Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the generation of steam via the use of a combustion process to produce heat and, in one embodiment, to a device, system and/or method that enables one to control one or more process parameters of a combustion process so as to yield at least one desirable change in at least one downstream parameter. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a system and/or method for controlling at least one process parameter of a combustion process so as to yield at least one desirable change in at least one downstream process parameter associated with one or more of a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, a particulate collection device and/or control of additives thereto and/or a nitrogen oxide control device and/or control of additives thereto and/or additives to the system.

Abstract: A coal nozzle assembly for a pulverized coal burner includes a diffuser. A flow conditioner also may be used with the assembly. The assembly conditions the coal/air flow before the coal/air flow is introduced to the furnace. The flow conditioner directs the coal into the diffuser where it is swirled to form a fuel rich outer ring disposed about an air rich inner portion before the fuel is delivered to the coal nozzle.

Abstract: Methods of reducing emissions levels during steady-state conditions are disclosed for use with a dry scrubber desulfurization system. A dry calcium hydroxide powder is injected into the gas flowpath and watered in the spray dryer absorber. The resulting slurry is then deposited on the filter bags in the baghouse. This can be done at lower temperatures than the spray dryer absorber would otherwise be operable, enabling desulfurization to occur earlier in the combustion process, particularly during startup of a cold boiler at ambient temperature. The operation of the boiler can also be backed up, made up, trimmed, or augmented depending on various operating scenarios.

Abstract: Methods of reducing emissions levels during upset periods such as startup are disclosed for use with a dry scrubber desulfurization system. A dry calcium hydroxide powder is injected into the gas flowpath and hydrated in the spray dryer absorber. The resulting hydrated powder is then deposited on the filter bags in the baghouse. This can be done at lower temperatures than the spray dryer absorber would otherwise be operable, enabling desulfurization to occur earlier in the combustion process, such as during startup of a cold combustion system at ambient temperature. The operation of the combustion system can also be backed up, made up, trimmed, or augmented depending on various operating scenarios.

Abstract: A regenerative oxidant heater internal arrangement, including a system and method for use thereof, utilizing a unique recycle oxy-combustion methodology which includes at least two primary combustion oxidant sectors placed adjacent to both the flue gas side as well as a secondary oxidant sector positioned between the two primary sectors.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emissions control and, in particular to a new and useful method and/or system by which to control, treat and/or mitigate various liquid-based acidic compounds that are produced during oxy-combustion (e.g., during a compression step and/or cooling step) from various gaseous acid compounds and/or gaseous acid precursor compounds (e.g., SOx, NOx, etc.). In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and/or system by which such one or more liquid-based acid compounds are recycled into the flue gases and/or into one or more of the emissions control and/or flue gas treatment equipment of an oxy-combustion power generation system.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for reducing or preventing the poisoning and/or contamination of an SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention is designed to protect the SCR catalyst. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for increasing the service life and/or catalytic activity of an SCR catalyst while simultaneously controlling various emissions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing an amine-based absorption compound for flue gas, or combustion gas, CO2 capture, according to embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, CO2 is delivered from a wet, or dry, flue gas scrubber to an absorber. The amine-based absorption compound is introduced in an aqueous solution to the absorber, which is located downstream of the wet, or dry, flue gas scrubber. In some embodiments, the CO2-laden amine-based absorption compound is then subjected to a regeneration step to regenerate the CO2-laden amine-based absorption compound and strip out absorbed CO2. In some embodiments, energy is supplied to a stripper through a reboiler to accomplish the regeneration step.

Abstract: An in-situ forced oxidation wet flue gas desulfurization apparatus, method and arrangement for utilization with oxy-fuel combustion power plants. The apparatus is a tower-like structure having a flue gas scrubbing zone and a reaction zone located subjacent to the gas scrubbing zone. A sulfur oxide absorbing liquid slurry is supplied to the gas scrubbing zone to react with and scrub the sulfur oxides from the flue gas. The partially reacted liquid slurry reagent and the scrubbed products drain into the reaction zone, rising to a set level. Oxidation air is introduced into the liquid slurry in the reaction zone to force the in-situ oxidation of sulfur compounds collected in the reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the generation of steam via the use of a combustion process to produce heat and, in one embodiment, to a device, system and/or method that enables one to control one or more process parameters of a combustion process so as to yield at least one desirable change in at least one downstream parameter. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a system and/or method for controlling at least one process parameter of a combustion process so as to yield at least one desirable change in at least one downstream process parameter associated with one or more of a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, a particulate collection device and/or control of additives thereto and/or a nitrogen oxide control device and/or control of additives thereto and/or additives to the system.

