Abstract: Selective phosphorylation of phenpanstatin (3a) with tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in pyridine followed by cation exchange chromatographic procedures was found to provide an efficient route to a new series (3b-3d) of promising 3,4-O-cyclic phosphate prodrugs designated phenpanstatin phosphates. Application of analogous reaction conditions to pancratistatin (1a) led to a mixture of monophosphate derivatives where sodium pancratistatin 4-O-phosphate (4a) was isolated and the structure confirmed by x-ray crystallography. Modification of the reaction conditions allowed direct phosphorylation of pancratistatin followed by cation exchange chromatography to afford sodium pancratistatin 3,4-O-cyclic phosphate (5b) which was selected for preclinical development.

Abstract: The Indo-Pacific marine sponge Ircinia ramosa has been found to contain two powerful (GI50 0.001 to <0.0001 ?g/ml) murine and human cancer cell growth inhibitors, denominated herein as irciniastatin A and irciniastatin B. Both were isolated (10-3 to 10-4% yields) by cancer cell line bioassay-guided techniques and named irciniastatins A (1) and B (2). Structural elucidation by a combination of spectral analyses, primarily high resolution mass and 2D-NMR (principally APT, HMQC, HMBC and ROESY) revealed unusual structures 1 and 2.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for sensing chemical and/or biological analytes includes a deflectable arm of a microcantilever at least partially embedded within a sensing element. A gaseous or liquid medium which may include the analyte being detected is introduced to the sensing element. The sensing element undergoes volumetric expansion or contraction in the presence of the analyte sought to be detected, typically by adsorbing the analyte. The volumetric change of the sensing element causes the deflectable arm to deflect. The deflectable arm includes at least one measurable physical property which changes when the arm deflects. Detecting means are provided to measure the change in the physical property to determine the presence and amount of analyte present. An array of microcantilevers in which each microcantilever is dedicated to detecting a particular analyte which may be included in the medium, is also provided.

Abstract: Selective phosphorylation of phenpanstatin (3a) with tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate and dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide in pyridine followed by cation exchange chromatographic procedures was found to provide an efficient mute to a new series (3b-3d) of promising 3,4-O-cyclic phosphate prodrugs designated phenpanstatin phosphates. Application of analogous reaction conditions to pancratistatin (1a) led to a mixture of monophosphate derivatives where sodium paancratistatin 4-O-phosphate (4a) was isolated and the structure confirmed by x-ray craxtallography. Modification of the reaction conditions allowed direct phosphorylation of pancratistatin followed by cation exchange chromatography to afford sodium pancratistatin 3,4-O-cyclic phosphate (5b) which was selected for preclinical development.

Abstract: Cribrostatin 6, a dark blue cancer cell growth inhibiting constituent of the Republic of Maldives marine sponge Cribrochalina sp. has been isolated, and its structure (shown below) elucidated, based on a combination of RMS, high field (500 MHz, HMBC, and GOESY experiments) 15N, 1H- and 13C NMR, and X-ray crystal structure analyses. Cribrostatin 6 also was found to inhibit the growth of a number of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Abstract: A chemical switch device comprising a film which irreversibly reacts upon exposure to specific chemical components in the environment under the conditions of measurement. The reactions can lead to large changes in the physical and chemical properties of the film which are measurable electrically, optically or by other methods.

Abstract: A chemical switch device comprising a film which irreversibly reacts upon exposure to specific chemical components in the environment under the conditions of measurement. The reactions can lead to large changes in the physical and chemical properties of the film which are measurable electrically, optically or by other methods.

Abstract: Guayule rubber particles, contain several characteristic proteins. The most abundant of these proteins, the rubber particle protein (RPP) has been shown to be a non-monooxygenase, cytochrome P450, heme-binding protein that is necessary for rubber biosynthesis. A full-length cDNA clone for guayule RPP has been isolated, sequenced and characterized. The pRPP30 coding sequence is transferable to other prokaryotic or eukaryotic host organisms wherein the RPP DNA will be expressed to produce functional RPP for rubber biosynthesis.

Abstract: A liquid, predominantly lithium-conducting, ionic electrolyte is described which has exceptionally high conductivity at temperatures of 100.degree. C. or lower, including room temperature. It comprises molten lithium salts or salt mixtures in which a small amount of an anionic polymer lithium salt is dissolved to stabilize the liquid against recrystallization. Further, a liquid ionic electrolyte which has been rubberized by addition of an extra proportion of anionic polymer, and which has good chemical and electrochemical stability, is described. This presents an attractive alternative to conventional salt-in-polymer electrolytes which are not cationic conductors.

Abstract: A novel asphalt-aggregate composition in which the aggregate particles and the asphalt are separated by a very thin film of a water insoluble organic polymer. The continuous thin film is formed by treating the aggregate with dilute aqueous emulsion of the polymer. A major amount of hot treated aggregate is thoroughly mixed with a minor amount of hot, free-flowing asphalt to produce a composition useful in road construction and repair, roof maintenance, landfill lining and like application where the integrity of the asphalt must be maintained.

Abstract: The marine bryozoan Bugula neritina has been found to contain a novel 22-membered macrocyclic lactone which is an inhibitor of lymphocytic leukemia as measured by the US National Cancer Institute's P 388 and in vitro evaluation system. The novel lactone is herein denominated "neristatin 1" and is elucidated.