Abstract: An ingot mold of the bottle-top type and method for its use wherein the primary pipe or shrinkage cavity at the top of the ingot is decreased in length and a solid bridge is formed between the primary and secondary pipe cavities, sealing off the secondary cavity. The cast ingot is cropped in the area of the solid bridge between the primary and secondary pipe cavities, leaving the secondary cavity sealed such that it can be welded without oxidation during hot rolling to increase the ingot yield.

Abstract: A ferritic-martensitic duplex stainless steel having properties between those of ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. The steel consists essentially of, by weight, from 4.5 to 20.5% chromium, from 1.5 to 10.5% manganese, from 0.005 to 0.1% carbon, from 0.1 to 1.0% of an element from the group consisting of titanium and columbium, balance essentially iron. The steel is additionally characterized by chromium and manganese contents within Area ABCD of the Figure, and by a chromium equivalency of from 5.0 to 11.

Abstract: A furnace work supporting roll and a spare work roll are mounted on a frame in diametrically opposed positions with the spare roll normally out of the furnace. The frame is mounted on an axis parallel to the roll axis and equal distance therefrom. A water cooled shield is mounted on the frame between the rolls to protect the spare roll from the heat of the furnace and has an outer surface with a diameter equal to that between the outside of the rolls. To inspect and/or remove the work roll from the furnace, the frame is rotated so that the position of the rolls are reversed. A water cooled heat shield is provided at the ends of the diameter perpendicular to the diameter through the roll axes at a distance equal to that between the outside of the rolls. A roll supporting table beneath the position of the spare roll is movable toward and away from the frame.

Abstract: A method for producing a soft magnetic material consisting essentially of up to 0.05% carbon, up to 1.0% manganese, up to 0.05% sulfur, up to 0.5% silicon, from 0.5 to 1.5% phosphorus, balance iron and residuals. The method comprises the steps of: blending iron powder and phosphorus-bearing powder into a mixture containing from 0.5 to 1.5% phosphorus; pressing the blended mixture; and sintering the mixture in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to produce a density of at least 7 grams per cubic centimeter. The sintering temperature is at least 2200.degree. F. The soft magnetic material is characterized by a magnetizing force to reach 10 kilogauss of no more than 2.0 oersteds, and a coercive force from 10 kilogauss of no more than 0.9 oersted.

Abstract: A ferritic-martensitic duplex stainless steel having properties between those of ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. The steel consists essentially of, by weight, from 11.0 to 20.5% chromium, from 1.0 to 6.5% manganese, from 0.005 to 0.1% carbon, balance essentially iron. The steel is additionally characterized by chromium and manganese contents within Area ABCD of the Figure, and by a chromium equivalency of from 5.0 to 11.

Abstract: A method of internally nitriding and thereby strengthening cobalt-base superalloys having at least 33% cobalt, up to 0.15% carbon, no more than 25% nickel and from 1 to 3% of nitride forming elements from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum and zirconium. The method comprises the steps of: heating the cobalt-base alloy at a temperature of from 1600.degree. to 2500.degree. F in a nitrogen-bearing atmosphere substantially free of moisture and oxygen, and diffusing nitrogen from said atmosphere into and throughout said alloy for a period of time sufficient to form nitrides having an interparticle spacing of less than 10 microns.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel alloy which has extremely good pitting resistance and at the same time has good hot-workability characteristics. The alloy contains, as essential constituents, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, calcium and cerium. In achieving the desirable characteristics of the invention, the molybdenum and chromium levels are important in determining pitting resistance; while recoveries of cerium and calcium in the final alloy are important in determining the hot-workability of the alloy, although cerium is the more important of the two. Sulfur levels are preferably maintained low, on the order of 0.006% or less.Also disclosed is a method for making an alloy of the type described above wherein the finishing temperature of hot-rolled strip is maintained around or above 1800.degree. F to reduce edge cracking and preferably is maintained at about 2000.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for producing grain-oriented silicon steel, and the steel produced thereby. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel; casting the steel; hot rolling the steel; cold rolling the steel; decarburizing the steel; final texture annealing the steel; coating the steel with an aqueous solution comprised of from 4 to 30% of phosphate ion, up to 6% magnesium ion, 5 to 34% colloidal silica and 0.15 to 6% hexavalent chromium; and curing the coated steel at a temperature of at least 1200.degree. F.

Abstract: A sintered stainless steel having an overall density of at least 95% of full density and a morphology comprised of regions of sintered austenitic stainless steel and regions of solidified liquid phase. Moreover, a sintered steel which is made by: pressing and sintering pre-alloyed powder consisting essentially of, by weight, up to 0.05% carbon, 22 to 26% chromium, 10 to 24% nickel, 2.7 to 5% molybdenum, 0.1 to 1% boron, up to 2.0% manganese, up to 2.0% silicon, balance iron and residuals.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation and a permeability of at least 1870 (G/O.sub.e) at 10 oersteds. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel containing from 0.02 to 0.06% carbon, from 0.0006 to 0.0080% boron, up to 0.0100% nitrogen, no more than 0.008% aluminum and from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon; casting said steel; hot rolling said steel; cold rolling said steel; normalizing said steel at a temperature of from 1300.degree. to 2000.degree. F in a hydrogen-bearing atmosphere having a dew point of from +20.degree. to +110.degree. F; applying a refractory oxide base coating to said steel; and final texture annealing said steel. The variables of time, temperature and dew point are monitored during normalizing so as to result in a steel having at least 320 parts per million of oxygen, based on the total weight of the steel, within 10 microns of the surfaces of said steel.

