Abstract: A pouch for use in packaging food or similar granular materials is disclosed which includes at least two different and segregated pouch compartments combined in a single unit. The two pouches may be each formed of different sheet materials so that a differential level of protection may be provided for the different materials in each of the two pouches. The two pouches are simultaneously formed in a folding and sealing machine with the top edges of the two pouches being sealed together to form a single dual compartment package.

Abstract: A delamination resistant multi-layer film comprises a core layer of vinyl alcohol polymers or copolymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene vinyl alcohol. Adhered to the core layer are one or more layers of a polyolefin blended with a chemically modified polyolefin having functional groups added to the basic polymer such that strong adhesion to the core layer is obtained. The core layer provides an excellent oxygen barrier, while the adjacent layers protect the core layer from degradation by exposure to water vapor. Additional layers of various polymer materials may be provided over the layers of modified polyolefin. The film can be prepared by coextrusion techniques.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming a sealed pouch from a paperboard blank having a heat activatable sealing material on a surface thereof. Blanks are received in an initial position above opposed curved forming surfaces and underneath a reciprocating mandrel, with the blank being folded about the mandrel as the mandrel drives the blank in a longitudinal direction between the forming surfaces. Application of heated air activates the heat sealable material, and folding plates fold the longitudinal edges of the blank inwardly to a position where clamping bars can clamp the longitudinal edges together to complete the heat seal. The folding plates and clamping bars withdraw after the heat seal is completed, and the formed pouch is ejected from the mandrel which thereafter reciprocates to its initial position to allow another blank to be inserted above the forming surfaces.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions using sulfonium salt photoinitiators to effect polymerization of cationically polymerizable monomers as essentially the sole polymerizable material additionally include an organic sulfur compound scavenger to reduce or eliminate the sulfur odor generated upon photodecomposition of the sulfonium salt photoinitiator. The scavengers are simultaneously activated by the electromagnetic radiation to react with the organic sulfur compound concurrently generated and are selected from the group consisting of aromatic ketones, benzoin compounds, aryloin oxime compounds, organic peroxide compounds, and benzil compounds.

Abstract: A polymerizable coating composition comprises 35-80 parts of an epoxy prepolymer material and 20-65 parts of a vinyl chloride dispersion polymer together with 0.5-10 percent by weight, based upon the weight of the epoxy prepolymer material, of an onium salt photoinitiator which decomposes upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation to initiate polymerization of the epoxy prepolymer material. The vinyl chloride polymer has a high molecular weight represented by an inherent viscosity of 0.60-1.60 and a particle size of 0.5-20.0 microns. The coating is applied to the surface of a substrate and then exposed to a source of electromagnetic radiation to decompose the photoinitiator and initiate polymerization of the epoxy prepolymer material to a tack-free surface condition in which the vinyl chloride polymer is dispersed within the epoxy polymer. This is desirably effected by maintaining the coating at a temperature of about 50.degree.-90.degree. C. for a limited time following exposure to radiation.

Abstract: Lignin compounds are demethylated without degradation of the lignin polymer backbone to provide a highly reactive lignin and methyl chloride as products. The reaction is applicable to Kraft lignin or lignosulfonates derived from spent sulfite liquor. Demethylation is accomplished by reacting the lignin material at an elevated temperature with an amine hydrohalide salt.

Abstract: Molecularly oriented films, and compositions used therein, comprise blends of a first EVA copolymer having a relatively low VA content, and a second EVA copolymer having a relatively high VA content. The blend exhibits a balance of properties which permit ready processability for orientation, while affording high levels of strength, particularly at elevated temperatures. Consequently laminates may be produced which are well suited for shrink packaging of meat, especially when a high oxygen barrier resin provides one layer thereof.

Abstract: Panels of plastic film are delivered to a perforated vacuum drum which has a knife edged die mounted on its surface. Each panel is laid over the die and rotates with the drum into rolling contact with an anvil roll which firmly presses the film panel against the knife edge to cut the panel. After cutting, the film panel continues to rotate with the drum to a position wherein it registers with a blank having a cut-out opening therein which is covered by the film panel. The areas of the blank surrounding the cut-out opening are covered with an adhesive material which causes the film panel to remain adhered to the blank. The vacuum drum continues to rotate and, after bonding of the panel to the blank, the drum releases the vacuum draw on the panel. The cuts formed in the plastic film panels can be straight lines, lines of perforations, or cut-outs bounding areas which are removed from the panel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating system for use in connection with a ferrous plate to be drawn into containers for packing sulphur bearing foods. More particularly, the coating system is capable of being drawn and includes aluminum and zinc oxide for purposes of uniform interior appearance and sacrificial protection respectively.

