Abstract: A method to realize synchronization of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX). The method includes the following steps: in the receiver (RX) generating trigger signals (T) from the signal (SIG); sending the trigger signals (T) from the receiver (RX) to the transmitter (TX); and upon receipt of the trigger signals (T) by the transmitter (TX) sending the data (DAT) from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX).

Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1?) which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1). The measured phase difference (P) is communicated to the receiver (RX) and used therein to generate a copy (CLK2).

Abstract: ATM path switched ring switching is based on a ring segment BIP. An ATM VP ring segment is defined as originating at an ATM VP ring input and terminating at an ATM VP ring output. A ring segment BIP is composed of the path BIP error counts of multiple SONET/SDH paths from the ring segment input to the ring segment output.

Abstract: For synchronization purposes, a transmitter (TX) multiplexes a pilot carrier with carriers whereon data elements (DATA) are modulated, and transmits the pilot carrier together with the modulated carriers to a receiver (RX). The immunity of the pilot carrier for interferers, such as radio amateur signals, is improved by modulating the pilot carrier with a non-constant signal, for instance a random signal, an alternating signal or even scrambled data elements (DATA), before transmission thereof. Since demodulation of the pilot carrier in the receiver (RX) and averaging successive demodulated pilot carriers reduces the effect of the interference induced on the non-constantly modulated pilot carrier, the degradation of the synchronization between transmitter (TX and receiver (RX) is reduced significantly.

Abstract: A receiver (EMP1, . . . , EMPn) is disclosed for receiving optical signals from an optical transmission network (NET) serving to transmit coded, multiplexed optical signals. The receiver (EMP1, . . . , EMPn) includes a means (DEK1) for detecting the optical signals to be received, e.g., a Fabry-Perot filter, and processing means (O/E1, 0/E2, 5) to compensate noise present in the detected optical signals by combining the detected optical signals with compensation signals. The means (DEK1) is adapted to transmit optical signals to be received and reflect optical signals not to be received. A further means (K1), e.g., an optical coupler, is provided for deriving the compensation signals from at least part of the reflected optical signals and then applying the compensation signals to the processing means (O/E1, O/E2, 5).

Abstract: The method is used in a telecommunication network wherein a central station (CS) is coupled to a plurality of residences (R1,R2,R3). One of the residences (R3) includes a termination unit (TU) which is coupled to the central station (CS) via a first port (P1). The residence (R3) also includes subscriber terminals, e.g. a personal computer (PC), a telephone set (TEL), a television set (TV) and a set-top box (STB) which are coupled to the termination unit (TU) via a second port (P2). The method includes amplifying an upstream signal (US) applied to the second port (P2) with an upstream gain value (UG) by means of an upstream signal amplifier (U-AMP3) which is included in the termination unit (TU). Thereby, an amplified upstream signal (AUS) is generated and provided to the first port (P1).

Abstract: A method to realise synchronisation in a receiver (RX), of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX).

Abstract: Natural or synthetic silica is deposited on a preform set into rotation in front of a plasma torch which moves back and forth substantially parallel to a longitudinal direction of the preform, a first feed duct feeds the plasma with grains of natural or synthetic silica while a second feed duct feeds the plasma with a fluorine or chlorine compound, preferably a fluorine compound, mixed with a carrier gas. Any sodium or lithium contained in the grains of natural or synthetic silica react with the fluorine or chlorine of the fluorine or chlorine compound, thereby making it possible to improve the optical quality of fibers drawn from a preform built up with natural or synthetic silica, and to do so at reduced cost.

Abstract: A positive active material for nickel electrodes of alkaline storage batteries consists of particles of hydroxide containing mainly nickel and covered with a layer of a hydroxide phase based on nickel and yttrium. The proportion of the hydroxide phase is in the range 0.15% to 3% by weight of yttrium expressed as yttrium hydroxide relative to the total weight of particles.

Abstract: A composite material tubular insulative jacket contains a dielectric gas under pressure and electrical switchgear and includes a metallic collar fixed to one end at least and provided with a member for fixing the collar to a support member. A seal is disposed between the support member and the jacket. A metallic insert is attached to this end of the jacket by an interference fit and by gluing, the seal being disposed between the insert and the support member.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a stable multifilament multiconductor with reduced losses includes making a billet by the single stacking technique. Conductive matrix rods and/or resistive matrix rods are disposed in the superconductor filament of the billet to form matrix channels between bundles of superconductor filaments. The rods preferably have a polygonal section, preferably square or rectangular, more preferably hexagonal.