Abstract: Atomized, prealloyed stainless steel powder having an apparent density of at least 2.0 g./cu.cm. The steel consists essentially of, by weight, up to 0.3% carbon, up to 2.0% manganese, up to 0.05% phosphorus, up to 0.04% sulfur, up to 2.0% silicon, 17.5 to 18.0% chromium, 10.0 to 14.0% nickel, 2.5 to 3.0% molybdenum, balance iron and residuals.

Abstract: A process for descaling a metallic body, wherein the body is immersed in a bath of a molten oxidizing salt, and subsequently in an electrolyte of an aqueous solution of at least one neutral salt from the group consisting of the chloride, sulfate and nitrate of an alkali metal or ammonium.

Abstract: Apparatus for making butt-welded tube from a strip includes a pair of grooved weld rolls for aligning the longitudinal edges of the strip bent into a tubular shape. To insure that the inside seam of the tube is flush regardless of variations in thickness between strip edges, each roll is made in two sections. In a horizontal mill the seam is on top and each bottom roll section is fixed in horizontal position while the top roll section has limited axial movement. Resilient means bias the roll sections apart and against a top stop so that the top of one edge of the strip is higher than the other when the edges are of different thicknesses. If desired, the rolls may also be adjusted to insure that the outside seam of the tube is flush.

Abstract: A sintered stainless steel having an overall density of at least 95% of full density and a morphology comprised of regions of sintered austenitic stainless steel and regions of solidified liquid phase. Moreover, a sintered steel which is made by: pressing and sintering pre-alloyed powder consisting essentially of, by weight, up to 0.05% carbon, 22 to 26% chromium, 10 to 24% nickel, 2.7 to 5% molybdenum, 0.1 to 1% boron, up to 2.0% manganese, up to 2.0% silicon, balance iron and residuals.

Abstract: A process for descaling a metallic body, wherein the body is immersed in a first electrolyte, and subsequently, in a second electrolyte. The first electrolyte is an aqueous solution having, by weight, at least 60% potassium hydroxide, at least 5% water and no more than 30% potassium nitrate, and a total amount of potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate of at least 80%. The second electrolyte is an aqueous solution of at least one neutral salt from the group consisting of the chloride, sulfate and nitrate of an alkali metal or ammonium.

Abstract: A phosphosilicate coating is removed from a metallic substrate by contacting the coating with an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal fluoride. The solution is maintained in contact with the coating for a time sufficient to remove the coating without harming the substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation and a permeability of at least 1850 (G/O.sub.e) at 10 oersteds. The process includes the steps of: preparing an aluminum-bearing melt of silicon steel; casting the steel; hot rolling the steel; cold rolling the steel; decarburizing the steel; coating the steel with a base coating containing an amide and/or imide of an organic and/or inorganic acid; and final texture annealing the steel.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel alloy which has extremely good pitting resistance and at the same time has good hot-workability characteristics. The alloy contains, as essential constituents, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, calcium and cerium. In achieving the desirable characteristics of the invention, the molybdenum and chromium levels are important in determining pitting resistance; while recoveries of cerium and calcium in the final alloy are important in determining the hot-workability of the alloy, although cerium is the more important of the two. Sulfur levels are preferably maintained low, on the order of 0.006% or less.Also disclosed is a method for making an alloy of the type described above wherein the finishing temperature of hot-rolled strip is maintained around or above 1800.degree. F to reduce edge cracking and preferably is maintained at about 2000.degree. F.

Abstract: An austenitic alloy containing, in weight percent, from 36 to 54% nickel, up to 12% cobalt, up to 15% chromium, up to 10% molybdenum, from 1 to 3.75% titanium, up to 2% aluminum, up to 0.1% carbon, up to 2% manganese, up to 1% silicon, up to 0.05% boron, balance essentially iron; wherein the percentage of iron is at least 24%; wherein the percentage of nickel plus the percentage of cobalt and the percentage of chromium plus the percentage of molybdenum corresponds to the area ACEFA in FIG. 3; and wherein the percentage of nickel is the effective nickel in accordance with the equation:% effective Ni = % actual Ni - 2.4 [(%Ti - 2.8) - 4(%C)]a composite article comprised of a ferritic steel member fastened to a second member with a fastener formed from the austenitic alloy of this invention.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel containing from 0.02 to 0.06% carbon, from 0.0006 to 0.0080% boron, up to 0.0100% nitrogen and from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon; casting said steel; hot rolling said steel; cold rolling said steel; decarburizing said steel to a carbon level below 0.02% in a hydrogen-bearing atmosphere havng a dew point of from +20.degree. F to +60.degree. F; and final texture annealing said steel.