Abstract: The invention relates principally to a hot rolled steel sheet with a yield stress greater than 690 MPa and less than or equal to 840 MPa, with strength between 780 MPa and 950 MPa, elongation at failure greater than 10% and a hole expansion ratio (Ac) greater than or equal to 50%. The chemical composition of the sheet claimed by the invention contains, whereby the contents are expressed in percent by weight: 0.40%?C?0.065%, 1.4%?Mn?1.9%, 0.1%?Si?0.55%, 0.095%?Ti?0.145%, 0.025%?Nb?0.045%, 0.005%?Al?0.1%, 0.002%?N?0.007%, S?0.004%, P<0.020. The microstructure of the sheet claimed by the invention also consists of granular bainite, ferrite, cementite in an area percentage of less than 1.5% and titanium and niobium carbonitrides, which results in a hole expansion ratio (Ac) greater than or equal to 50%, and the ratio between the grain size DL measured parallel to the rolling direction and the grain size DN measured perpendicular to the rolling direction is less than or equal to 1.4.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for treating an exhaust gas. A series of filters and conditioning units are used to separate and extract various substances from the exhaust gas, typically originating from an industrial process. In an exemplary embodiment, a cyclone filter, a ceramic filter, a baghouse filter, and a pair of gas conditioners are used to initially separate and extract iron-rich dust from an exhaust gas and then extract zinc from the gas.

Abstract: Nickel-base radiant tube includes straight and curved elbow tube sections. The straight tube section has constant inner and outer radii. The elbow tube section has a constant inner radius and variable outer radius. The inner diameter of the elbow tube section is equal the inner radius of the straight tube section. Mating end portion of the elbow tube section has an outer radius equal to the outer radius of the straight tube section. Method for making the radiant tube comprises the steps of positioning a mating end portion of the straight tube section adjacent to and aligned with the mating end portion of the elbow tube section so that end faces of the straight and elbow tube sections face each other to define a circumferentially extending weld groove, and butt welding the mating end portions of the straight and elbow tube sections together at the weld groove.

Abstract: A method of making a hypereutectoid, head-hardened steel rail is provided that includes a step of head hardening a steel rail having a composition containing 0.86-1.00 wt % carbon, 0.40-0.75 wt % manganese, 0.40-1.00 wt % silicon, 0.05-0.15 wt % vanadium, 0.015-0.030 wt % titanium, and sufficient nitrogen to react with the titanium to form titanium nitride. Head hardening is conducted at a cooling rate that, if plotted on a graph with xy-coordinates with the x-axis representing cooling time in seconds, and the y-axis representing temperature in Celsius of the surface of the head of the steel rail, is maintained in a region between an upper cooling rate boundary plot defined by an upper line connecting xy-coordinates (0 s, 775° C.), (20 s, 670° C.), and (110 s, 550° C.) and a lower cooling rate boundary plot defined by a lower line connecting xy-coordinates (0 s, 750° C.), (20 s, 610° C.), and (110 s, 500° C.).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a facility for the continuous vacuum deposition of a metal coating on a substrate in motion, comprising a vacuum deposition enclosure (24), at least one vapor jet deposition head (25,26) connected to an evaporator pot (9) designed to contain the coating metal in liquid form (11), through a vapor supply pipe (20) provided with a distribution valve (19), and a melting furnace (1) for said metal, said furnace being at atmospheric pressure, located below the lowest portion of the evaporator pot (9) and connected to the evaporator pot (9) by at least one automatic supply pipe (8) of the evaporator pot (9) provided with a supply pump (6) and by at least one liquid metal return pipe (8A,18) optionally provided with a valve (16,17), regulating means for the supply pump (6) further being present to regulate a determined liquid metal level in the evaporator pot (9), characterized in that it comprises, in each said supply and return pipes (8; 8A,18), a so-called heat valve area (7,13,15)