Abstract: A highly effective photoinitiator for cationic polymerization of monomer formulations is prepared by reacting diphenyl sulfide with chlorine gas in a Friedel-Crafts reaction in an organic solvent to form bis-[4-(diphenylsulfonio)phenyl] sulfide dichloride. This product is recovered and then reacted in an aqueous solution with a compound having the formula T.MF.sub.6 wherein M is one of phosphorus, antimony or arsenic and T is hydrogen or a metal whose halide salt is water soluble. The two compounds react in the aqueous medium to produce a precipitate which includes at least about 50 percent by weight bis-[4-(diphenylsulfonio) phenyl] sulfide bis-MF.sub.6, and this precipitate may be recovered and dried for utilization without further purification if so desired. Purification may be effected by dissolving the dried product in an organic solvent, cooling the solvent to precipitate the impurities, and thereafter recovering relatively pure bis-[4-(diphenylsulfonio) phenyl] sulfide bis-MF.sub.

Abstract: A labelled package for low temperature use is disclosed. The label, with an ionomer adhesive, is adhered to an outer ionomer surface of the package wrapping by heat seal means and exhibits excellent adhesion at low temperatures.

Abstract: A technique for controlling severe chemical reactions which occur when salt containing furnace slags from secondary aluminum melting operations are brought in contact with water is provided. The technique which retards the formation and evolution of hydrogen gas resulting from the reaction of aluminum metal fines with water in the presence of chloride and the formation and evoluation of ammonia gas from the reaction of aluminum nitride with water is accomplished by controlling the pH of the water-solid slurry to be around 8. Consequently, the formation and gaseous evolution of hydrogen is controlled and the evolution of ammonia is eliminated with a concomitant elimination of explosion and fire hazards associated with the uncontrolled chemical reactions.

Abstract: A highly effective photoinitiator for cationic polymerization of monomer formulations is prepared by reacting bis-[4-(diphenylsulfonio)phenyl] sulfide bis-halide wherein halide is chloride or bromide in an aqueous solution with a compound having the formula T MF.sub.6 wherein M is one of phosphorus, antimony or arsenic and T is hydrogen or a metal whose halide salt is water soluble. The two compounds react in the aqueous medium to produce a precipitate which includes at least about 50 percent by weight bis-[4-(diphenylsulfonio)phenyl] sulfide bis-MF.sub.6, and this precipitate may be recovered and dried for utilization without further purification if so desired. Purification may be effected by dissolving the dried product in an organic solvent, cooling the solvent to precipitate the impurities, and thereafter recovering relatively pure bis-[d-(diphenylsulfonio)phenyl] sulfide bis-MF.sub.6 by chilling the solvent solution to form a precipitate, and then separating and drying the precipitate.

Abstract: A method for the high speed coating of various substrates utilizes an epoxy composition containing a radiation-sensitive catalyst precursor which will decompose upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation to provide a Lewis acid effective to induce cationic polymerization of the epoxy composition. The formulation does not require any special epoxy monomeric materials or accelerators and is stable until so exposed. Subsequent to applying the formulation to the substrate, the coating is exposed to electromagnetic radiation and a controlled temperature of 50.degree.-90.degree. C. is maintained in the coating for a limited period of time to effect polymerization of the formulation to a tack free surface condition within a period of less than 30 seconds. Maintenance at the elevated temperature following initiation of irradiation may be for a period of as little as 0.5 second.

Abstract: A delamination resistant multi-layer film comprises a core layer of vinyl alcohol polymers or copolymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene vinyl alcohol. Adhered to the core layer are one or more layers of a partially hydrolyzed vinyl acetate polymer or copolymer having functional groups in the polymer such that strong adhesion to the core layer is obtained. The core layer provides an excellent oxygen barrier, while the adjacent layers protect the core layer from degradation by exposure to water vapor. Additional layers of various polymer materials may be provided over the layers of partially hydrolyzed vinyl acetate. The film can be prepared by coextrusion techniques.

Abstract: A cup dispensing package comprises an axially collapsible cylindrical sleeve for storing a stack of nested, disposable cups. The sleeve comprises at least a pair of bands at its opposite end portions, axially extending, uniformly circumferentially spaced slits between the bands that define axially extending strips provided with circumferential cut scores, and a detent on one of the bands frictionally engaging the rim of a partially extending cup to retain the latter prior to its forcible removal. The strips fold radially outwardly then downwardly about their cut scores and transverse sections thereof in response to axially applied compressive force on the sleeve, by the user, as the cups are removed, thereby presenting a fully extended frictionally retained cup for dispensing until such time the cup supply is exhausted.

Abstract: Melt extrudable polypropylene-polystyrene compositions are provided which are particularly suitable for use in extrusion coating. Substrates coated with such compositions as well as methods of producing such coated substrates are also provided.

Abstract: An improved package for dispensing a flowable product is provided. The package has enhanced moisture resistance and is readily opened with one hand. The improvement resides in the use of an imperforate, uniaxially oriented polymeric film as a protective barrier layer over the scored outer layer of a package which comprises a scored rigid sheet member secured to a flexible sheet member forming a pocket for containment of a flowable product. The oriented film is attached over the scored rigid member to protect the contents of the package. The film ruptures when the score ruptures upon bending the scored rigid member toward the pocket to open the package.