Abstract: A method and system to make a modular microfluidic device in a miniaturized form for cell culture, co-culture, and organ-on-a-microfluidic device as in-vitro model of human organs within compartmentalized 3D structures is described. The modular microfluidic device enables co-culturing of heterogeneous cell assemblies that are adjacent or sequentially connected to promote enhanced cell-cell interaction. In vivo-like flow into and/or from one cell growth chamber to adjacent cell growth chamber is maintained by micro-engineered porous barriers i.e., porous walls and membranes. These porous barriers provide a tool for mimicking the paracrine exchange between cells in the human body. The system comprises of a set of microelectrodes for real-time and long-term monitoring and quantitative measurement of the impact of stimuli on the epithelial tissue permeability.

Abstract: A dual immunosensor was fabricated on graphene/gold nanoparticle modified screen-printed electrodes and used for simultaneous of the six snake and two scorpion species venoms within wide linear ranges. The electrodes were first modified with two chemical linkers (cysteamine/phenylene diisothiocyanate) in order to facilitate the immobilization of the antibodies through covalent binding. The species specific GPH-GNP/cysteamine/PDITC/SPCE immunosensor was tested with six different snake species venoms and two specific venoms from scorpion species. The detection was observed by monitoring the reduction peak current variation after the venom binding using square wave voltammetry, in presence ferro/ferricyanide redox system.

Abstract: Methods and fracturing fluids for fracturing a subterranean formation using in situ proppant particulates. Methods include introducing a fracturing fluid into a subterranean formation at or above a fracture gradient. The fracturing fluid includes a non-phase-transition fluid comprising at least an aqueous fluid and a surfactant; and a phase-transition fluid comprising a phase-change material selected from the group consisting of styrene monomers, methyl methacrylate monomers, or a combination of styrene monomers and methyl methacrylate monomers, an initiator, and an optional accelerator.

Abstract: The method of making polyacrylamide (PAM) aerogel are described. Different ratios of PAM in the construction of aerogels were tested. The material was tested for water retention after drying. freeze-dried aerogel samples especially PAM 15 wt %, have a higher swelling ratio with a faster water absorption rate compared to gel and oven-dried samples.

Abstract: A novel nanocomposite made of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide porous nanosheets is synthesized. The novelty of the nanocomposite lies in three main factors: the porosity of the reduced graphene oxide sheet, the magnetization of the superparamagnetic nanoparticles and the biocompatibility and near infrared absorbance of the gold nanoparticles all in one nanocomposite that does not disassemble when administered in the body. All of which are joined to create a whole and singular nanocomposite that can emit heat due to magnetic energy, become as biocompatible as possible and conceivably allow for near infrared absorbance penetration while the nanocomposite is fully assembled.

Abstract: Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticle and various concentrations of chitosan (CS)-doped SrO nanocomposite were synthesized via co-precipitation method. A variety of characterization techniques including were done for characterizing and qualifying the nanocomposite. X ray powder diffraction affirmed cubic and tetragonal structure of SrO nanoparticle and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite with a decrease in crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed existing functional groups on CS/SrO surfaces while d-spacing was estimated using high resolution Transmission electron microscopes images. UV-Visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra showed an increase in band gap energies with an increase in doping concentration. Elemental composition of CS-doped SrO nanocomposite deposited with different doping concentrations was studied using Energy dispersive Spectroscopy.

Abstract: Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticle and various concentrations of chitosan (CS)-doped SrO nanocomposite were synthesized via co-precipitation method. A variety of characterization techniques including were done for characterizing and qualifying the nanocomposite. X-ray powder diffraction affirmed cubic and tetragonal structure of SrO nanoparticle and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite with a decrease in crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed existing functional groups on CS/SrO surfaces while d-spacing was estimated using high resolution Transmission electron microscopes images. UV-Visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra showed an increase in band gap energies with an increase in doping concentration. Elemental composition of CS-doped SrO nanocomposite deposited with different doping concentrations was studied using Energy dispersive Spectroscopy.

Abstract: Coated proppants include a proppant particle, a surface copolymer layer surrounding the proppant particle, and a resin layer surrounding the surface copolymer layer. The surface copolymer layer includes a copolymer of at least two monomers chosen from styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethylene, propylene, butylene, imides, urethanes, sulfones, carbonates, and acrylamides, where the copolymer is crosslinked by divinyl benzene. The resin layer includes a cured resin.

Abstract: A coated proppant having a proppant particle, an intermediate cross-linked terpolymer layer encapsulating the proppant particle, and an outer resin layer encapsulating the intermediate cross-linked terpolymer layer. The proppant particle is selected from sand, ceramic, glass, and combinations thereof. The intermediate cross-linked terpolymer layer includes styrene, methyl methacrylate, and divinyl benzene. The outer resin layer includes a cured epoxy resin formed from an epoxy resin and a curing agent.

Abstract: A method of forming a barrier to overcome lost circulation in a subterranean formation. The method includes injecting a polymer-sand nanocomposite into one or more lost circulation zones in the subterranean formation where the polymer-sand nanocomposite is formed from sand mixed with a polymer hydrogel. Further, the polymer hydrogel includes a hydrogel polymer, an organic cross-linker, and a salt. The sand additionally comprises a surface modification. The associated method of preparing a polymer-sand nanocomposite lost circulation material for utilisation in forming the barrier is provided.

