Abstract: An improved process for the production of aldehydes and alcohols by the oxo process comprising the reaction of olefinically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures and elevated pressures in the presence of carbonyl complexes of metals in Group VIII of the Periodic Table modified by trisubstituted organic phosphines and in the presence of alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, the improvement comprising the use of modifying agents which consist of trisubstituted organic phosphines containing one or more carboxylic acid groups, at least one of which is present in the form of its alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.

Abstract: Polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous suspension in the presence of free-radical initiators of short half-life at pH's below 8. The temperature of the reactor wall must not be more than 20.degree.C above the temperature of the polymerization mixture during the heat-up phase and it must be lower than the temperature of the polymerization mixture during the subsequent polymerization phase. This procedure suppresses the formation of incrustations in the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the electrophilic substitution of nitrosamines on the carbon atom in the .alpha.-position to the amino nitrogen by metallizing the nitrosamine of a secondary amine and then reacting it with an electrophilic reagent.

Abstract: Mixtures of aqueous synthetic rubber dispersions of alkali-insoluble copolymers of minor amounts of ethylenically unsaturated monomers (a) which form water-soluble hompolymers and major amounts of ethylenically unsaturated monomers (b) which form water-insoluble homopolymers have large particle size and are less viscous and easier to process than aqueous dispersions of the same solids concentration having small particle size.

Abstract: Particulate expandable styrene polymers requiring short residence times in the mold are obtained by polymerizing styrene and, optionally, other copolymerizable monomers in the presence of expanding agents and from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of a brominated oligomer or polymer of a 1,3-diene for at least part of the time at temperatures of from 110.degree. to 140.degree.C.

Abstract: Azo pigments derived from 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-naphthalene and containing a substituted or unsubstituted phthalimide radical. The majority give red colorations and due to their excellent fastness properties are particularly valuable for use in surface coatings and resins.

Abstract: A process for the production of a high melting point thermoplastic polymer flame-proofed by melt-blending with a lactam-impregnated red phosphorus as the essential retardant at temperatures above 200.degree. C. and the resulting flame-proofed thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula: ##SPC1##In whichR is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aralkyl;R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 is each hydrogen or a substituent;R.sup.7 is hydrogen or alkoxy;R.sup.8 is hydrogen or alkoxy;n is zero or 1;X.sup.- is an anion; andR.sup.1 and R.sup.8 may together be a radical: ##SPC2##Where R.sup.9 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy; and at least one of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 is arylmercapto.The dyes give bright colorations, particularly on polyesters and in resins.

Abstract: Manufacture of molded articles of foamed ethylene copolymers containing, attached to the polymer chain, substituents having Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms, and a binder mix containing isocyanate groups, wherein the components are mixed and the mixture is compressed in molds to from 80 to 20% of its original bulk volume and is cured under pressure.

Abstract: A pulverulent coating agent which consists of a mixture of:A. a compound having at least two aziridine ring groupings per molecule;B a binder which contains hydroxyl groups and which is solid at ambient temperature; and optionallyC one or more other additives.The coating agent is particularly suitable for powder coating metal surfaces.

Abstract: An aqueous pigment dispersion which contains (a) pigment, (b) a water-soluble surfactant and water and a water-retaining agent in which (b) is a reaction product of a polyhydroxyl compound with from 3 to 50 moles of propylene oxide and from 2 to 70 moles of ethylene oxide per equivalent of hydroxyl. The dispersions give bright and deep-shade emulsion paints or distempers containing cellulose ethers.

Abstract: Lactones of the benzazaxanthene series based on 4-dialkylaminobenzoic acid compounds and homophthalic acid imides. The new lactones are eminently suitable as dye-forming components in the red range for pressure-sensitive recording material.

Abstract: A process for the mass coloration of polyamide chips in which a dye of the formula ##SPC1##In which R is hydrogen or chloro is used. The dye is absorbed quantitatively or virtually quantitatively from the aqueous phase. After shaping, pure blue colorations are obtained having great thermal stability.

Abstract: Azo pigments having 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3-cyanopyridine or 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methyl-3-carbamolpyridine as coupling component and a heterocyclic substituted aniline as diazo component. The pigments have the formula ##SPC1##In whichR is cyano or carbamoyl;A is an unsubstituted or substituted benzene ring; andB is a heterocyclic ring which is fused with the benzene ring and which contains at least one --NH-- and --CO-- or at least one --NH--CO-- group. Compounds of this formula as pigments are eminently suitable for coloring printing inks, surface coatings and resins.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the manufacture of predominantly straight-chain aldehydes by hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds of 2 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in which, in a first stage, aqueous cobalt solutions are treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures of 50.degree. to 200.degree.C and pressures of 100 to 400 atmospheres in the presence of active charcoal, zeolites or basic ion exchangers which are charged with cobalt carbonyl, in a second stage cobalt carbonyl-hydride is extracted from the reaction mixtures thus obtained, at temperatures of 20.degree. to 180.degree.

Abstract: A process for the production of 2-methyl-4-halobut-2-en-1-als by reacting 2-methylbut-3-en-1-al-2-ol or an acetal or acylate thereof at a temperature of from -10.degree.C to +100.degree.C in the presence of copper or a copper salt with the appropriate hydrogen halides.

Abstract: Microcapsules, particularly for the use in the manufacture of "no carbon required" copying material, which microcapsules contain as core material not only dye precursors but also mono- or poly-alkyl-substituted indans.

Abstract: Production of carbonyl compounds substituted in the .alpha.-position and having the formula: ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl, aralkyl, phenyl, toluyl, naphthyl, alkoxy or amino; R.sup.2 is hydrogen ##EQU2## A is hydrogen, alkyl, halo or ##EQU3## R.sup.6 is hydrogen or methyl, and R.sup.11 is alkyl; wherein said compounds are formed by reacting a sulfur ylide having the formula: ##EQU4## wherein Y is the radical ##EQU5## and R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are alkyl or phenyl, with a solution containing both an electrophilic agent A' that is converted into the radical A and a nucleophilic agent B' that is converted into the radical B. The resulting carbonyl compounds are useful as starting materials for the production of paper, textile, and leather auxiliaries, plant protection agents, alkyd resins, polyesters and polyamides.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of poly(.alpha.-olefins) by polymerization of .alpha.-olefins using a catalyst system comprising (1) a titanium-containing component of (1.1) a substance of the formula TiCl.sub.3 . 1/3 AlCl.sub.3 and (1.2) an organic electron donor containing phosphorus atoms and/or nitrogen atoms, ground together with said substance (1.1), and (2) an aluminum-containing component of a substance of formula Al(C.sub.n H.sub.2 ..sub.n.sub.+1).sub.3 or Al(C.sub.n H.sub.2..sub.n.sub.+1).sub.2 Cl, where n is an integer of from 2 to 6. The characteristic feature is that the catalyst system used is one in which the component (1.1) has been ground with component (1.2) without the use of auxiliaries or additives in a vibratory ball mill using specific steel balls and a specific grinding acceleration over a specific period of time at a temperature which is just below that at which the particles in the ground material begin to agglomerate.

Abstract: Production of a homogeneous mixture of plastics materials in powder form by subjecting a molten inhomogeneous mixture of two or more plastics to a maximum shear velocity of from 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.8 sec.sup.-.sup.1 for from 10.sup..sup.-2 to 10.sup..sup.-6 seconds; the pulverulent mixtures obtained are used in rotary sintering and injection molding.