Abstract: For hydraulically clamping transformer windings, hydraulic pressure generating boxes are arranged between the bottom wall of the transformer tank and a plate which supports the transformer yoke. The transformer coils which surround the legs are supported from the plate by clamping boxes which are connected by conduits to the pressure generating boxes to transmit hydraulic pressure therebetween.

Abstract: A vehicle has a wheeled chassis and a body movably mounted thereon, the body being able to carry goods and/or passengers. An accelerometer detects forces acting on the vehicle as the vehicle passes through a curve and is arranged to activate a vehicle body tilting and lateral displacing system. A first power mechanism tilts the body relative to the chassis toward the center of the curve. A second power mechanism laterally shifts the body relative to the chasis by applying lateral forces that are independent of the tilting forces. The lateral movement can be either toward or away from the center of the curve.

Abstract: For filtering off of low frequency and a periodic transient phenomena in relay protection devices for electric high voltage networks, the signals of which occur in the event of a fault in the network and which are superimposed on the signals supplied to measuring relays arranged in the relay protection device, a normally short-circuited filter is included in a normally open alternative path for the measuring signal which is parallel to a part of the normal signal path. A supervisory circuit includes a time circuit, a fast fault indicator and an undervoltage detector. A signal from the fault indicator breaks the short-circuit of the filter and, upon a signal from the undervoltage detector, connects the filter in the path of the measuring signal. The measuring relay is blocked during a time interval which is equal to the difference between the pulse time of the time circuit and the time of operation of the undervoltage detector.

Abstract: A controlled static convertor has terminals for connection to an alternating current source and includes controlled rectifiers and a control pulse device for delivering control signals to the rectifiers. The control pulse device includes arrangements for affecting the control angle (.alpha.) of the rectifiers and for limiting the control angle to an upper limit value. Devices are provided to render the control angle limiting arrangement inactive when the direct current of the convertor is discontinuous. The direct current of the convertor is sensed and, if this current at a time corresponding to the upper limit value of the control angle is less than a predetermined limit value, renders the control angle limiting arrangement inactive.

Abstract: A magnetoelastic shear force measuring means for measuring shear stresses in tubular axles, preferably in aircraft landing gear axles, comprises two shear stress transducers. Each transducer has one iron core with winding to generate a magnetic field in the measuring object and a second iron core with winding to sense the field alterations generated in the measuring object by shear stresses. The two transducers are combined to form a measuring unit which is inserted in the tubular axle. The windings on the cores of the transducers are connected in such a way that the shear signals are added and signals from any torsion occurring are subtracted from each other.

Abstract: For supplying a load, such as motor for rail vehicles, with direct voltage pulses with a variable frequency from a direct voltage source, a pulse generating member is connected between the source and the load and delivers direct voltage pulses with a variable frequency to the load. The pulsing member can be switched for the pulsing in groups or symmetrical pulsing. When pulsing in gropus, it delivers pulses in groups of two pulses with a constant time interval T.sub.1 between the two pulses of each group. A control arrangement is provided for switching the pulse generating member to symmetrical pulsing when, in the case of pulsing in groups, the group frequency exceeds a value of substantially (K/2T.sub.1), where 0.5 is < K < 1. Immediately after switching to symmetric pulsing, the working frequency is brought to (K/T.sub.1).

Abstract: A bushing for leading an electrical connector through a wall or the like has an intermediate flange for attachment in the wall and two metallic end flanges on either side of the intermediate flange. Two hollow insulating bodies are clamped between the intermediate flange and the end flanges, and a bushing conductor runs the length of the bushing. The bushing conductor is movable in relation to the remainder of the bushing or at least in relation to one of the end flanges. A drawing member is connected between the end flanges and is composed of first and second elongated metallic bodies each of which is attached to the corresponding end flanges overlapping each other for a certain distance. A pressure transmitting member, which is formed of a material with a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the first and second metallic bodies, forms a power transmitting connection between the free ends of the metallic bodies.

Abstract: A metal-refining converter comprises an elongated vessel for containing a melt to be refined and which tilts so that it can be positioned upright or horizontal. This vessel has an upper end having a charging opening provided with a removable gas-tight cover and a lower end provided with a channel-type inductor, and the vessel has a closable tap hole in its side which is downward when the vessel is horizontal. The vessel is charged with the melt to be refined, via its charging opening. With the vessel upright, the vessel is provided with means for injecting refining material into the melt while it is heated by the inductor. After the refining period, the vessel is tilted to its horizontal position, the vessel having an internal contour such that a space is formed over the melt, the gas-tight cover being applied at that time. Non-oxidizing gas is injected into the vessel and with the inductor continuing to heat the melt, the latter is tapped via the tap hole.

Abstract: Improved apparatus for detecting and locating defects in metal bodies of the type in which the body under test is difficult to keep centered in which a multi-phase transducer coil induces currents in the body which are detected by a secondary transducer coil providing fault and position information. In the preferred embodiment two different frequencies are induced with one frequency used to compensate the other for variations with respect to a central location within the confines of the secondary coil.

