Abstract: Compounds having glucokinase activating effects and being useful as treatments for diabetes, which are represented by the following formula (I): [wherein X1 represents oxygen, etc., X2 represents oxygen, etc., R1 represents a group on Ring A such as alkylsulfonyl, etc., R2 represents C3-7 cyclic alkyl optionally substituted with a halogen, etc., R3 represents a substituent on Ring B such as lower alkyl, etc., formula (II): [Chemical Formula 1] represents 6- to 10-membered aryl, etc., and formula (III): [Formula 1] represents monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl optionally having on Ring B a substituent represented by R3 above, wherein the carbon atom of Ring B which is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amide group of formula (I) forms a C?N bond with the nitrogen atom of the ring], as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Abstract: The invention provides pyridone derivatives represented by a general formula (I) [in the formula, R1 and R2 may be same or different and stands for H, etc., or R1 and R2 may form an aliphatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group together with the N to which they bind; X1-X3 may be same or different and stand for methine or N, provided not all of them simultaneously stand for nitrogen; X4-X7 may be same or different and stand for methine or N, provided that three or more of them do not simultaneously stand for N; Y1 and Y3 may be same or different and stand for single bond, —O—, —NR—, —S—, etc; Y2 stands for lower lkylene, etc.; R stands for H, etc., L stands for methylene; Z1 and Z2 may be same or different and stand for single bond or lower alkylene; or R1, L and Z2 may form an aliphatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group with the N to which R1 binds; and Ar stands for aromatic carbocyclic group, etc.].

Abstract: The invention provides melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonists containing as the active ingredient piperidine derivatives represented by the general formula [I]: [wherein R1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower alkyl, or the like; R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b and R6 each stands for hydrogen, halogen, or the like; W1 and W2 each independently stands for —O—, —CH2—, or the like; Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 stand for —CH—, —CF—, —N—, or the like; Z stands for lower alkyl, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or the like; Ar is a mono- or bi-cyclic aliphatic heterocycle or an aromatic heterocycle; and n is an integer of 1 to 8]. The compounds act as antagonist against melanin-concentrating hormone receptor and are useful as drugs for central diseases, circulatory diseases, or metabolic diseases.

Abstract: A glucokinase activator is provided; and a remedy and/or a preventive for diabetes, or a remedy and/or a preventive for diabetes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neurosis, ischemic cardiopathy, arteriosclerosis, and further a remedy and/or a preventive for obesity are provided. A glucokinase activator characterized by containing a 2-heteroaryl-substituted benzimidazole derivative of a general formula (I-0) or its pharmaceutically-acceptable salt: [in the formula, X represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom; X1, X2, X3 and X4 each independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom; the ring A represents a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic hetero ring of a formula (II): (in the formula, X represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom); R1 represents an aryl, etc.; R2 represents a hydroxy, etc.; R3 represents a —C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R4 represents a —C1-6 alkyl, etc.; X5 represents —O—, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by formula (I), which has a GPR120 agonist action and thus is useful for treatment of diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In the formula, (AA) represents a phenyl or the like, which may be substituted with a lower alkoxy group or the like; (BB) represents a divalent group or the like, derived by removal of two hydrogen atoms from a benzene which may be substituted with a halogen atom or the like; X represents a spacer having a main chain composed of 1-8 carbon atoms wherein 1-3 carbon atoms in the main chain may be substituted with an oxygen atom or the like; and Y represents a hydrogen atom or the like.

