Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by Formula [I]: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or the like; R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, NRaRb, a phenyl group, a lower alkyl group substituted with a phenyl group, a 4-to 7-membered aliphatic heterocyclic group, a lower alkyl group substituted with a 4- to 7-membered aliphatic heterocyclic group, a 5-or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, a lower alkyl group substituted with a 5-or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, or the like; and R5 is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a lower alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides the compounds represented by formula (I): or pharmaceutical salts thereof, wherein: X1 represents oxygen atoms and the like, X2 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, X3 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, X4 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, R1 represents formula (II-1): wherein X5 represents sulfur atoms and the like, A1 represents carbon atoms and the like, A2 represents nitrogen atoms and the like and A ring represents phenyl group and the like, having mGluR1 inhibiting effect, and being useful for preventing or treating convulsion, acute pain, inflammatory pain, chronic pain, brain disorder such as cerebral infarction or transient ischemick attack, psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia, anxiety, drug dependence, Parkinson's disease, or gastrointestinal disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, which are useful for treatment and/or prevention of diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus complications or obesity, since the compounds have glucokinase-activating effects, and are presented in Formula (I): wherein R1 represents a carbamoyl group; R2 represents a lower alkyl group; both of X1 and X2 represent CH, or any one of X1 and X2 represents a nitrogen atom and the other represents CH; a group of represents a group selected from the group consisting of a pyridinyl, a pyrazinyl, a pyrazolyl, a thiadiazolyl, a triazolyl, an isoxazolyl and a thiazolyl group; and k is zero or 1, or relates to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound or its pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of formula (I) wherein R1 represents a lower alkyl group et al; R2 and R3 are same and different and represents hydrogen atm et al; R4 represents the substituent of the formula (II) et al; X1 represents NH, O or S; Y represents N or C; Ar is a divalent substituent derived from aryl et al, by removing two hydrogen atoms therefrom; the ring A represents a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group; this compounds has a histamine-H3 receptor antagonistic effect or a histamine-H3 receptor inverse-agonistic effect and is useful for preventive or remedy of metabolic system diseases, circulatory system diseases or nervous system diseases.

Abstract: A compound represented by, e.g. the formula (I): [wherein X, Y, Z, and W each independently represent optionally substituted methine; A, B, and D each independently represent —C(O)—, etc.; Q represents a methine or a nitrogen; and R represents the formula (II-1), optionally substituted with lower alkyl, etc.; (wherein R6 represents a lower alkyl, etc; and R7 and R8 each independently represents a lower alkyl, etc.)] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound. The compounds and salt have antagonistic activity against a histamine H3 receptor or inverse agonistic activity against a histamine H3 receptor. They are useful in the prevention or treatment of metabolic diseases, circulatory diseases, or neurotic diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula I: wherein: R1 is a hydrogen atom, F, CN, etc.; R1? is a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl which may be substituted; R2 is O, S, SO, SO2, etc.; R3 is a phenyl which may be substituted; X1, X2, and X3 each independently CH, N, etc. provided, however, that among X1, X2 and X3, the number of nitrogen is 0 or 1; W is the following residue: wherein: W1, W2, and W3 each independently CH, N, etc., or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides the compounds represented by formula (I): (I) or pharmaceutical salts thereof, wherein: X1 represents oxygen atoms and the like, X2 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, X3 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, X4 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, R1 represents formula (II-1): wherein X5 represents sulfur atoms and the like, A1 represents carbon atoms and the like, A2 represents nitrogen atoms and the like and A ring represents phenyl group and the like, having mGluR1 inhibiting effect, and being usefull for preventing or treating convulsion, acute pain, inflammatory pain, chronic pain, brain disorder such as cerebral infarction or transient ischemick attack, psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia, anxiety, drug dependence, Parkinson's disease, or gastrointestinal disorder.

Abstract: A novel process is provided for the preparation of chiral trans-2,3-disubstituted 5-oxotetrahydropyrans of structural formula (I): wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl and P is a primary amine protecting group. These compounds are useful in the synthesis of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Also provided are useful intermediates obtained from the process.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I) is contained as an active ingredient: wherein R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or the like, or R1 together with a nitrogen atom to which L, Z2 and R1 are attached may form an aliphatic nitrogenated heterocyclic group and R1 and R2 together with a nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form an aliphatic nitrogenated heterocyclic group; X represents a methine group or a nitrogen atom; Y represents —CH2—O—, —CH?CH— or the like; Z1 represents a single bond, a C1-4 alkylene group or the like; Z2 represents a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group; L represents a methylene group, a C3-8 cycloalkylene group or the like; and Ar represents an aromatic carbocyclic group or the like. The compound is useful as a pharmaceutical for a central nerves system disease, a cardiovascular disease or a metabolic disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R1 is a linear or branched alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a linear or branched lower alkyl group, etc.; R2 is halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, etc.; Q1 is carbon atom or nitrogen atom; Q2 is carbon atom which may be substituted with oxo group; the formula (III): ??(II) is a single bond or a double bond; A is a group selected from the group consisting of the substitutent group ?; and R5 is hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, cyano group, an alkoxy group or a trialkylsilyl group; having an mGluR1 inhibiting action and being useful as treatment and/or prevention of convulsion, acute pain, cerebral disturbance such as cerebral infarction or transient cerebral ischemia onset, anxiety, chemical dependency or Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: Provided are cycloalkanopyridine derivatives of formula [I]: [wherein the symbols are the same as those stated in the description]. The compounds act as a nociceptin receptor antagonist, and are useful as medicines for diseases associated with a nociceptin receptor, for example, as a reliever against tolerance to a narcotic analgesic; a reliever against dependence on or addiction to a narcotic analgesic; an analgesic enhancer; an antiobesitic or appetite suppressor; a treating or prophylactic agent for cognitive impairment and dementia/amnesia; an agent for treating developmental cognitive abnormality; a remedy for schizophrenia; an agent for treating neurodegenerative diseases; an anti-depressant or treating agent for affective disorder; a treating or prophylactic agent for diabetes insipidus; a treating or prophylactic agent for polyuria; or a remedy for hypotension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the general formula (I): wherein m1 and m2 are 1, 2, or 3; n1 and n2 are 0 or 1; i is an integer of any of 1 to m1; j is an integer of 1 to m2; R is aryl, heteroaryl, or cycloalkyl any of which may be substituted; Rai and Rai? is hydrogen atom, etc. and Rbj and Rbj? is hydrogen atom, etc.; Rc, Rd, and Re are hydrogen atom, etc; X1 is CH, CX1a, or N; X2 is CH, N, etc.; X3 is CH, N, etc.; X4 is CH or N; Y1, Y2, and Y3 are each independently CH or N; Z1 and Z2 are each independently CH or N; W is a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group such as pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, etc., or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof; a pharmaceutical composition or antitumor agent containing the same; and combinations of the antitumor agent with other antitumor agent(s).

