Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device for measuring physical and/or chemical quantities, comprising a measuring transducer and an evaluating electronic unit interconnected by at least one light-conducting fiber, said evaluating electronic unit comprising one or more light sources for transmitting light via said fiber/fibers to at least one sensor element, forming a part of said transducer, said evaluating electronic unit also comprising one or more light detectors for detecting light emitted from said sensor element(s). The invention is characterized in that said at least one sensor element possesses a non-linear relationship between the incident light intensity illuminating the sensor element and the intensity of the light emitted from the sensor element, that said light source/light sources are arranged to emit light having at least two, non-identical light intensities, and that at the same time said detector/detectors are arranged to measure the light coming from the sensor element.

Abstract: A contactor has a movable contact assembly which is connected to the magnet armature in such a way that the contact assembly moves translatorily in the same direction as the armature between a closed and an open position. The contact assembly comprises a movable main contact with relatively small contact elements of silver alloy and a movable arcing contact with contact elements of silver-free material. The arcing contact makes and breaks the main current, whereas the main contact carries almost the entire current in closed position. The contacts have separate contact pressure springs. The contactor has at least one opening spring which is obliquely directed in relation to the direction of motion of the armature and is clamped between two bearing points, of which one is fixed whereas the other, upon operation of the electric switch, is displaced together with the armature in the same direction of motion.

Abstract: A method of controlling the internal tension of a web roll, in particular a paper web roll during winding of the roll in a winder having two, individually driven supporting rollers. The rotational speeds of the supporting rollers or their drive members are measured, whereby the speed signals are fed to control means for controlling the rotational speeds of the supporting rollers to maintain a desired speed difference therebetween for controlling the web tension wound into the roll.

Abstract: During continuous casting, the stream of molten metal poured into the mold is acted on by a static magnetic field so as to split the stream into smaller streams stirring the unsolidified metal in the mold.

Abstract: A method is described for producing castings and removing burrs produced during the casting at the parting line of the casting mold and in regions where cores are supported in core-supporting holes formed in the mold. The casting mold is so shaped that a well-defined burr, which includes a substantially uninterrupted flange projecting from the casting, is formed in the region of the casting which solidifies opposite the mold parting line. The mold may also be so shaped that a further well-defined burr, which includes a further substantially uninterrupted flange projecting from the casting, is formed in the region of the casting which solidifies where a core of the casting mold enters a core-supporting hole. After removal of the casting from the mold, the or each flange is removed by a mechanical cutting tool or by gas cutting, preferably by employing an industrial robot to effect relative movement between the flange and the flange-removing means.

Abstract: A tool for automatically mounting the halves of a split valve stem key in the bore of a spring-retaining washer and around the stem of a valve in a combustion engine. A tool is primarily intended to be used in combination with a handling robot. It comprises a pressure element for compressing a valve spring, magazines for the valve stem key halves, a transportation channel and a transportation member to bring the halves to the required position for assembly around the valve stem and in the washer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fiber optical measuring device for measuring physical quantities such as temperature and pressure, comprising a measuring transducer comprising a sensor material, an electronic unit comprising an evaluating electronic system, light sources and photo-detectors, and one or more optical fibers which connect said transducer to said electronic unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical measuring device for measuring physical quantities, comprising a measuring transducer and an evaluating electronic unit, interconnected by a light-transmitting system and photo-optic devices for coupling in light from a light source to the system, and for coupling out light from the system to photo-detector devices in the electronic unit. The measuring device comprises a first element for polarizing the light from the light source and a second element for polarizing the light to the photo-detector devices, the difference in the direction of polarization between the two polarizing elements being chosen so that light reflections in the system in and adjacent to the evaluating electronic unit are substantially blocked from the photo-detector devices by the second polarizing element.

Abstract: A puffer type circuit breaker is provided with a pump means consisting of a piston and a cylinder for producing a blast of arc-extinguishing gas. The movable arcing contact of the circuit breaker and the cylinder are connected to an operating device via a rod axially displaceable through an opening in the piston. In the piston there is arranged a check valve, which upon closing of the breaker opens for subsequent filling of the pump chamber with arc-extinguishing gas. The check valve comprises a guiding sleeve of a ductile material (e.g. polyetrafluoro ethylene), which sealingly surrounds the rod and is fixed with a certain axial mobility in the opening in the piston arranged for the rod. The sleeve controls (or is fixedly connected to) the movable valve means of the check valve and, in addition, serves as a seal and a bearing between the rod and the piston.

Abstract: Spent fuel rods from a nuclear reactor are enclosed in a body of copper, the fuel rods being embedded in copper powder in a copper container provided with a copper lid. The container with its contents and lid are then subjected to isostatic compression at a pressure and temperature sufficient to form a coherent dense mass unit of the powder, the container and the lid which embeds the fuel rods. The container can be enclosed in a sealed gas-tight capsule prior to the isostatic compression. A preliminary isostatic compression may be conducted at a lower temperature to effect creep deformation of the container, the lid and the powder.

