Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for producing an electrolytically coated, hot-rolled steel strip without any intervening strips. The apparatus includes a chemical pickling section being combined in one line with an electrolytic coating section containing electrolytic cells so that the pickled steel strip is fed directly to the electrolytic coating section without any intermediate steps. The spent electrolyte solution from the electrocoating section to the pickling section to pickle the steel. The spent pickling acid can also be used to generate the electrolyte solution that is fed to the electrocoating section.

Abstract: A device for feeding a pulp suspension to a tissue machine includes a headbox having top and bottom lips defining a slice gap forming a free flow jet of the pulp suspension. The device also includes at least one eccentric shaft for setting the slice gap between a minimum and a maximum height. Each eccentric shaft is supported at several points over the machine width and is driven directly by a gear motor.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for supplying a soluble metal compound to an electrolyte solution uses a powder wetting device in a loop from a working tank. The powder wetting machine supplies the powdered metal compound directly into the electrolyte solution which rapidly dissolves to replenish the electrolyte compound during the treating process. The process and apparatus are particularly suitable for replenishing the metal salts consumed during an electroplating process.

Abstract: A process for regenerating spent acid liquor feeds an acid liquor into a reactor having a first heating zone for evaporating a substantial portion of the liquid from the spent acid to produce acid vapors and metal salts without decomposing the acid. The metal salts are transferred to a second heating zone where the salts are roasted to form metal oxides. The acid vapors from the primary roasting furnace are then transferred to an absorption column to regenerate the acid. The first heating zone is operated at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the acid and the metal salts. The second heating zone operates at a higher temperature to completely oxidize the metal salts.

Abstract: A pickling tank for the continuous treatment of a steel strip includes a pickling trough and a recovery tank separated from one another by a linkage that allows for limited movement between the trough and recovery tank. The recovery tank includes a pair of press rollers to remove pickling solution from the steel strip. The linkage includes a chute extending from the trough to the recovery tank to contain the pickling solution while allowing for differences between thermal expansion between the pickling trough and recovery tank. In one embodiment, the chute is coupled to the pickling trough and has a free end inserted into the recovery tank. In a second embodiment, the chute includes two telescoping members extending between the trough and recovery tank.

Abstract: A device for dewatering solid/liquid suspensions, especially pulp suspensions, where the suspension is dewatered between two belts, with one dewatering zone being a wedge zone. A pair of rolls downstream of the wedge zone impart both area pressure and line pressure on the pulp web formed by the pulp suspension.

Abstract: The invention refers to a headbox device for feeding a pulp suspension to a dewatering installation, particularly for a tissue machine. It is mainly characterized by an eccentric shaft being provided to set the slice gap between a minimum and a maximum height. It also includes a wedge shaped steel lamella tip attached under pre-stress by a tie/rod to a headbox partition.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for changing reels at paper machines, particularly tissue machines. It is mainly characterized by adhesive being applied to an empty reel over almost the entire web width, the core shaft being placed thus prepared on the moving paper web, the paper web being detached across its entire width from the reel currently in use, then secured immediately to the empty core shaft as the paper continues to be wound on the reel. In addition, the invention refers to a device for implementing the process, where an adhesive application device is provided, which is installed on a movable mounting on a winding device at least above the paper web area, at right angles to the web running direction.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for pickling the surface of stainless steel strip feeds the stainless steel strip through a plurality of pickling tanks containing a hydrochloric acid pickling acid. The pickling acid bath is maintained at a temperature of at least about 40° C. An oxidizing agent is added to the acid solution in an amount to maintain at least about one third and preferably at least about half of the soluble iron in the form of ferric chloride based on the total amount of iron in the acid solution.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a soluble metal compound to an electrolyte solution uses a powder wetting device in a loop from a working tank. The powder wetting machine supplies the powdered metal compound directly into the electrolyte solution which rapidly dissolves to replenish the electrolyte compound during the treating process. The apparatus is particularly suitable for replenishing the metal salts consumed during an electroplating process.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for measuring spacing at a paper machine headbox. It is primarily characterized by constant magnetic fields being generated at the headbox slice gap area, the intensity of these fields being measured and these measurements being used to determine the gap between the individual lips. The invention also refers to a measuring device to determine spacing in the headbox 1 area of a paper machine, where a magnetic field generator 10 for a constant magnetic field is provided in one of the two elements 11 that determine the gap and a measuring device for magnetic fields 9 is contained in the second of the two elements 7, 8 determining the gap.