Abstract: In a vacuum switching device having first and second contacts, the first contact only is composed wholly or partly of a combination of at least a high-conductivity material and an arc-resistant material, e.g. chromuim, tungsten or tungsten carbide, and/or an anti-weld material, e.g. bismuth, antimony, tellurium or lead, while the second contact lacks the arc-resistant and anti-weld material. Metal vapor produced by the first contact during arcing is deposited on the opposing surface of the second contact to form a thin layer of high-conductivity and arc-resistant and/or anti-weld material which then dominates the properties of the arc and allows a low chopping current and/or an enhanced anti-weld performance of the contacts to be achieved without the expense of having both contacts of the same composition at manufacture.

Abstract: A multipoint switch, especially for high voltage, having identically configured interrupter units (2, 3, 4), the pivoting contacts (10) of which are connected to a common drive (44) by a linkage mechanism (50, 60, 71) associated with the interrupter unit (2, 3, 4) and by a drive linkage (47), whereby the linkage mechanisms (50, 60, 71) of all interrupter units (2, 3, 4) are identically configured and are moved back and forth between the on- and off-position by the drive. Each linkage mechanism (50, 60, 71) includes a rocker arm (21, 65) attached to a pivoting shaft (20, 64) and a connecting rod (22, 63) articulated to it and to the pivoting contact. A rocker link (27, 66) is arranged on the pivoting shaft (20, 64), which under combined action is connected to the drive linkage (47) with at least another linkage mechanism (32, 33, 36, 62, 70). Two operatively combined links of the linkage mechanism (50, 60, 71) take a position at least close to a stable position in the on- and off-position.

Abstract: A load-carrying structure for a vehicle body, the structure extending radially to the longitudinal axis of the body and being suitable for being associated with structural elements parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, the load-carrying structure constituting a flat frame member and including at least one flat strip, wherein the structural elements are suitable for being inserted in said frame member by a mechanism of notches for receiving them. The device also relates to a segment of body structure and to a vehicle body including such structures.

Abstract: A multiple-power supply traction system capable of operating under a single-phase AC power supply and under a DC power supply, wherein a common set of capacitors is used when operating under either kind of power supply. The present invention also relates to a method of implementing such a multiple-power supply traction system.

Abstract: A swivel coupling for coupling together two vehicles, in particular two rail vehicles. The swivel coupling rests on a shared bogie between the two vehicles and has a rotation function and a shock-absorbing function. Each of these functions is performed by distinct elements of the swivel coupling structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an AC input cell for data acquisition circuits, comprising at least one circuit for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for the positive half-cycle at the input voltage, and a device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for the negative half-cycle of the input voltage. Each detection circuit comprises a Zener diode, an optocoupler including an emission LED, a diode and a resistor arranged in series. Each detection circuit is arranged on a branch, and the two branches are in parallel with the devices arranged in opposite directions so that the two circuits conduct on alternate half cycles of the input AC signal.

Abstract: A method for data transfer for various applications between a on board unit (OBU), which comprises a processor, memory means and at least one interface to an external entitiy. A sequence of commands is exchanged over the interface and processed by the OBU in order to perform the respective task according to the application of the OBU and/or the external entity. The system for data transfer comprises a macro interpreter in the OBU to receive and interpret the macros from one of its interfaces.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system includes a first heat exchanger followed by a second heat exchanger disposed in a dense fluidized bed, the second heat exchanger being made up of a plurality of nests of tubes disposed along the path of the particles in suspension in the dense fluidized bed. The second heat exchanger is provided with at least two feeds situated on either side of its center, each of the feeds receives a distinct mixture of the input fluid and of the output fluid of the first heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the fluid fed into each of the nests is an increasing function of the distance between it and the inlet via which the particles are fed into the dense fluidized bed.

Abstract: In the method, pairs of pressure and temperature values are recorded using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor fixed to a case from the outside and communicating with a dielectric gas, thereby enabling a density value to be calculated for the dielectric gas corresponding to each recorded pair of values. Simultaneously with making the pressure and temperature records, an electric current flowing through an electrical apparatus located inside the case and a climate parameter relating to the medium in which the case is located are also recorded for the purpose of giving each density value an index, thereby enabling a leakage rate to be determined with improved accuracy on the basis of indexed leakage rates, each of which is obtained from density values all having the same index.