Abstract: A method of joining together component parts of a solid, preferably metallic, material into a composite element by hot isostatic pressing involves forming the parts so that good contact is obtained between surfaces at a joint where the surfaces are to be joined together. The joint is covered by a layer of a powder or a mixture of powder with substantially the same composition as the material in the different component parts. This powder layer is covered by one or more layers of glass powder, which upon heating forms a gas-impermeable layer. Between the powder layer covering the joint and a glass powder layer nearest to said layer there may be applied an intermediate layer of a powder having a melting point which is above the temperature to be used for the isostatic pressing. The assembly of parts and layers is pressed isostatically in a known manner at such a temperature that diffusion bonding is achieved at the contact surfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for temperature control in a channel of an inductor unit of a channel-type induction furnace for iron or steel. The method is characterized in that the current intensity or the power is measured, and the measuring signal (I, P) is compared with a desired value (I.sub.b, P.sub.b) in a control means for controlling the power of the inductor, the power to the inductor being switched off or reduced at a value I>I.sub.b or P>P.sub.b, where I.sub.b or P.sub.b corresponds to a temperature at or near the Curie point of the iron/steel.In those cases where the inductor is supplied from a thyristor unit, the control can also be carried out so that a constant impedance, corresponding to the conditions at the Curie point, is maintained in the inductor circuit.

Abstract: For continuous casting with stirring of the molten metal in the mold, DC is passed lengthwise through the molten metal in the mold so as to effect the stirring.

Abstract: An electrical inductive apparatus, for example a transformer or a reactor, comprises a core and at least one winding wound around the core and formed of a plurality of superimposed turns of sheet-formed electrically-conducting material. The winding includes at least one element which, together with a surface of at least one of the turns of the winding, defines a plurality of channels for conducting an electrically-insulating fluid in contact with a part of said surface. These channels are defined between adjacent pairs of a plurality of connected together elongated spacing means of the element which are arranged in substantially parallel spaced relationship and which contact said surface. Each spacing means has a thickness which increases from a central region of the spacing means towards each of its opposite ends. This enables the turns of the winding to be flared out at their opposite ends in a suitable manner with respect to the electrical properties of the winding.

Abstract: A surge arrester comprises two or more surge arrester units which are electrically series-connected between a top terminal and a bottom terminal. Each surge arrester unit comprises a stack of metal oxide varistor blocks, the latter being distributed within the surge arrester so that the number of varistor blocks per unit length in the surge arrester unit which is nearest the bottom terminal is less than in the surge arrester unit which is nearest the top terminal. This enables a more even temperature distribution to be achieved throughout the length of the surge arrester especially in the case where the surge arrester is located where it is subjected to long-term external fouling or pollution.

Abstract: Device for simultaneous generation and detection of markings (e.g. handwriting) comprising at least one marking member and at least one optical sensor, which is arranged to sense at least one optical property of the surface on which the marking is being made, the marking member being arranged to change said at least one property of the surface on which the marking is made, said optical sensor being arranged to sense the direction of said marking relative to the orientation of the device.

Abstract: A magnetoelastic transducer comprises a plurality of sheets assembled together into a sheet package, the sheet package being provided in known manner with at least one excitation winding and at least one measuring winding. The sheet package comprises first sheets of non-magnetic material of austenitic steel, interleaved with second sheets of compound type, each of the sheets of compound type comprising an inner core layer of magnetic material, for example silicon steel, metallically connected on each of its sides to a respective outer layer of non-magnetic material of austenitic steel.

Abstract: Apparatus for positioning an arc furnace electrode which includes a verticle tubular electrode mast which is both horizontally and vertically movable. Inside the mast is a hydraulic cylinder which has a double-acting piston. When the mast is in its uppermost position it may be locked whereby hydraulic fluid is removed from above the piston. Fluid is then introduced below the piston to raise it and the piston rod to a level above the furnace platform such that the mast can be moved horizontally over the platform.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring signal transmission device for transmitting signals between a rotating portion and a rotationally stationary portion, for example in a large electrical machine. The rotationally stationary portion is journalled to the rotating portion in such a way as to accompany the latter portion in its axial and radial movements, and light is arranged to be transmitted in both directions between the rotating portion and the rotationally stationary portion by light conductors at the center axis of rotation and/or at specified radii and at least one light-conducting fiber is located in the rotating portion and at least one light-conducting fiber is located in the rotationally stationary portion, whereby the light signal transmission is arranged to take place between fibers located at the same radii in both portions.

Abstract: A sheet winding (7) in a transformer is made with double-curved conductor sheets. Some of the winding turns are mutually different as regards the curvature visible in an axial section. This has been achieved by arranging a number of filling members at each one of the end surfaces of the winding. Each filling member contains several turns of a filling tape (14), which are evenly distributed in a group of mutually adjacently positioned winding turns wound from a conductor sheet (9). Because the filling tape has different degrees of overlap in the different turns of the conductor sheet (9), the filling member will have approximately the same effect as a filling body which, in axial section, exhibits a wedge-shaped cross-section area.