wave rectifier, at least one half-wave rectifier, a constant current sink connected to the at least one half-wave rectifier, a signal extraction unit, a switch control unit, and at least one switch. By sending probing pulses to the constant current sink and checking a detection signal in a mixed direct-current voltage from the at least one full-wave rectifier and the at least one half-wave rectifier in response to the probing pulses, the front-end electric shock detection and control module detects and determines if the linear LED-based solid-state lamp is operated in a normal mode or in an electric shock hazard mode.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED)-based solid-state lamp comprises an LED driving circuit, LED arrays, at least one rectifier, and an electric current flow control module. The LED driving circuit comprises a control loop compensation device with a control loop correction signal to precisely control an electric current to flow into the LED arrays. The electric current flow control module uses the control loop correction signal in a way that it detects and determines if the linear LED-based solid-state lamp is operated in a normal mode or in an electric shock hazard mode. When an electric shock hazard is identified, the electric current flow control module shuts off a return current flow from the LED arrays to reach the at least one rectifier, thus eliminating an overall through-lamp electric shock current. The scheme can effectively prevent a through-lamp electric shock from occurring during relamping or maintenance.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED)-based solid-state lamp comprises an LED driving circuit, LED arrays, a rectifier configured to convert an input AC voltage into a DC voltage, and an electric arc detection and current control module. The electric arc detection and current control module comprises a first derivative circuit configured to detect voltage variations from the DC voltage provided by the rectifier. The DC voltage varies drastically when an electric arc occurs while maintaining intact when the input AC voltage is not affected by the electric arc. The first derivative circuit takes a first-derivative of the voltage variations, coupling to a comparator circuit to determine if the electric arc occurs. When the electric arc is detected, the electric arc detection and current control module shuts off a current return from the LED arrays to reach the rectifier, hence preventing the electric arc from occurring during relamping or operating.

Abstract: A linear light-emitting diode (LED)-based solid-state lamp comprising an LED driving circuit, LED arrays, at least one pair of electrical contacts, and a controller, is used to replace a fluorescent tube or a conventional LED tube lamp in an existing lamp fixture. The controller and the at least one pair of electrical contacts are configured to perform galvanic isolation between the controller and the LED driving circuit connecting with LED arrays. Thus an overall through-lamp electric shock current can be limited only from the controller, eliminating a substantial electric shock current flow through the LED driving circuit and subsequently the LED arrays. The scheme can effectively reduce a risk of electric shock and an internal fire hazard to users during relamping or maintenance.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire adopts LED light sources (LEDs) and a corrugated light exit window. Light rays emitting at different angles from the LEDs launch onto the corrugated light exit window with numerous light images of the LEDs. The light images are so heavily overlapped that smooth out hot spots with dark spots, an effect of averaging, creating a uniform illumination output. The LED luminaire is capable of averaging white light emissions from a plurality of LEDs, mixing light emissions from various white LEDs at different correlated color temperatures (CCTs), or mixing light emissions from various white LEDs at a specific CCT with emissions from LEDs having saturated colors, rendering a uniform illumination with a consistent intensity or color hue within viewing angles.