Abstract: An improved wet scrubber tray provides increased resistance to vibration-induced cracking. The self-supporting tray eliminates wastage of raw material, and additional internal stiffeners added to the tray make multiple intermediate stiffeners. The connection of the intermediate stiffeners to the perforated bottom plate is changed to eliminate the shop weld in the bottom plate. The holes in the perforated bottom plate are moved away from the boundaries of the tray to reduce their influence on boundary conditions. Trays are held down by plate material that is attached to the support grid, but not to the trays. Three field welds are applied to the sides of each tray to hold the trays in place relative to each other and are strategically placed to allow adjacent side stiffeners to act together as a composite section. Elastomeric material is used at the tray-to-grid attachments increases the damping of the system.

Abstract: An economizer arrangement particularly suitable for new or retrofit application to existing steam generators provides a water cooled stringer support tube system which can accommodate firing a wide range of fuels with varying characteristics in the steam generator. The economizer arrangement according to the present invention is particularly suited for retrofit applications to large supercritical steam generators. The use of water cooled stringer tube supports allows for higher flue gas temperatures in comparison to conventional non-cooled mechanical economizer supports. These features are provided in a design which fits within the existing economizer envelope of the steam generator.

Abstract: A circulating dry scrubber flue gas desulfurization system is disclosed. Hydrated lime is injected into the flue gas upstream of the CDS vessel. The flue gas then passes through a baghouse, where solids are captured. At least a portion of the solids are recycled. The recycle path runs from the baghouse to a splitter, where the solids are divided between the injection points. No distribution box is needed, which permits lowering the height and/or restructuring the location of many components of the system, reducing costs as well as improving or maintaining removal of combustion byproducts from the flue gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for preventing the poisoning and/or contamination of an SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention is designed to protect an SCR catalyst, while simultaneously providing emission control.

Abstract: A non-mechanical valve arrangement for use with circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has a CFB reaction chamber and a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) within an enclosure in the lower portion of the CFB reaction chamber, the BFB containing an in-bed heat exchanger (IBHX). Solids flowing from the BFB enclosure to the CFB reaction chamber may be controlled using one or more non-mechanical valves. Each non-mechanical valve is independently controlled using independently controlled fluidizing means. The non-mechanical valve has collectors to collect solids backsifting into the fluidizing means of the valve. Agglomerates are removed which could block the valve. Channel walls parallel to the direction of solids flow through the valve opening may be provided to reduce external interference with local fluidization to maintain the proper functionality of the non-mechanical valve.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for reducing or preventing the poisoning and/or contamination of an SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention is designed to protect the SCR catalyst. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for increasing the service life and/or catalytic activity of an SCR catalyst while simultaneously controlling various emissions.

Abstract: A radiant synthesis gas (syngas) cooler used to contain and cool the synthesis gas produced by a coal gasification process used in an IGCC power plant employs a compact radial platen arrangement which is less prone to fouling and/or plugging issues.

Abstract: An economizer arrangement particularly suitable for new or retrofit application to existing steam generators provides a water cooled stringer support tube system which can accommodate firing a wide range of fuels with varying characteristics in the steam generator. The economizer arrangement according to the present invention is particularly suited for retrofit applications to large supercritical steam generators. The use of water cooled stringer tube supports allows for higher flue gas temperatures in comparison to conventional non-cooled mechanical economizer supports. These features are provided in a design which fits within the existing economizer envelope of the steam generator.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler includes a reaction chamber, where a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) is contained within an enclosure within the lower portion of the reaction chamber and contains an in-bed heat exchanger (IBHX) that occupies part of the reaction chamber floor. A plurality of in-bed secondary air nozzles comprise a plurality of tubes which are grouped together and run across the width of the BFB between the BFB enclosure wall and an outside wall of the CFB. The nozzles are positioned to prevent the deflection of solids falling onto the BFB from the CFB by the secondary air jets while avoiding a complicated structure that would interfere with gas and/or solids movement in the furnace. The nozzles' exit openings are flush, or almost flush, with the BFB enclosure wall.

Abstract: A combustion air system particularly useful for Kraft process recovery boilers or soda process recovery boilers has a level of liquor air ports located above the black liquor guns, and multiple levels of tertiary air formed by substantially vertically aligned tertiary air ports located above the black liquor guns. The liquor air ports and the tertiary air ports are on the same opposing walls of the furnace and are substantially vertically aligned with air ports in the same wall at different levels. The liquor air ports are located just above the black liquor guns, within a range of about ½ foot to about four feet. The tertiary air ports are laterally offset with respect to the tertiary air ports on the opposing wall of the furnace.