Abstract: In a cylindrical elongated furnace for treating materials at high temperature in a gaseous atmosphere under high pressure, there is a vertical cylindrical pressure chamber forming a furnace space surrounded by a cylindrical heater, with an insulating sheath around the furnace space and the heater formed of a number of metal tubes with insulation between them. At least one of the metal tubes is suspended from a supporting member at the upper part of the insulating sheath and is provided at its lower part with a number of slots extending upwardly from the bottom edge.

Abstract: A press for hydrostatic extrusion of tubes includes a die with an opening and a mandrel which together with the opening forms a gap in which a tubular billet is shaped into a tube. The mandrel is formed of a carrier with a bore therein and a tip which is attached in the bore and projects into the die opening. A plate is positioned between the inner end of the tip and the bottom of the bore and is made of a material with at least substantially the same E-modulus as the material of the carrier. The innermost end of the mandrel has an enlargement thereon forming a shoulder and the material of the character is compressed against the tip beneath the shoulder so as to prevent axial movement of the tip.

Abstract: A press stand which is formed of two yokes, two pillars and a pre-stressed sheath of strap or wire wound around the yokes and pillars for holding them together and taking up forces acting on the inner surface of the yokes in which the yokes comprise a bow-shaped outer portion and a substantially semi-cylindrical fill-up portion held in place by side plates fixed to the stand.

Abstract: A high voltage direct current transmission includes a rectifier station and an inverter station each connected to an AC network and connected together by a DC line. In order to limit over-voltages on the line and in the rectifier station on starting the station towards an open line, this station is provided with an arrangement which senses the voltage and the current of the station and is connected by level indicators for maximum voltage and minimum current to a signal emitter which reduces the direct voltage of the station in response to a direct voltage above a certain level and a direct current below a certain level.

Abstract: A metal melt casting apparatus comprises a vessel for containing the melt and having a wall portion having a downwardly pointing melt tapping hole, the vessel tilting so that this wall portion can be raised and lowered. A fountain has a top for receiving the melt when registered with said tapping hole and a bottom for connection with the bottom of a mold. A gas-tight elastically deflectible sealing means interconnects the tapping hole and the fountain top when the mentioned wall portion is lowered thereon by tilting of the vessel. The sealing means is made in the form of two parts which elastically flexibly engage when the converter wall with the tapping hole is lowered on the top of the fountain, one part being connected to the wall and the other part being connected to the fountain. The sealing means is provided with a gas passage so that the tapping metal stream may be subject to evacuation for degassing or surrounded by an inert gas.

Abstract: A collecting apparatus for gases, particularly when given-off by the oil of an oil-filled transformer in operation, provides for collecting known volumes of the gases and of an oxidizing gas and thereafter mixing these volumes together and causing any hydrocarbon or other burnable gas to burn via the oxidizing gas, to determine the existence and amount of the burnable gas. This permits an evaluation of the transformer oil. The apparatus may be used in other fields.

Abstract: Apparatus for melting, holding and tapping metals or metal alloys, in which solid material is melted down in a channel-type induction furnace, the melt then being transferred to a second channel-type induction furnace to be kept hot, possibly over-heated and stored, characterized in that the melting furnace is connected to the second furnace by way of a feeding channel and is located at a higher level than the second furnace and that the second furnace is in the form of a pressure furnace for pressure tapping through a spout. As a further characterizing feature, the tapping spout is provided with a tun dish in which sub-atmospheric pressures can be obtained to control the tapping through the spout.

Abstract: A DC arc furnace has a hearth formed with an extension in which a melt-contact electrode is positioned, and has an arcing electrode laterally spaced from this contact electrode. This results in the formation of an arc that is oblique in a direction facing away from the contact electrode. To prevent the arc from being excessively destructive with respect to the furnace vessel's side wall toward which the arc was directed, furnace charging material, in particulate form, is continuously fed to a melt in the furnace, as a flow directed into the arc foot spot formed by the oblique arc, resulting in a maximum efficiency of energy absorption of the normally cold charging material and at the same time, via the charged material, shading the lining of the furnace vessel from an attack by the arc.

Abstract: In manufacturing products by enclosing a body of powder in a capsule and compacting it into a solid body by subjecting it to high temperature and high all-sided pressure, a capsule is used which has a connection sleeve in one wall with a through opening for connection of a capsule to the vacuum pump. An arrangement is provided for exerting an external outward pressure on this sleeve, so as to lift the wall away from the surface of the powder within the container, so that a large surface area is provided to permit easier release of gases when the capsule is subjected to vacuum. Thereafter, a plug is inserted in the opening of the connection sleeve, so as to seal the opening.

Abstract: An arrangement for determining the phase position between two signals includes a circuit containing a gate with two inputs for the signals and an output for a first output signal which is dependent on the phase position between the input signals. A flip-flop has an input for one of the input signals and a second input for the first output signal. The second input of the flip-flop contains a time-delay circuit for the first output signal. Two similar circuits can be used.