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of a general formula (I): wherein Ar1 is an optionally-substituted aryl or heteroaromatic group; R1 is an optionally-substituted lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl or cyclo-lower alkyl group, or is an aryl, aralkyl or heteroaromatic group optionally having a substituent; R2 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group or a lower alkynyl group, or is an aryl, aralkyl or heteroaromatic group optionally having a substituent; R3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R4 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group or a group of —N(R1k)R1m; T and U are a nitrogen atom or a methine group, etc. The compounds of the invention have excellent Weel kinase-inhibitory effect and are therefore useful in the field of medicines, especially treatment of various cancers.

Abstract: Provided are a histamine-H3 receptor antagonist; and a preventive and/or a remedy for metabolic system diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hormone secretion disorder, hyperlipemia, gout, fatty liver, circulatory system diseases, for example, stenocardia, acute/congestive cardiac insufficiency, cardiac infarction, coronary arteriosclerosis, hypertension, nephropathy, sleep disorder and various diseases accompanied by sleep disorder such as idiopathic hypersomnia, repetitive hypersomnia, true hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep periodic acromotion disorder, sleep apnea syndrome, circadian rhythm disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, REM sleep disorder, senile insomnia, night worker sleep insanitation, idiopathic insomnia, repetitive insomnia, true insomnia, electrolyte metabolism disorder; and central and peripheral nervous system diseases such as bulimia, emotional disorder, melancholia, anxiety, epilepsy, delirium, dementia, shinzophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, memory disorder, Alzheimer's diseas

Abstract: Disclosed is an aryl-substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound represented by the formula (I) below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. This compound serves as nociceptin receptor antagonist and is useful as a pharmaceutical agent for treating diseases associated with a nociceptin receptor. (I) [in the formula, A1, A2 and A3 independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, and one or two of A1, A2 and A3 represent a carbon atom; R1 represents a lower alkyl group or the like; R2 represents a phenyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom or the like; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or the like; and R4 represents a lower alkyl group or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) wherein A, B and C are independently methine, said methine being optionally substituted; D is nitrogen; T, U, V and W are independently methine or nitrogen, said methine being optionally substituted and least two of T, U, V and W are said methine groups; X is —N(SO2R4)—, N(COR5)— or —CO—; Y is C(R6)(R7)—, —O— or —N(R8) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or N-oxide derivative thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by the formula (I) below, which has a glucokinase-activating effect and is thus useful for treatment of diabetes or obesity, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In the formula, R1 represents an aryl or the like; R11 represents an aryl or the like; R2 represents a formyl or the like, R3 represents a C1-6 alkyl or the like; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; Z1 represents —O— or the like; Z2 represents —O— or the like; Y1-Y4 respectively represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom; ring A represents a heteroaryl group; X represents a carbon atom or the like; m represents an integer of 0-2; and q represents an integer of 0-2.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a form I crystal of 2-methyl 3-{4-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]phenyl}-5-trifluoromethyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone that is useful for example in the treatment of sleep disorders or various sleep disorder-associated diseases.

Abstract: To clarify histamine receptor H3 protein function in vivo, the present inventors constructed a nonhuman higher animal in which the expression of a histamine receptor H3 gene was artificially inhibited. As a result, the present inventors found that this nonhuman higher animal showed increased body weight, food intake, blood insulin level, or blood leptin level compared with a control. Thus, the present inventors found that abnormalities in the histamine receptor H3 protein relate to diseases characterized by changes in body weight or food intake, and this has made it possible to screen drugs for treatment or prevention of these diseases, and to examine these diseases.

Abstract: The present inventors conducted a similarity search of the amino acid sequence of known G protein-coupled receptor proteins in GenBank, and obtained a novel human GPCR gene “BG37”, cDNA containing the ORF of the gene was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Moreover, novel GPCR “BG37” genes from mouse and rat were isolated. Use of the novel GPCR of the present invention enables screening of ligands, compounds inhibiting the binding to a ligand, and candidate compounds of pharmaceuticals which can regulate signal transduction from the “BG37” receptor.