Abstract: A method for producing a compound represented by the formula (1): wherein LG is a leaving group, PG1 is an amino-protecting group, and R is a hydrocarbon group having 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally having substituent(s), comprising reacting a compound represented by the formula (6): with an amino group protecting agent to obtain a compound represented by the formula (7): or a salt thereof; reacting the aforementioned compound represented by the formula (7) with a lactonization agent to obtain a compound represented by the formula (8): reacting the aforementioned compound represented by the formula (8) with an esterification agent to obtain a compound represented by the formula (9): and reacting the aforementioned compound represented by the formula (9) with a leaving group introduction agent.

Abstract: A base floor part for carrying a wheelchair may be adapted to be connected to a body of an automobile. The automobile may include a battery for providing at least part of a driving force of the automobile. The base floor part may be configured such that the base floor part may be arranged at least partly above the battery.

Abstract: A base floor part made of plastic or composite material for a replacement floor for enlarging a rear cargo space of a motor vehicle, such as a compact car or an off-road vehicle, on which a wheelchair can be stored, is described. The base floor part may be connected to the vehicle body. The base floor part may include a preformed marking at which a front end portion can be separated to enable coupling with an extension floor part.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel hydrolase that can industrially produce optically highly pure (1S,2S)-1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-vinylcyclopropane carboxylic acid with high efficiency at low costs, and a production method using the hydrolase.

Abstract: Formulations for promoting honeybee health include an aqueous solution having an organic acid, one or more buffering agents, one or more coloring dyes, and one or more strains of probiotic bacteria. The formulations can be in the form of syrup additives or sprays. The formulations can have additional active ingredients, inert ingredients, or both.

Abstract: A method of producing high-purity hydroxy-L-pipecolic acids that includes allowing an L-pipecolic acid hydroxylase, a microorganism or cell having the ability to produce the enzyme, a processed product of the microorganism or cell, and/or a culture liquid comprising the enzyme and obtained by culturing the microorganism or cell, to act on L-pipecolic acid as a substrate in the presence of 2-oxoglutaric acid and ferrous ion, wherein the L-pipecolic acid hydroxylase (1) acts on L-pipecolic acid in the presence of 2-oxoglutaric acid and ferrous ion to add a hydroxy group to the carbon atom at positions 3, 4, and/or 5 of L-pipecolic acid; and (2) has a catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) with L-proline that is equal to or less than 7 times the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) with L-pipecolic acid.

Abstract: High purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile with fewer impurities that is useful as a starting material or intermediate for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical products, agricultural chemicals, and chemical products, and a production method thereof. A high purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile having an HPLC purity of 2-naphthylacetonitrile of not less than 95 area %, and containing naphthalene compounds represented by the formulas (a)-(j) at a content of a predetermined area % or below. A method for producing high purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile.

Abstract: A method for producing acetaminophen may include causing p-nitrophenol to undergo an acetamination reaction to produce the acetaminophen, by passing a solution containing the p-nitrophenol through a column packed with a catalyst while also passing an acetylating agent and hydrogen through the column. The catalyst may be a supported metal catalyst in which a metal element is supported on a synthetic adsorbent, and a reaction temperature of the acetamination reaction is 0° C. to 60° C., and a reaction pressure of the acetamination reaction is 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa. With the method, it is possible to continuously produce acetaminophen safely and inexpensively with high selectivity and good yield, at a low reaction temperature and a low reaction pressure.

Abstract: High purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile with fewer impurities can be used as a starting material or intermediate for synthesizing various pharmaceutical products, agricultural chemicals, and chemical products, and a production method thereof. A high purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile having an HPLC purity of 2-naphthylacetonitrile of not less than 95 area %, and containing naphthalene compounds represented by the formulas (a)-(j) at a content of a predetermined area % or below. A method for producing high purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile, may include: subjecting 2?-acetonaphthone to a Willgerodt reaction in the presence of an additive where necessary, and hydrolyzing the obtained amide compound to give 2-naphthylacetic acid; and reacting the 2-naphthylacetic acid obtained in the subjecting, a halogenating agent and sulfamide in the presence of a catalyst as necessary in an organic solvent to give 2-naphthylacetonitrile.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of industrially and safely producing lacosamide high in diastereomeric excess at a high yield and a low cost. Adopting a particular isomerization-crystallization condition makes it possible to a method of industrially and safely producing lacosamide high in diastereomeric excess at a high yield and a low cost. Additionally, an intermediate efficacious for producing lacosamide is provided.

