Abstract: In a process for producing an alkali metal hydroxide which comprises electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal chloride in an electrolytic cell having an anode compartment and a cathode compartment which are partitioned by a fluorinated cation exchange membrane, the improvement which comprises a fluorinated cation exchange membrane made of a fluorinated copolymer having carboxylic acid groups as the ion exchange group and having an ion exchange capacity of 0.5 to 2.0 meq/g dry polymer and a concentration of carboxylic acid groups of 8 to 30 meq/g water absorbed by the membrane when contacted with an aqueous solution of the alkali metal hydroxide having about the same concentration of alkali metal hydroxide as that of catholyte during said electrolysis.

Abstract: A multiple reflection type solid ultrasonic delay line which comprises a solid ultrasonic delay medium in the form of a thin flat plate having input and output transducers and reflection elements formed on the periphery thereof, and one or more arc grooves provided on part of side surfaces which is other than desirable reflection elements for ultrasonic vibration and a low melting metal or alloy being provided in said arc grooves. In the delay lines, undesirable signals are remarkably attenuated.

Abstract: A fluorocarbon polymer composite comprises a fluorocarbon polymer and a filler in a form of powder, granules, beads, fiber, fabric sheet or a like which is treated with polyphenylene sulfide.

Abstract: An unsaturated aldehyde having three to four carbon atoms is prepared by reacting the corresponding olefin with molecular oxygen in the vapor phase at a temperature of from 350.degree. to 520.degree. C in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst comprising the metallic components: (a) molybdenum; (b) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum; (c) tellurium; and (d) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, copper, arsenic, antimony, iron and nickel.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for automatically sealing insulation tubes comprising a turn table intermittently turned through a part of a revolution and having a plurality of tube holders disposed in a circle about its central axis, a friction wheel disposed below the turn table and engaging the tube holders for rotating them about their respective vertical axes, a mechanism for stopping the rotation of a predetermined number of the tube holders at predetermined positions along the path of revolution of the turn table, a device for heating the tubes at predetermined positions along the path of revolution of the turn table and a mechanism for supplying a molten solder to the holders being rotated about their axes at a predetermined position in the revolution of the turn table whereby the molten solder is distributed to the peripheral parts of the tube.

Abstract: For accurately detecting the position of an edge of a glass ribbon in a process for manufacturing float glass, wherein the glass ribbon is moved forwardly along a longitudinal bath of molten metal, a radiation receiving edge of a radiation pyrometer is inserted transversely of the glass ribbon and thereabove from the side wall of the tank supporting the molten metal bath. The radiation receiving edge is reciprocably moved so as to detect the position at which the indication of a predetermined temperature changes, or the position where the temperature increases rapidly, and the position of the edge of the glass ribbon is detected by measuring such position of the radiation receiving edge where the temperature indicated increases rapidly.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of oxides of sulfur from combustion waste gases, which comprises cooling said waste gases and forming entrained particles of sodium compounds, consisting essentially of sodium carbonate, by spray contact with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, converting sodium carbonate in the particles to sodium sulfate by passing said oxides of sulphur containing waste gases and said sodium compound particles over plate-like packings, whereby said particles are comminuted to a finer particle size form so as to enhance the reaction of said sulfate particles with the oxides of sulfur in said waste gases, collecting entrained particles of said sodium compounds in a dust collector.

Abstract: Polyfluoroalkyl group-containing compounds are prepared according to the following reaction: ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.f represents perfluoroalkyl groups containing C.sub.1.sub.-23 carbon atoms, R, R' and R" represent hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl groups, and X represents bromine atoms or iodine atoms. The polyfluoroalkyl group-containing esters having the formula R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCOR, are converted by hydrolysis to polyfluoroalkyl group-containing alcohols having the formula R.sub.f CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH wherein R.sub.f is defined as above.

Abstract: Methacrylic acid is prepared by reacting methacrolein with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising (a) molybdenum, (b) phosphorus, (c) at least one element selected from the group consisting of thallium and cesium, (d) at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, zirconium, tin, niobium, nickel, tantalum and iron, and (e) oxygen.

Abstract: Reinforced float glass is produced by forming a glass ribbon on a molten metal bath, imparting a predetermined thickness to the glass ribbon and thereafter cooling the glass ribbon down to a temperature not higher than about 800.degree. C in order not to allow a metal wire to sink, superposing the metal wire and a molten glass having a temperature more than about 1000.degree. C onto the glass ribbon, thereby forming a laminated glass ribbon embedded with the metal wire, and further advancing the laminated glass ribbon along the molten metal bath to flatten the upper surface thereof.

Abstract: A novel oil- and water-repellent composition which comprises a copolymer of at least 25 weight percent of a fluoroalkyl monomer and an alkylvinyl ether having the formula: CH.sub.2 =CH-OR wherein R represents a halogen substituted lower alkyl group.

Abstract: A plunger for forming hollow glass articles and having a nose piece projecting outwardly of its pressing surface, incorporates a main cooling system for cooling the main pressing surface extending around the nose piece, and a sub-cooling system located interiorly of the nose piece and independently of the main cooling system for cooling the nose piece, thereby making it possible to control the temperature of the nose piece by means of the sub-cooling system which employs a refrigerant having a different cooling efficiency from the refrigerant of the main cooling system.

Abstract: Here is disclosed a liquid crystal cell comprising a juxtaposed couple of planar elements at least one of which is transparent and a liquid crystal material interposed between said planar elements and sealed around the edges thereof, said cell being thermally and chemically stable, hermetically sealed and uniformly spaced, due to the use of low-melting glass as a sealant or a sealant-spacer.

Abstract: Selenium is recovered from combustion waste gas, especially the combustion waste gas evolved from glass melting furnaces by a process in which the waste gas is contacted with an absorbing solution containing an alkali metal sulfite or bisulfite, whereby metallic selenium and selenium compounds are absorbed, the temperature of the waste gas is decreased and the humidity of the waste gas is increased. The treated waste gas in then passed through a moist glass fiber filter which collects the remaining amounts of selenium from the waste gas. The absorbing solution is combined with the solution used to wash the glass fiber filter and the combined solutions are treated with an acid which reduces all of the selenium present in the solution to metallic selenium which precipitates from solution.

Abstract: Unsaturated carboxylic acids are prepared by reacting the corresponding unsaturated aldehyde with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst of (a) molybdenum, (b) phosphorus, (c) antimony, (d) at least one element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, barium, chromium, lead, niobium, tantalum, tin, nickel, iron and zirconium, and (e) oxygen, and optionally (f) at least one element selected from the group consisting of strontium, titanium, germanium, cerium, and silver.

Abstract: Perfluoroaklyl iodides are prepared by reacting iodine, iodine pentafluoride and tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a fluoride catalyst selected from the group consisting of niobium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, boron fluoride, and molybdenum fluoride.

Abstract: A filter-press type electrodialysis apparatus imparts excellent uniform distribution of the liquid within the diluting and concentrating cells and low leakage of the liquid between the cells due to the fact that the liquid feeding or discharging means of the cells are formed separately from the body of the cell frame and of a rigid material having a thickness not more than and preferably less than the thickness of the cell frame body, which is formed of an elastic material, whereupon assembly of the elements, the cell frames are compressed together while the feeding or discharging means are substantially non-compressed, thereby preventing leakage.