Abstract: The present invention provides a “TRIP effect” cold-rolled and annealed steel sheet which has improved formability and weldability, strength between 780 and 900 MPa and elongation at fracture greater than 19%, the composition of which includes the following elements in percentages expressed by weight: 0.17%?C?0.25%, 1.5%?Mn?2%, 0.50%?Si?1%, 0.50%?Al?1.2%, whereby Si+Al?1.30%, the remainder of the composition including iron and the inevitable impurities resulting from processing. The microstructure of the sheet includes 65 to 85% ferrite and 15 to 35% islands of martensite and residual austenite. The average size of these islands of martensite and residual austenite is less than 1.3 micrometers and their shape factor is less than 3.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a rolled steel sheet suitable for enamelling, said sheet having a carbon profile, defined by a gradient in the C-level from a level Csurface at at least one surface of the sheet, to a level Cbulk in the bulk of the sheet, Cbulk being higher than Csurface, and with: Cbulk higher than 0 and lower than or equal to 0.08 wt %, Csurface between 0 and 0.015 wt %, Al between 0.012 wt % and 0.07 wt %, Mn between 0.12 wt % and 0.45 wt %, O lower than 0.01 wt % and optionally: Cu between 0.025 wt % and 0.1 wt %, S between 0.008 wt % and 0.04 wt %, Ca between 0.0005 wt % and 0.005 wt %, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, and wherein the depth where the C-level reaches Cbulk+Csurface)/2, is higher than 75 ?m. The invention is equally related to a method for producing said steel sheet.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for treating an exhaust gas. A series of filters and conditioning units are used to separate and extract various substances from the exhaust gas, typically originating from an industrial process. In an exemplary embodiment, a cyclone filter, a ceramic filter, a baghouse filter, and a pair of gas conditioners are used to initially separate and extract iron-rich dust from an exhaust gas and then extract zinc from the gas.

Abstract: A simplified tool is provided for simultaneous prediction of dent resistance and snap-through buckling resistance of roof panels including the effect of roof bow placement, curvatures of the roof panel, thickness of the roof, and steel grade. In one embodiment, a method of predicting snap-through buckling resistance of a sheet metal panel to an applied load under localized loading conditions is provided, wherein the sheet panel has certain defined geometries. The method includes the steps of: identifying first and second principal radii of curvature of the panel; identifying a thickness of the panel; identifying the distance of a portion of the panel between structural supports; creating a mathematical function to determine load deflection behavior for snap-through buckling; and determining the likelihood of the panel to display snap-through buckling characteristics under various localized applied loads by inputting the parameters.

Abstract: Hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel plate, method for manufacturing same and use thereof in the automotive industry A hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel plate, characterized in that its composition is in weight percentages: 0.6%?C?0.9%; 17%?Mn?22%; 0.2%?Al?0.9%; 0.2%?Si?1.1% with 0.85%?Al+Si?1.9%; 1.2%?Cu?1.9%; S?0.030%; P?0.080%; N?0.1%; optionally: Nb?0.25% and preferably comprised between 0.070 and 0.25%; V?0.5% and preferably comprised between 0.050 and 0.5%; Ti?0.5%, and preferably comprised between 0.040 and 0.5%; Ni?2%; trace amounts Cr?2%, preferably?1%; B?0.010%, and preferably, comprised between 0.0005% and 0.010%; the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the production. A method for manufacturing this plate, the use of this plate in the automotive industry.

Abstract: The invention concerns an austenite-ferrite stainless steel composition, whose composition contains in % by weight: 0.01%?C?0.10% 20.0%?Cr?24.0% 1.0%?Ni?3.0% 0.12%?N?0.20% 0.5%?Mn?2.0% 1.6%?Cu?3.0% 0.05% 5 Mo 5 1.0% W?0.15% 0.05%?Mo +W/2?1.0% 0.2%?Si?1.5% Al?0.05% V?0.5% Nb?0.5% Ti?0.5% B?0.003% Co?0.5% REM?0.1% Ca?0.03% Mg?0.1% Se?0.005% O?0.01% S?0.030% P?0.040% the rest being iron and impurities resulting from the production and the microstructure being composed of austenite and 35 to 65% ferrite by volume, the composition furthermore obeying the following relations: 40?IF?65 with IF=10%Cr+5.1%Mo+1.4%Mn+24.3%Si+35%Nb+71.5%Ti?595.4%C?245.1%N?9.3%Ni?3.3%Cu?99.8 and IRCGCU?32.0 with IRCGCU=%Cr+3.3%Mo+2%Cu+16%N+2.6%Ni?0.7%Mn and 0?IU?6.0 with IU=3%Ni+%Cu+%Mn?100%C?25%N?2(%Cr+%Si)?6%Mo+45 as well as a method of manufacture of plates, bands, coils, bars, wires, profiles, forged pieces and molded pieces of this steel.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for treating an exhaust gas. A series of filters and conditioning units are used to separate and extract various substances from the exhaust gas, typically originating from an industrial process. In an exemplary embodiment, a cyclone filter, a ceramic filter, a baghouse filter, and a pair of gas conditioners are used to initially separate and extract iron-rich dust from an exhaust gas and then extract zinc from the gas.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the thickness of a coating material layer of a running strip according to which, by means of an eddy current sensor for at least one area of the strip, a quantity is measured, representative of the thickness of the coating layer and the thickness of the coating layer is determined from the measured quantity and from at least one calibration value. The measurement made with an eddy current sensor comprises the measurement of the complex impedance of a coil facing the running strip for a low excitation frequency and a high excitation frequency and the elaboration of a quantity representative of the thickness of the coating layer from said complex impedance measurements. A device for applying the method and a coating installation equipped with the device.

