Abstract: A tilting apparatus for tilting a body (4) of a vehicle, the apparatus being disposed in a bogie underframe, and secondary suspensions (3) being disposed under the body (4) of the vehicle, the tilting apparatus being characterized in that it includes first and second tilt-control actuators (1, 2) disposed rigidly and vertically in the bogie, the secondary suspensions (3) lying under the body (4) of the vehicle and on the tilt-control actuators (1, 2), a re-centering actuator (5) secured via one of its ends to the bogie underframe (6) and via its other end to the body (4) of the vehicle, and an anti-roll bar (7) disposed under the body (4), the tilting apparatus being provided neither with an inclination cross-member, nor with cross-member suspension connection rods.

Abstract: An optical signal transmitter (10) is constituted by a coherent light generator (12) for generating a carrier wavelength and a modulator apparatus (16, 32) coupled with the output of the light generator. The modulator apparatus has a series arrangement of an optical intensity modulator (16) and an optical phase modulator (32) coupled between the input and an output of the modulator means. The intensity modulator (16) has an input (26) for a non return to zero (NRZ) digital signal of a predetermined data rate as defined by a clock generator. The phase modulator (32) has an input coupled with the clock generator which provides pulses to the phase modulator at the data rate, or at an even multiple of the data rate, but phase shifted relative to the data signal such that one end of each digital period is red shifted and the other end is blue shifted to facilitate detection.

Abstract: An energy absorber device for use in vehicles, in particular railroad vehicles, is of generally parallelepipedal shape and can be inserted between a driver's cab and a coach-body. The larger opposite faces of the parallelepiped are disposed in a plane formed by the rear face of the driver's cab and in a plane formed by the front face of the coach-body, respectively.

Abstract: The bogie comprises an axle (14) rotatably mounted on a fixed underframe, and measurement apparatus for measuring a physical magnitude related to rotation of the axle (14). The measurement apparatus (34) comprises a metal disk (36) secured to the axle (14) and provided with at least one mark-forming perforation (40), and a fixed detection assembly (50) for detecting the mark, which assembly comprises at least one inductive proximity detector (52). Preferably, the disk (26) is fixed to a collector ring (26) of a current return assembly (24) for transferring the current coming from a motor of the bogie to the axle (14).

Abstract: An electro-optic voltage sensor comprises a voltage divider connected to an electric line and to ground and having two insulative compartments separated by an intermediate electrode connected to a Pockels cell. The intermediate electrode supplies to the Pockels cell a reduced voltage derived from the voltage supplied by the electric line to the voltage divider. Each insulative compartment comprises a homogeneous dielectric block with a thickness dependent on the division ratio of the voltage divider. The electro-optic voltage sensor has a very high safety level vis a vis the risk of strong short-circuits combined with mechanical and thermal stability guaranteeing great accuracy of operation and great reliability without special maintenance requirements.

Abstract: A density sensor for monitoring a rate of leakage from the case of electrical switchgear filled with dielectric gas under pressure, the sensor comprising a fixing support mounted from the outside in the thickness of the case and communicating with the dielectric gas. A radiator is placed around the fixing support of the density sensor, thereby enabling a measurement artifact that is due to the exposure of the case and of the sensor to solar radiation to be transformed in such a manner that any risk of untimely crossing of a low density threshold is eliminated.

Abstract: The switchgear comprises a circuit breaker connected between a generator and a transformer, together with a disconnector connected between the circuit breaker and the transformer, the disconnector having a fixed pole common to three positions: a first position and a second position respectively for connecting together or isolating the transformer and the circuit breaker when the circuit breaker is respectively closed or open; and a third position for grounding the fixed pole when the circuit breaker is open. The fixed pole of the disconnector is electrically connected to the transformer, thereby making it possible to interconnect or to isolate or to ground the tranformer while using only one disconnector included in the switchgear.

Abstract: The switchgear comprises a circuit breaker having an open position for isolating a generator from the network, and a closed position for connecting the generator to the network, together with a disconnector having a fixed pole connected to the generator and a contact connected to the fixed pole and movable relative thereto to occupy, when the circuit breaker is open, a first position connecting the generator to a starter circuit and a second position connecting the generator to ground. The moving contact of the disconnector also possesses a third position in which it forms an equipotential appendix for the fixed pole when the circuit breaker is closed. The moving contact does not carry the steady electric current of the generator, thus making it possible advantageously to reduce its dimensions so that they are capable merely of withstanding transient electrical conditions when in the first and third positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semi-active damper controlled by a control circuit including a direct control loop made up of an inverse model of the damper. The inverse model of the damper determines an ideal value for an electrical current i.sub.th for controlling a compression controlled-restriction valve and an expansion controlled-restriction valve on the basis of a measured value for a relative speed y between the two ends of the damper and on the basis of a force reference value Fc. The semi-active damper of the invention is applicable as a transverse secondary suspension for a passenger rail vehicle.

Abstract: The invention concerns attachment apparatus for a stator of a rotary electric machine, said machine comprising a rotor, a stator coaxial with the rotor, an airgap between the stator and the rotor, and a casing provided with attachment points for attaching the stator;according to the invention, the attachment apparatus comprises attachment elements mounted between the attachment points and the stator;each attachment element having an anisotropic stiffness comprising a tangential component Kt for taking up in part the static forces of the machine, and a radial component Kr for relieving in part the dynamic forces of the stator relative to the casing;the resultant of the tangential components Kt taking up the static forces of the rotary electric machine with an axial displacement or a radial displacement of the stator that is less than or equal to a predetermined value that is less than the airgap; andthe resultant of the radial components Kr relieves the dynamic forces of the stator with a predetermined coeffic

Abstract: A polyphase thyristor-switched-capacitor static var compensator (SVC) arrangement employs a transformer circuit connected to the capacitors of the SVC and configured such that when the capacitors are switched out of circuit in sequence, a residual charge on the capacitors is reduced by the transfer of energy between the capacitor and an energy-dissipation circuit by way of the transformer circuit. The primaries of the transformer circuit are connected across respective capacitors, while the secondaries are connected in series in a delta configuration. Damping resistors may be connected in series with the primaries to help dissipate the capacitor energy. The transformer circuit may be saturable and may be constituted by individual transformers or one polyphase transformer.