Abstract: A rights-based system is described in which vouchers are employed for creating, managing, distributing, and redeeming rights in digital contexts. A voucher is a digital, possession-based rights representation. An authorization component of the system validates the vouchers and issues corresponding tokens. Access to digital resources is provided in response to presentation of the tokens which are validated by matching voucher refresh values to corresponding values maintained by the system. New refresh values are generated and inserted in the vouchers each time they are redeemed.

Abstract: A novel method of producing high-purity hydroxy-L-pipecolic acids in an efficient and inexpensive manner while suppressing the production of hydroxy-L-proline is provided. The method includes allowing an L-pipecolic acid hydroxylase, a microorganism or cell having the ability to produce the enzyme, a processed product of the microorganism or cell, and/or a culture liquid comprising the enzyme and obtained by culturing the microorganism or cell, to act on L-pipecolic acid as a substrate in the presence of 2-oxoglutaric acid and ferrous ion, wherein the L-pipecolic acid hydroxylase has the properties: (1) the enzyme can act on L-pipecolic acid in the presence of 2-oxoglutaric acid and ferrous ion to add a hydroxy group to the carbon atom at positions 3, 4, and/or 5 of L-pipecolic acid; and (2) the enzyme has a catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) with L-proline that is equal to or less than 7 times the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) with L-pipecolic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel hydrolase that can industrially produce optically highly pure (1S,2S)-1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-vinylcyclopropane carboxylic acid with high efficiency at low costs, and a production method using the hydrolase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbonyl reductase having the activity of reducing a carbonyl group-containing compound to convert the compound into an optically active compound, and a production method of an optically active compound using the enzyme. Specifically, a carbonyl reductase having one or more mutations in which the 54th aspartic acid, the 157th methionine, the 170th alanine, the 211th isoleucine, the 214th methionine, and the 249th methionine are each substituted by other specific amino acid in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a homologue of the amino acid sequence, and a production method of an optically active compound using the same are provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for enabling actionable content by embedding title materials corresponding to digital bearer instruments in digital media.

Abstract: The present invention provides high purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile with fewer impurities that is useful as a starting material or intermediate for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical products, agricultural chemicals, and chemical products, and a production method thereof. A high purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile having an HPLC purity of 2-naphthylacetonitrile of not less than 95 area %, and containing naphthalene compounds represented by the formulas (a)-(j) at a content of a predetermined area % or below. A method for producing high purity 2-naphthylacetonitrile, including the following step 1 and step 2: step 1: a step of subjecting 2?-acetonaphthone to a Willgerodt reaction in the presence of an additive where necessary, and hydrolyzing the obtained amide compound to give 2-naphthylacetic acid; step 2: a step of reacting the 2-naphthylacetic acid obtained in step 1, a halogenating agent and sulfamide in the presence of a catalyst as necessary in an organic solvent to give 2-naphthylacetonitrile.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of industrially producing a high-purity L-cyclic amino acid more inexpensively and with a high efficiency, from a cyclic amino acid having a double bond at the 1-position. The present invention provides a method in which an L-cyclic amino acid is produced by allowing a cyclic amino acid having a double bond at the 1-position to react with a specific enzyme having a catalytic ability to reduce a cyclic amino acid having a double bond at the 1-position to produce an L-cyclic amino acid.

Abstract: A lifting mechanism for a foldable ramp may include a swivel lifting arm being biased in a passive position of the foldable ramp and being activatable for releasing and transmitting its bias into a lifting force on the foldable ramp. The foldable ramp may be for providing wheelchair access to a passenger car rear door. The foldable ramp can be swivelled between several positions including a passive position in which the foldable ramp is arranged in the car in a lying position.

Abstract: A method for producing a compound represented by formula (3) including bringing a carbon-carbon double bond reductase, a microorganism or cell having an ability to produce the enzyme, a processed product of the microorganism or cell, and/or a culture solution containing the enzyme which is obtained by culturing the microorganism or cell, and a carbonyl reductase, a microorganism or cell having an ability to produce the enzyme, a processed product of the microorganism or cell, and/or a culture solution containing the enzyme which is obtained by culturing the microorganism or cell into contact with a compound represented by formula (1) to obtain a compound represented by formula (3):