Abstract: A vehicle door assembly comprises an inner panel integrally formed by upper and lower horizontal beams interconnected by front and rear upright beams, and an outer panel bonded to the inner panel. The frame portion comprises opposite front and rear U-shaped side frame members non-detachably attached to each other by upper and lower intermediate frame members so as to form a continuous perimeter. The side frame members are made of a first steel material and the intermediate frame members made of a second steel material, which is different from the first steel material. A method for manufacturing the inner panel comprises the steps: providing U-shaped sheets of the first steel material, providing top and bottom sheets of the second steel material, non-detachably connecting the U-shaped sheets to the top and bottom sheets so as to form a blank, and stamping the blank into the frame portion.

Abstract: Methods and systems for resistance spot welding using direct current micro pulses are described. One described method comprises comprising forming a weld joint by applying a plurality of direct current micro pulses to at least two pieces of materials through a first electrode and a second electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for coating a metal strip, in which a layer of an oxidizable metal or an oxidizable metal alloy or a metal oxide is vacuum-deposited on a metal strip precoated with zinc or with a zinc alloy, the coated metal strip is then coiled, and the wound coil undergoes a static diffusion treatment so as to obtain a strip having a coating that comprises, in the upper portion, a layer of an alloy formed by diffusion of the oxidizable metal or the oxidizable metal alloy in all or part of the zinc or zinc alloy layer, and also to equipment for implementing the process.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for treating an exhaust gas. A series of filters and conditioning units are used to separate and extract various substances from the exhaust gas, typically originating from an industrial process. In an exemplary embodiment, a cyclone filter, a ceramic filter, a baghouse filter, and a pair of gas conditioners are used to initially separate and extract iron-rich dust from an exhaust gas and then extract zinc from the gas.

Abstract: In said method, the mold (1), which includes a mold cavity (3A) defined by an ingot mold (2), a core (4) and a bottom (27), is arranged inside a vacuum-cast enclosure (5) including a means (9) of introducing molten metal at the upper portion thereof. A means (11A, 11?) for receiving and distributing molten metal, which is suitable for receiving the molten steel introduced into the vacuum-cast enclosure (5) and for redistributing the molten metal in the mold cavity (3A), is arranged at the upper portion of the mold cavity (3A). The molten metal is introduced into the enclosure (5) so as to form a first jet of molten steel (50) under a vacuum, in order to pour the molten metal over the receiving and distributing means (11A, 11?) and to form at least one second jet of molten steel (52) under a vacuum, which originates with the receiving and distributing means (11A, 11?) and terminates in the mold cavity (3A) so as to fill the mold cavity (3A) with molten metal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for resistance spot welding using direct current micro pulses are described. One described method comprises comprising forming a weld joint by applying a plurality of direct current micro pulses to at least two pieces of materials through a first electrode and a second electrode.

Abstract: An austenitic steel not susceptible to relaxation cracking, with composition comprising, in percentages by weight: 0.019% ?C ?0.030%, 0.5% ?Mn ?2%, 0.1% ?Si ?0.75%, Al >0.25%, 18% ?Cr ?25%, 12% ?Ni ?20%, 1.5% ?Mo ?3%, 0.001 % <B ?0.008%, 0.25% ?V ?0.35%, 0.23% ?N ?0.27%, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities wherein: Ni(eq.) ?1.11 Cr(eq.) ?8.24, wherein: Cr(eq)=Cr+Mo+1.5 Si+5V+3AI+0.02, Ni(eq)=Ni+30C+x(N?0.045)+0.87 wherein: x=30 for N?0.2, x=22 for 0.2<N?0.25, x=20 for 0.25<N?0.35.