Abstract: A method for producing cis-5-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid, the method comprising allowing a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent L-pipecolic acid hydroxylase to act on L-pipecolic acid to generate cis-5-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid, wherein the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent L-pipecolic acid hydroxylase comprises the polypeptide (A), (B) or (C) below: (A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or 11; (B) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or 11 except that one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted, and/or added, which polypeptide has 2-oxoglutarate-dependent L-pipecolic acid hydroxylase activity; or (C) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence with an identity of not less than 60% to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or 11, which polypeptide has 2-oxoglutarate-dependent L-pipecolic acid hydroxylase activity.

Abstract: A plate apparatus suitable for heat and/or material exchange has plates (P0, P1, P2, P3) contacting each other flush along a peripheral seal (1) while forming respective intermediate spaces (Z0, Z1, Z2, Z3) and having upper (2, 3) and lower (4, 5) through-flow openings for fluids. A group of these upper and lower through-flow openings (2, 5) is allocated to at least two fluids and is connected by correspondingly placed seals to every second plate intermediate space (Z1, Z3) carrying a flow from top to bottom. In flush upper through-flow openings (2) of plates (P0, P1, P2, P3) a distribution lance (6) runs across these openings and has outlet openings (6a) for at least one of the fluids. It is essential that the outlet openings (6a) are directed into those plate intermediate spaces (Z0, Z2) arranged between the second plate intermediate spaces (Z1, Z3) for the fluids to be mixed.

Abstract: A method for producing (2S,5S)/(2R,5R)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid represented by formula (10) below: the method including removing the protecting group from the hydroxyl group in a compound represented by formula (7) below: (wherein P represents a protecting group, R3 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aralkyloxy group containing 7 to 20 carbon atoms) to synthesize a compound represented by formula (8) below: (wherein R3 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aralkyloxy group containing 7 to 20 carbon atoms).

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process for separating fermentation inhibitors from a biomass-derived hydrolysate, comprising: introducing a biomass-derived liquid hydrolysate stream to a stripping column; introducing a steam-rich vapor stream to the stripping column to strip fermentation inhibitors (such as acetic acid) from the liquid hydrolysate stream; recovering a stripped liquid stream and a stripper vapor output stream; compressing the stripper vapor output stream; introducing the compressed vapor stream, and a water-rich liquid stream, to an evaporator; recovering, from the evaporator, an evaporated liquid stream and an evaporator output vapor stream; and recycling the evaporator output vapor stream to the stripping column as the steam-rich vapor stream. Other variations utilize a rectification column to recover a rectified liquid stream and a rectification column vapor stream, and recycle the rectification column vapor stream to the stripping column as the steam-rich vapor stream.

Abstract: Embodiments include a foldable cart and methods of folding a cart for loading into a vehicle. In an illustrative embodiment, the leading legs are foldable from a use position to a collapsed position. To facilitate folding of the leading legs, the cart includes a leading leg folding system having: i) a release mechanism, ii) one or more leading leg supports to transfer motion from the release mechanism to the leading legs, and iii) an actuation system including an actuator wheel to initiate release of the release mechanism. The actuation system provides automatic release and folding of the leading legs during loading into the vehicle.

Abstract: Provided are ibrutinib polymorphs, e.g., crystalline ibrutinib Forms III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and Form IX and processes for producing these crystalline forms, stable amorphous ibrutinib and processes for preparing stable amorphous ibrutinib, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these forms and methods of using these crystalline and amorphous forms.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method capable of producing rosuvastatin calcium and intermediates therefor efficiently, inexpensively and with high purity. The present invention provides a method of efficiently producing rosuvastatin calcium and intermediates therefor having a high purity at an industrial scale, without using an extremely low temperature reaction or a special asymmetric catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: contacting biomass with SO2, water, and optionally a first solvent, to produce intermediate solids; then contacting the intermediate solids with SO2, water, and a second solvent, to produce cellulose-rich solids and a liquid phase comprising hemicelluloses and lignin. The first concentration of SO2 may be lower or higher than the second concentration of SO2. It is desirable to vary the SO2 and solvent concentrations in different stages to optimize the removal of hemicellulose versus lignin. The resulting cellulose-rich material can contain very low hemicellulose, very low lignin, or both low hemicellulose and low lignin. High-purity cellulose is useful both for producing glucose as well as for cellulose products or derivatives. The hemicelluloses may be hydrolyzed to produce monomeric sugars, and the lignin may be recovered as a co-product.

Abstract: The invention provides a production method of a biaryl compound of the formula [3] or a salt thereof, including reacting a 2-phenylazole derivative of the formula [1] or a salt thereof, with a benzene derivative of the formula [2] or a salt thereof in the presence of a metal catalyst, a base, and one or more of (a) a monocarboxylic acid metal salt, (b) a dicarboxylic acid metal salt, (c) a sulfonic acid metal salt, and (d) a phosphate or phosphoric amide metal salt represented by RAxP(O)(OM)y wherein each symbol is as defined herein.