Abstract: For determining oblique visibility, for example on an airport, a light emitter emits a light beam and is coupled with a light receiver. A plurality of devices are located at different, known distances from the light receiver, which launch measuring bodies substantially vertically with a predetermined height for each of the units. The measuring bodies are arranged to reflect the light emitted from the light emitter back to the light receiver where the visibility is sufficient. The devices are operated sequentially.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace has an anodic contact or hearth electrode and a cathodic arcing electrode, and the furnace is rotative about its vertical axis while the arcing electrode remains stationary in its lateral direction. With a melt in the furnace, the DC arc can be directed in different angular directions with respect to the inside of the furnace.

Abstract: A press for hydrostatic extrusion has a composite die formed of a pre-forming part with a conical opening and an end-forming and calibrated part, the two parts being separated along a substantially radial plane. The calibrating part is fixed in a radially pre-stressed condition in a support which surrounds it, and a seal between the pressure chamber and the die or the die support is arranged substantially in radial alignment with the dividing plane. The die support is formed with a guide which centers the pre-forming portion in relation to the end-forming portion.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace has its side wall lining protected against arc-flare by an external magnet forming a magnetic flux field on the inside of the lining where arc-flare protection is required, and a supply of ferro-magnetic particles are fed downwardly through this flux field for the purpose of forming a layer of the particles held against the lining. The particles are continuously fed to replace particles which, because of heating, become non-magnetic and fall. In this case, the magnet is an electromagnet having an iron core and solenoid windings which produce a more uniformly and widely spread layer of the particles on the side-wall lining's inside.

Abstract: A cylindrical elongated furnace for treating material at high temperature in a gaseous atmosphere under high pressure includes a vertical cylindrical pressure chamber for confining gas under pressure and a furnace space surrounded by a cylindrical heater formed of electrical resistor elements and insulation surrounding the furnace space and the heater. The insulation is formed by a cylindrical insulating sheath. The heater is built up of ceramic elements which form a cylinder with annular channels for the electrical resistor elements and supporting insulation surrounding and holding the ceramic elements together, such insulation having a low gas permeability and being formed of several layers of a tight felt impregnated with a hardening component. The leads for the heating elements are flat vertical elements arranged on the outside of the ceramic elements and formed with one or more bights projecting into the annular channels to reduce the free hanging length of the leads.

Abstract: A magnetic separator is formed of a number of substantially parallel filter discs which are attached on a rotatable shaft extending radially therefrom with gaps between the discs. The discs are arranged to produce local magnetic field inhomogeneities in the gap between the discs. Stationary scraper means in the form of channel-like bodies of plastic material are arranged between each pair of discs with their free edges engaging the opposed faces of the discs. An endless belt is arranged to run in the channel for carrying out the material scraped from the discs to the outside.

Abstract: Weighing equipment for weighing stationary objects, such as containers, load platforms and the like, includes a base and a plurality of supports containing pressure sensitive load cells and each formed of an upper supporting part which is attached to the object and a lower support part which rests on the base. The two support parts of each support are formed of two portions of a spherical bearing having upper and lower bearing surfaces. One of the supports is a rigid support which permits no relative horizontal movement, another of the supports permits movement in one direction only and the other two supports permit movement in both directions.

Abstract: In measuring mechanical stresses in an object of hardened and tempered steel with a magnetic transducer of the type which comprises a magnetizing circuit for generating a magnetic field in the object and a measuring circuit for sensing the changes in the magnetic field which occur in the object when it is subjected to mechanical forces, in order to reduce the creep of the measuring signal which occurs in the case of continuous feeding, the magnetizing circuit is energize with energy in the form of AC pulses of a pulse length between 20 and 120 milliseconds.

Abstract: A supporting bearing for a rotary vertical shaft includes a supporting bearing member attached to the shaft and arranged coaxially therewith. The supporting bearing member has an inner cylindrical surface arranged with a radial clearance with respect to the shaft and a downwardly-facing annular slide face bearing against a stationary bearing body. The cylindrical surface surrounds an annular space which contains a liquid lubricant and is limited radially inward by a stationary screen surrounding the shaft. The screen is formed of an inner hollow cylinder and an outer hollow cylinder arranged coaxially with respect to the inner hollow cylinder and with a radial clearance therebetween. The outer hollow cylinder is provided with holes facing the cylindrical surface which surrounds the annular space.

Abstract: A static convertor arrangement includes at least two static convertors, the direct current sides of which are series connected and connected to a direct current line, while the alternating current sides are connected to an alternating current network. Each convertor is provided with a control system controlled from a regulator and each convertor is parallel-connected on the direct current side to a short-circuit member. For reconnection of a short-circuited convertor, a starting regulator is provided which is fed by a desired value emitter representing the current present in the arrangement and an actual value emitter which represents the current in the convertor in question. The control system of at least one of the convertors has a contact for switching between the first regulator and the starting regulator. The short-circuit member for one of the convertors is provided with an operating device for opening the member, which is controlled by the current in the short-circuit member.