Abstract: A process for the incineration of particulate solids, especially biological waste matter with low caloric value, feeds the solids into a combustion chamber of a furnace together with a sub-stoichiometric amount of fresh air to control the rate of combustion and to inhibit the formation of sintered ash. The furnace for implementing the process can be a cyclone furnace having a primary combustion chamber with a first feed inlet for the solids and air and a second air inlet positioned between the first inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. A supply tube extends through the exhaust gas outlet of the primary combustion chamber to supply a source of fresh air at ambient temperature to maintain the primary combustion chamber at a desired temperature. The fresh air maintains the furnace temperature at least at about 850° C. and generally at about 850° C. to less than about 1100° C.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for regulating a screw press, particularly for dewatering a pulp suspension. It is mainly characterized by the speed being varied as a function of the torque.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for regenerating spent acid liquor includes a primary roasting furnace for evaporating a substantial portion of the liquid from the spent acid to produce acid vapors and partially roasted metal salts. The partially roasted metal salts are transferred to a secondary roasting chamber where the acids adhering to the surface of the metal salts is vaporized and the metal salts are oxidized. The acid vapors from the primary roasting furnace are then transferred to an absorption column to regenerate the acid. The primary roasting furnace is operated at a different temperature from the secondary roasting chamber and has different retention times for the metal salts. The secondary roasting chamber includes a raking device to mix and convey the metal salts during the secondary roasting step to produce a uniformly roasted metal oxide.

Abstract: In order to reduce pollutants in the waste gas of regeneration plants for spent hydrochloric acid from pickling plants a process is provided, comprising the thermal decomposition of iron chloride in the spent pickling acid to iron oxide and gaseous hydrochloric acid, wherein to the spent pickling acid at least one compound is admixed which contains nitrogen having a low oxidation number, for example ammonium compounds, ammonia, urea or amides.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for surface treatment of strip material with liquids, particularly for pickling rolled metal strip, guides the strip through the shallow treatment bath where the metal strip is treated. The treatment liquid medium is sprayed upwardly through nozzles between the bottom of the bath and the strip to be treated, causing a carrying and pulling effect which prevents the strip from contacting the bottom of the bath and prevents the strip from being lifted up from the bath. A plurality of spaced apart spray nozzles introduce a spray of liquid upwardly into the liquid bath to produce alternating high and low pressure zones causing the strip material to travel in an oscillating path.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for mechanical and thermal dewatering of solid-liquid mixture, particularly industrial and sewage sludges, feeds the sludge to a dewatering device to produce a dewatered material which is then dried in a thermal drier. The dewatered sludge is reduced to a granulate-like structure without any intermediate stage and is then dried immediately afterwards. An apparatus for implementing the process includes a mechanical dewatering device being directly connected to a feed unit to produce a granulate-like structure and which is permanently connected to the thermal drier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for dewatering and defibrating ligno-cellulose material using a screw. It is primarily characterized by a defibrating element (9) directly adjoining the body (2') of a first screw.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for electrolytic pickling a metal strip, where the electric current is conducted through the strip indirectly without electrically conductive contact between the strip and the electrodes. The strip is run vertically or substantially vertically through the process, and the electrolyte liquid is fed in between the strip and the electrodes.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for drying material, particularly sludges, with indirectly heated driers includes a system for the thermal decontamination of exhaust air from the drier. Excess exhaust air from the drier loop is fed as secondary air to the heating boiler or furnace separately from the primary air for combustion of the fuel and to thermally clean the exhaust air from the drier. The exhaust drier gas from the drier remains in the furnace for a period to decontaminate the drier gas, after which it is mixed with the flue gases. The mixture is then removed from the furnace. The system is suitable for operation under normal operating temperatures and at low, below normal operating temperatures.