Abstract: An improved semichemical pulping process is disclosed to reduce washing costs and recovery process costs, while producing equivalent pulp and paper products. In some variations, the invention provides a process for producing a paper product from biomass, comprising: digesting lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to generate an intermediate pulp material and a liquid phase containing extracted hemicelluloses; mechanically refining the intermediate pulp material, to generate a refined pulp material; and introducing the refined pulp material, the liquid phase, and optionally a separate solid material to a paper machine, to produce a paper product. The process optionally employs no washing step. When the liquid phase is washed from the intermediate pulp material or the refined pulp material using an aqueous wash solution, the wash filtrate may be introduced directly or indirectly to the paper machine.

Abstract: The GreenBox+ technology is suitable to extract hemicellulose sugars prior to pulping of biomass into pulp products. The revenue obtainable from the sugar stream can significantly improve the economics of a pulp and paper mill. An initial extraction and recovery of sugars is followed by production of a pulp product with similar or better properties. Other co-products such as acetates and furfural are also possible. Some variations provide a process for co-producing pulp and hemicellulosic sugars from biomass, comprising: digesting the biomass in the presence of steam and/or hot water to extract hemicellulose into a liquid phase; washing the extracted solids, thereby generating a liquid wash filtrate and washed solids; separating the liquid wash filtrate from the washed solids; refining the washed solids at a refining pH of about 4 or higher, thereby generating pulp; and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate hemicellulosic fermentable sugars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of deprotecting a tetrazole compound, useful as an intermediate for angiotensin II receptor blockers, and provides a novel production method of angiotensin II receptor blockers. Provided is a production method of a compound represented by the formula [3] or [4] or a salt thereof, including (i) reducing a compound represented by the formula [1] or [2] or a salt thereof in the presence of a metal catalyst and an alkaline earth metal salt, or (ii) reacting the compound with a particular amount of Brønsted acid: wherein each symbol is as defined in the present specification.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method for efficiently producing hydroxy-L-lysine. The present invention provides a method for producing hydroxy-L-lysine, the method comprising allowing 2-oxoglutarate-dependent L-lysine hydroxylase, a cell containing 2-oxoglutarate-dependent L-lysine hydroxylase, a processed product of the cell, and/or a culture broth obtained by culturing the cell, to act on L-lysine to produce hydroxy-L-lysine represented by the following General Formula (I) (wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or hydroxyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2 and R3 represents a hydroxyl group).

Abstract: The present invention provides a pipecolic acid 4-hydroxylase protein exemplified by the following (A), (B), and (C), having activity to react with L-pipecolic acid in the presence of 2-oxoglutaric acid and iron(II) ions to produce trans-4-hydroxy-L-pipecolic acid, and a method for producing 4-hydroxy amino acid, which method comprises reacting the pipecolic acid 4-hydroxylase protein, cells containing the protein, a treated product of the cells, and/or a culture liquid obtained by culturing the cells, with ?-amino acid to produce 4-hydroxy amino acid: (A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, or 18; (B) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, or 18 except that one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted, and/or added, and having pipecolic acid 4-hydroxylase activity; and (C) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is not less than 80% identical to the amino acid sequence rep

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method capable of producing rosuvastatin calcium and intermediates therefor efficiently, inexpensively and with high purity. The present invention provides a method of efficiently producing rosuvastatin calcium and intermediates therefor having a high purity at an industrial scale, without using an extremely low temperature reaction or a special asymmetric catalyst.

Abstract: A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300° F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose.

Abstract: Conventionally, sugarcane processing avoids leaving residual sucrose in the bagasse, since the bagasse will be burned and the value of the sucrose would be lost. However, when coupled with a Green Power+® process to extract hemicelluloses, sucrose may also be extracted and recovered from the bagasse. In some variations, a process includes mechanically treating a feedstock to generate a sucrose-rich stream and lignocellulosic material that intentionally retains a significant amount of the initial sucrose in the feedstock; extracting the lignocellulosic material with steam and/or hot water to produce cellulose-rich solids and an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and sucrose; and then hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers into a hemicellulose sugar stream. Each of the sucrose-rich stream and the hemicellulose sugar stream (containing the starting residual sucrose) may be recovered or further processed (e.g., fermented to ethanol).

Abstract: A method for producing (2S,5S)/(2R,5R)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid represented by formula (10) below: the method including removing the protecting group from the hydroxyl group in a compound represented by formula (7) below: (wherein P represents a protecting group, R3 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aralkyloxy group containing 7 to 20 carbon atoms) to synthesize a compound represented by formula (8) below: (wherein R3 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aralkyloxy group containing 7 to 20 carbon atoms).

Abstract: A water separator and system includes a compressed air aftercooler and water/moisture separator with a demister core comprising a plurality of offset fins. In one embodiment, the compressed air aftercooler comprises a compressed air core having an aftercooler inlet, an aftercooler outlet at the bottom of the compressed air core, and one or more heat transfer passages. In one aspect, the system comprises a moisture separator substantially integral to the aftercooler. In another aspect, the system includes a first generally horizontal region beneath and adjacent to the aftercooler outlet; and an expansion zone adjacent to and in fluid communication with the first region, the expansion zone being configured to reduce the horizontal velocity of compressed air passing therethrough. In another aspect, the demister core is in fluid communication with the expansion zone.