Abstract: Coated proppants include a proppant particle, a surface copolymer layer surrounding the proppant particle, and a resin layer surrounding the surface copolymer layer. The surface copolymer layer includes a copolymer of at least two monomers chosen from styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethylene, propylene, butylene, imides, urethanes, sulfones, carbonates, and acrylamides, where the copolymer is crosslinked by divinyl benzene. The resin layer includes a cured resin.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a crosslinked hydraulic fracturing fluid include combining a hydraulic fracturing fluid comprising a polyacrylamide polymer with a plurality of coated proppants. The plurality of coated proppants include a proppant particle and a resin proppant coating on the proppant particle. The resin proppant coating includes resin and a zirconium oxide crosslinker. The resin includes at least one of phenol, furan, epoxy, urethane, phenol-formaldehyde, polyester, vinyl ester, and urea aldehyde. Methods further include allowing the zirconium oxide crosslinker within the resin proppant coating to crosslink the polyacrylamide polymer within the hydraulic fracturing fluid at a pH of at least 10, thereby forming the crosslinked hydraulic fracturing fluid.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polymer-sand nanocomposite for water shutoff. The method includes applying a surface polymerization to sand particles. The surfaced polymerization formed by combining a polymerization initiator dissolved in a solvent with the sand particles to form a precursor sand mixture, combining a co-monomer and additional polymerization initiator in the presence of graphene, where the graphene is not functionalized, to form a precursor polymer mixture, and combining the precursor sand mixture and the precursor polymer mixture to form a sand-copolymer-graphene nanocomposite. The method further includes drying the sand-copolymer-graphene nanocomposite, preparing a polymer hydrogel, and combining the polymer hydrogel and the sand-copolymer-graphene nanocomposite to crosslink the components and form the polymer-sand nanocomposite.

Abstract: Coated proppants include a proppant particle, a surface copolymer layer surrounding the proppant particle, and a resin layer surrounding the surface copolymer layer. The surface copolymer layer includes a copolymer of at least two monomers chosen from styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethylene, propylene, butylene, imides, urethanes, sulfones, carbonates, and acrylamides, where the copolymer is crosslinked by divinyl benzene. The resin layer includes a cured resin.

Abstract: CS-doped SrO nanocomposite were successfully synthesized through co-precipitation route for bactericidal activities. Effect of CS doping on morphological features, optical properties, elemental composition and phase constitution on CS-doped SrO nanocomposite was analyzed. XRD analysis confirmed tetragonal and cubic structures of SrO nanoparticles and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to obtain 4.19 eV of SrO nanoparticles while emission spectra of doped SrO showed blueshift upon CS doping with multi-concentration. Interlayer d-spacing attained from HRTEM micrographs well matched with XRD d-spacing. Purity content of prepared nanostructures was measured with EDS analysis. Overall, 0.06:1 showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram +ve and -ve bacterial isolates. Thus, CS-doped SrO nanocomposite can be used in modem medicine as an alternative antibacterial to overcome the development of resistance to antibiotics.

Abstract: Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticle and various concentrations of chitosan (CS)-doped SrO nanocomposite were synthesized via co-precipitation method. A variety of characterization techniques including were done for characterizing and qualifying the nanocomposite. X ray powder diffraction affirmed cubic and tetragonal structure of SrO nanoparticle and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite with a decrease in crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed existing functional groups on CS/SrO surfaces while d-spacing was estimated using high resolution Transmission electron rnicroscopes images. UV-Visible and PL Photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra showed an increase in band gap energies with an increase in doping concentration. Elemental composition of CS-doped SrO nanocomposite deposited with different doping concentrations was studied using Energy dispersive Spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method of forming a barrier to overcome lost circulation in a subterranean formation. The method includes injecting a polymer-sand nanocomposite into one or more lost circulation zones in the subterranean formation where the polymer-sand nanocomposite is formed from sand mixed with a polymer hydrogel. Further, the polymer hydrogel includes a hydrogel polymer, an organic cross-linker, and a salt. The sand additionally comprises a surface modification. The associated method of preparing a polymer-sand nanocomposite lost circulation material for utilisation in forming the barrier is provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a barrier to overcome lost circulation in a subterranean formation. The method includes injecting a polymer-sand nanocomposite into one or more lost circulation zones in the subterranean formation where the polymer-sand nanocomposite is formed from sand mixed with a polymer hydrogel. Further, the polymer hydrogel includes a hydrogel polymer, an organic cross-linker, and a salt. The sand additionally comprises a surface modification. The associated method of preparing a polymer-sand nanocomposite lost circulation material for utilization in forming the barrier is provided.

Abstract: Coated proppants include a proppant particle, a surface copolymer layer surrounding the proppant particle, and a resin layer surrounding the surface copolymer layer. The surface copolymer layer includes a copolymer of at least two monomers chosen from styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethylene, propylene, butylene, imides, urethanes, sulfones, carbonates, and acrylamides, where the copolymer is crosslinked by divinyl benzene. The resin layer includes a cured resin.

Abstract: A method for producing a coated proppant having an intermediate cross-linked terpolymer layer includes mixing a monomers solution including a first monomer, a second monomer that is different from the first monomer, a cross-linking agent, and an initiator. The proppant particle is combined with the monomers solution, and the monomer solution on the surface of the at least one proppant particle is polymerized to form at least one proppant particle having the intermediate cross-linked terpolymer layer on a surface of the at least one proppant particle. A resin solution including an epoxy resin, a curing agent, and graphene is mixed, and combined with the at least one proppant particle having the intermediate cross-linked terpolymer layer on a surface of the at least one proppant particle. The resin solution is cured to form the coated proppant comprising an intermediate cross-linked terpolymer layer.