Abstract: A fingerprint and token sensor system includes an array of fingerprint sensing elements for generating signals related to a fingerprint based upon a finger being positioned adjacent the sensing elements, and a token for also causing the sensing elements to generate signals related to a token message based upon the token being positioned adjacent the sensing elements. Accordingly, the single sensor may be used for both fingerprints and for reading data from a token for range of useful purposes. Each fingerprint sensing element may preferably include an electric field sensing electrode, and a shield associated with a respective electric field sensing electrode. A drive circuit may be connected to the array of electric field sensing electrodes for driving same. The sensor is preferably in the form of an integrated circuit and includes a substrate adjacent the array of fingerprint sensing elements.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor includes an array of fingerprint sensing elements and associated active circuits and an impedance matrix filter connected to the active circuits for filtering the signals. The impedance matrix filter preferably comprises a plurality of impedance elements with a respective impedance element connectable between each the active circuit for each fingerprint sensing element and at least one other active circuit for an adjacent fingerprint sensing element. The impedance matrix filter may also include a plurality of switches with a respective switch connected in series with each impedance element. In one embodiment, the switches may be selectively operated to determine ridge flow directions of the fingerprint image. In addition, the ridge flow directions may be used to determined a core location of the fingerprint image. The switches may also be selectively operated to convert a gray scale fingerprint image to a binarized fingerprint image.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for expandable biometric searching are provided. The apparatus preferably includes a database having a plurality of biometric data groups. Each of the plurality of biometric data groups includes a plurality of biometric records stored therein, and each of the biometric records includes at least one biometric index and biometric data associated with the at least one biometric index. The apparatus also includes a plurality of biometric searching engines. Each of the plurality of biometric searching engines preferably include a data group manager connected to the plurality of biometric data groups for managing the plurality of data groups. The data group manager includes multi-dimensional search space constructing means for constructing a multi-dimensional search space and internal map constructing means for constructing internal maps for each data group being managed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for expandable biometric searching are provided. The method preferably includes forming a plurality of biometric records. Each of the biometric records includes at least one biometric index and biometric data associated with the at least one biometric index. The method also includes assigning each of the plurality of biometric records to a plurality of biometric data groups so that each of the plurality of biometric data groups includes a full range of biometric indexes and about the same number of biometric records. Each of the plurality of biometric data groups is preferably uncorrelated to the biometric indexes. The method further preferably includes assigning each of the plurality of biometric data groups to a plurality of biometric searching engines so that each of the plurality of biometric data groups is assigned to only one of the plurality of biometric searching engines.

Abstract: A method for indexing and searching a plurality of reference fingerprints to determine if a sample fingerprint matches one of the reference fingerprints includes the steps of: determining respective index values for the reference fingerprints and the sample fingerprint based upon characteristics of the fingerprints and with the index values being generally evenly distributed and continuous over a relatively large population of individuals; selecting a first subset of the reference fingerprints having index values in a first range relative to the index value of the sample fingerprint; and comparing the sample fingerprint to each fingerprint of the first subset of reference fingerprints to thereby determine if there is a match between the sample fingerprint and one of the reference fingerprints and without comparing the sample fingerprint to all of the reference fingerprints.

Abstract: A system having enhanced security includes: a plurality of components; at least one security circuit associated with at least one component; and at least one master circuit associated with at least one component and connected in communication with the security circuit. More particularly, the security circuit when in the virgin state is switchable to a desired enrolled state for the master circuit. The master circuit according to one aspect of the invention preferably determines if the security circuit is in the virgin state and switches the security circuit to the desired enrolled state. The master circuit also preferably prevents operation of the system responsive to a security circuit being in an enrolled state other than the desired enrolled state for the master circuit. A security circuit may be restored to the virgin state in response to a user token or a fingerprint of the user. Method aspects of the invention are also disclosed.