Abstract: The gas-insulated line comprises a conductor (1A) disposed inside a case (3A) filled with a dielectric gas under pressure. A power capacitor (5) is electrically connected to the conductor while being disposed inside a compartment (3P) secured to the case (3A) and filled with a dielectric gas under pressure. The dielectric gas present in the compartment (3P) provides electrical insulation for the compartment relative to the power capacitor (5). In this way, electrical insulation of the gas-insulated line between the conductor (1A) and the case (3A) is maintained inside the compartment (3P) in which the power capacitor (5) and the conductor (1A) are electrically interconnected. This results in the gas-insulated line of the invention retaining small bulk and the ability to be used on the ground or buried.

Abstract: A switching control arrangement for a multilevel convertor minimizes the harmonic content of the converter voltage or current by an open-loop and/or a closed-loop control of the timing of the switching of the GTOs associated with the energy-storage components (e.g. capacitors) in the convertor. In a first open-loop arrangement the convertor current is quantized over its working range and different threshold values are provided in dependence on the quantization values of the current. In a second open-loop arrangement a continuous, non-quantized control is provided based on at least a quadratic approximation to the desired current-dependent behavior of the GTO switching angles. In a third, closed-loop arrangement, different GTO-switching threshold levels are provided as controlled by a Fourier integration process involving the nulling of those harmonics desired to be nulled.

Abstract: A train set includes a plurality of cars each having a flat designed to receive storage units equipped electrically-powered equipment. The train set includes: a connector for connecting the set to an electricity source which delivers electrical power at a high voltage greater than the rated operating voltage of the equipment; transfer apparatus for transferring electrical power at a high voltage to each car; a voltage step-down circuit connected to the transfer apparatus and from which electrical power is delivered at a low voltage in the vicinity of the rated operating voltage of the equipment; and a distributor for distributing the low-voltage electrical power to each item of electrically-powered equipment. It is also possible to provide a stand-alone generator providing, in particular, redundancy for the electrical power supply for the distributor. The train set is particularly applicable to transporting liquid or solid perishable goods, as well as chemicals, under controlled temperature.

Abstract: A method of renovating a cabinet for electronic card drawers, the method inculding the following steps creating an unpluggable electronic drawer having connectors on its back face; mounting an adapter intermediate mechanical support in the cabinet to be renovated, which support supports a set of floating backplane connectors for the unpluggable electronic drawer; creating a free zone Z between the back support for the backplane connectors of the cabinet, and the intermediate support; and fitting adapter wiring between the back support and the intermediate supports.

Abstract: A direct current to direct current power converter device includes a transformer having a primary winding and at least one secondary winding. A first inverter is connected to the terminals of the primary winding of the transformer. At least one second inverter is connected to the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer or of each secondary winding of the transformer. The first inverter or the at least one second inverter assures the inverter function when a voltage to be converted is applied to its terminals and the rectifier function when the voltage to be converted is applied to the at least one second inverter or to the first inverter.

Abstract: The method consists in causing the flue gases to pass through a filter placed inside the recovery boiler so that the fly ash contained in said flue gases can be hot filtered out. An additional flow (B) of a material is superposed on the flow of fly ash to be filtered, which material has characteristics such that it increases the melting point of the fly ash by forming high melting point eutectics so as to facilitate unclogging by preventing viscous bridges from forming between the particles of fly ash. Application to hot scrubbing of flue gases generated by burning household refuse.

Abstract: A spring drive mechanism for switchgear, in particular for a circuit breaker. The mechanism has an engagement shaft that is rotatable about its axis, a large toothed-wheel mounted on said shaft, a small toothed-wheel meshing with said large toothed-wheel to put an engagement spring under stress, and a mechanism which prevents the large toothed-wheel and the small toothed-wheel jamming each other mutually after the shaft has been released. The mechanism which prevents jamming includes the shape of the teeth of said small toothed-wheel and the shape of the teeth of the large toothed-wheel. In the teeth of the large toothed-wheel there is a first gap followed, in the direction of rotation, by a first retractable tooth that is retractable along the axis of the tooth against bias from a spring. This tooth is followed by a second gap extending over a length that is not less than two gear pitch steps and is slightly less than an integer number of steps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic driver system comprising:means for recording a plurality of precalculated reference situations giving the time required to reach a target point as a function of the position of a vehicle on a track and of speed limits that apply to various lengths of the track; andat least one fuzzy inference system SIF.The present invention also relates to a method of generating a speed reference in an automatic driver system, the method constituting in the present situation of a vehicle is evaluated relative to a plurality of precalculated reference situations giving the time required to reach a target point as a function of the position of a vehicle on a track in such a manner as to generate the travel time of the vehicle.

Abstract: An end fitting having a bore that forms a sleeve for the shank of an electrical insulator of composite structure. The bore has a substantially frustoconical wall that flares away from the bore opening towards the end wall of the bore and has an annular swelling directed towards the inside of the bore. This complex shape for the wall of the bore contributes to reinforcing the strength of the fixing between the end fitting and the shank by interference due to heat shrinking.