Abstract: A metallurgical furnace has a wall contacted by molten metal and having a nozzle opening below the level of the metal, a nozzle positioned in this opening forms a passage for injecting a blast into the metal, and this nozzle has means for liquid-cooling the outer end of its blast passage to freeze the molten metal when flowing backwardly through the nozzle's passage in the event of a blast failure. In such an event, the frozen or solidified metal forms a stopper for the nozzle's passage.

Abstract: A convertor connection for connection to a DC circuit includes current sensing members for forming a quantity corresponding to the direct current of the convertor connection. An indicating arrangement is provided for indicating asymmetrical operating conditions, which includes a first band pass filter connecting to the current sensing members which let through frequencies in a frequency band located between zero and the fundamental frequency of the AC component during undisturbed operation. When the output signal of the first filter exceeds a predetermined value, through a second filter an asymmetry indicating signal is emitted. The release of an output signal is prevented by a delay arrangement if the duration of the asymmetrical operating condition is less than a predetermined time.

Abstract: In the operation of a bipolar direct-current transmission system having bipolar convertor stations with earthed center taps and transmission lines connecting the stations, one for each polarity, in which system in the event of disconnection of one pole of the stations the corresponding pole of the transmission line is connected as a return conductor for the remaining pole, in order to load the return connector with current and discharge the ground connections between the stations, the current of the corresponding pole in one of the stations is increased to the same value as the pole in operation, and thereafter the ground connection of such corresponding pole is interrupted.

Abstract: Discontinuities in metallic objects are detected by a conductor generating a magnetic field in the objects and probe means sensitive to the magnetic field and disturbances therein caused by the discontinuities.

Abstract: A thyristor rectifier for a static converter is formed of a plurality of thyristors, each provided with a control device and a control circuit for the entire rectifier connected to these control devices. Detectors are provided and arrangements are provided response to the voltage over a thyristor to emit an indicating pulse to the detectors when the voltage over the thyristors amounts to a certain value. A selector is provided for sensing these pulses and for recording the indicating pulses emitted through the detectors to a counter. Control units are also provided which control and synchronize the control and counter in relation to each other.

Abstract: A direct current transmission system includes two separate parallel transmission circuits each including convertors. The transmission circuits are bipolar. One pole of one of the circuits is provided with pole reversing switches for the convertors of that pole. The poles of each of the circuits are connected in parallel by transmission lines. Switches are provided by which one of the transmission lines of one circuit can be disconnected from that circuit and connected across a faulty transmission line of the other circuit, which meanwhile is disconnected therefrom, so as to substitute for the disconnected transmission line of the second circuit.

Abstract: In a convertor station for connecting a high voltage DC line and an AC network, the station is composed of a plurality of static convertors parallel connected on the DC and AC sides and a regulator for setting a predetermined transmission magnitude between the DC and AC sides of the station. Each static convertor has a separate regulating circuit connected to the regulator for the station. Limiting circuits are provided in parallel with each other and each connected to one of the regulating circuits, the limiting circuits being connected to the output side of the regulator. The output sides of the limiting circuits are each connected to one of the regulating circuits, and are all of them connected to a common summation device which feeds back the summation signal from the limiting circuits to the input side of the regulator.

Abstract: An unfinished steel melt is tapped from its primary melter into an upright ladle having one or more nozzles in its side above the level of the melt. The ladle is then tilted in the direction of the nozzle or nozzles so that it covers them, oxidizing gases, slag formers, alloying elements, etc., then being injected into the melt below its surface as a refining and finishing operation. The ladle has an inductive stirrer that tilts with the ladle and may be used when the ladle is upright or tilted. By tilting the ladle the top surface of the melt is increased in area with a consequent increase in the area of contact between the melt and the slag which, together with the fact that the refining and finishing materials are injected directly into the melt, while the melt may be inductively stirred at the same time, provides for rapid and thorough refining and, if desired, alloying. After refining and finishing, the melt is cast in the molds.

Abstract: A magnetic separator for removing contaminations from a liquid to which a ferromagnetic particulate material has been added is formed of a plurality of discs arranged along a shaft parallel to each other with spaces therebetween, the bottom parts of which dip into a container for the liquid. The discs contain permanent magnets of substantial coercive field strength over at least the greater part of their areas. The ferromagnetic material and contaminants carried thereby are scraped off the surface of the discs by belts which surround the shaft and which extend outside the discs to discharge the material scraped off of the discs.

Abstract: Electrical products formed of silicon steel are provided with a heat resistant electrical insulating coating by suspending particles of an oxide and/or of an hydroxide of earth alkali metal in an aqueous suspension, and adding to the suspension a substance capable of liberating hydroxyl ions which is volatile at a temperature below that at which silicate is formed. Examples of such a substance are ammonia and organic amines. There may also be added to the suspension silicon dioxide particles which are capable of oxidizing silicon to silicon dioxide at temperatures below 1300.degree.C.

Abstract: A grinding element having a grinding section comprising diamond particles individually embedded in a resin binding medium with improved performance characteristics is provided, along with a method of making same. The improved characteristics are obtained by utilizing a metal coating on the diamond particles in the grinding section, which metal coating has a thickness of between 0.5 and 25 microns, preferably 5 to 20 microns, to impart to the section superior grinding properties to those which can be obtained with a like section wherein the diamond particles are not so coated.