Abstract: The present inventors conducted a similarity search of the amino acid sequence of known G protein-coupled receptor proteins in GenBank, and obtained a novel human GPCR gene “BG37”. cDNA containing the ORF of the gene was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Moreover, novel GPCR “BG37” genes from mouse and rat were isolated. Use of the novel GPCR of the present invention enables screening of ligands, compounds inhibiting the binding to a ligand, and candidate compounds of pharmaceuticals which can regulate signal transduction from the “BG37” receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by Formula [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof: wherein: X1, X2, X3, and X4, which may be identical or different, are each C or N, provided that none to two of X1, X2, X3, and X4 is/are N; Y is CH or N; R1, R1?, R2, R2?, R3, R3?, R4, and R4?, which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or the like; R5 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R6 and R7, which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or the like; R8 and R8?, which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or the like; R9 is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group which may be substituted; and n is an integer from 1 to 3, and a PLK1 inhibitor or an anticancer agent containing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by Formula [I]: wherein X is O, S, NH or CH2; Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5, which may be identical or different, are each CH or N; however, at least one of Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 is N; Z1 and Z2, which may be identical or different, are each CH or N; n is an integer from 1 to 3; R1 is a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, or a bicyclic aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group; R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group, a C6-C10 aryl group, an aromatic heterocyclic ring, or the like; and R4 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, and a selective inhibitor against Cdk4 and/or Cdk6 or an anticancer agent containing the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: There are provided non-human primate and rat GPR103 genes and proteins and a compound evaluation method employing the genes or proteins. There are also provided highly useful novel ligands for functional analysis of the GPR103 genes and proteins and for the compound evaluation. The nucleic acids or proteins having the sequences listed as SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 4 provide non-human primate or rat GPR103 genes and proteins and information based on the genes and proteins. The genes and proteins can be used for evaluation of compounds. The nucleic acids or proteins having the sequence listed as SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6 provide a GPR103 ligand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I): wherein A, B, C and D each independently are a methine group or a nitrogen atom, said methine group optionally having a substituent(s) with at least one of them meaning the methine group; E means a group represented by the following formulae (E1): R1 means a lower alkyl group or an aryl group optionally having a substituent(s) or means a lower alkylene group linked to arbitrary, linkable position(s) of E, and others. The compounds of the present invention are useful as an agent for the treatment of a variety of diseases related to NPY.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I): (wherein A, B, C and D are independently nitrogen or optionally substituted methine; E is nitrogen, methine or hydroxy substituted methine; n is 0 or 1; T, U, V and W are independently nitrogen or optionally substituted methine; X is —N(SO2R4)—, —N(COR5)— or —CO—; Y is —C(R6)(R7)—, —O— or —N(R8)—, provided that the compound (I) when E is nitrogen, n is 0, X is —CO—, and Y is —O— is excluded) and the like, which are useful as an agent for the treatment of various diseases related to NPY.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having a glucokinase activating action being useful for prevention or treatment of diabetes mellitus, etc. being represented by the formula (I): X is nitrogen atom, etc.; Y is oxygen atom, etc.; R1 is an optionally substituted five to six-membered heteroaryl group, etc.; R2 is hydrogen atom or fluorine atom; and ring A is a monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group which may have a substituent represented by the formula (II)] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an efficient and widely-applicable method for commercially producing a thioether compound or a thiol compound which is useful as a pharmaceutical compound or a production intermediate of it. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a thioether compound represented by the general formula [I] below or a salt thereof. This method is characterized in that a compound represented by the following general formula [III]: [III] (wherein X represents a bromine atom, a chlorine atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group, and ring A represents an aryl group or a heteroaryl ring group) or a salt thereof is reacted with a thiol compound represented by the following general formula [II]: [II] or a salt thereof in the presence of a palladium compound such as Pd2(dba)3, a base such as i-Pr2NEt and a phosphorus compound represented by the following formula [AA].

Abstract: The invention provides a compound or its pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of formula wherein A1 is a hydrogen, etc.; j and k are 0 or 1; is a double bond, etc.; is a double bond, etc.; one of W1 and W2 is E—O—W, etc., and the other is a hydrogen atom, etc.; E is a divalent group derived from a benzene ring, etc., by removing two hydrogen atoms therefrom; W is a group of formula (II-1): which has a histamine-H3 receptor antagonistic effect or a histamine-H3 receptor inverse-agonistic effect and is useful for prevention or remedy of metabolic system diseases, circulatory system diseases or nervous system diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound which has a glucokinase-activating effect and is useful as a therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus, being represented by a formula (I): [wherein X1 represents a nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, oxygen atom or the like; R1 represents a 6- to 10-membered aryl group, 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl group or the like; D represents an oxygen atom or sulfur atom; R2 and R3 are the same or different, each representing a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group or the like; a formula (II) represents an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl group or the like; a formula (III) represents a monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the following formula (I) or its pharmaceutically-acceptable salt is provided: [wherein X, Y, Z and W each independently represent a methine group or a nitrogen atom, provided that a case where all of X, Y, Z and W are methine group; A represents —O— or the like, B represents —C(O)— or the like, D represent —(CH2)m2-, —O— or the like, and m2 represents 0 or 1; Q represents a methine group or a nitrogen atom; and R represents a group represented by the following formula (II-1) (wherein R6, R7 and R8 independently represent a lower alkyl group or the like].

Abstract: Compound of the formula: (I) [wherein each of X1, X2 and X3 independently represents N or CH, W represents the formula (II):(II) or the formula (III):(III) and Y represents a group of the formula (IV):(IV)], or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. This compound exhibits histamine receptor H3 antagonist or inverse agonist activity and is useful of the treatment and/or prevention of obesity, diabetes, hormonal secretion abnormality, sleep, disorder, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I): wherein Az is a group comprising a monocyclic azole or a bicyclic aromatic ring of the same or different fused azoles; T, U, V and W are independently methine or nitrogen, wherein a methine may be optionally substituted by a substituent, and at least two of T, U, V and W are methine groups; and X is nitrogen or methine. The compounds of the present invention are useful as agents for the treatment of various kinds of diseases related to NPY, for example, cardiovascular disorders, nervous system disorders, genitative diseases, metabolic diseases, genital or reproductive disorders, gastro-intestinal disorders, respiratory disorders, inflammatory diseases or glaucoma, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by formula (I) below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which, having histamine H3 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist activity, is useful in the prophylaxis or therapy of metabolic diseases, circulatory diseases, or nervous system diseases. [where, for example, Ar is a divalent group formed by eliminating two hydrogen atoms from benzene, X1 is a nitrogen atom, sulfur atom or oxygen atom, R1 is a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl group, Ring A is a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring, R2 and R3 are amino groups or alkylamino groups, and X2 is represented by formula (II): (where R4 and R5 are lower alkyl groups, and n is an integer from 2 to 4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of general formula I: wherein: n1 and n2 are the same or different, and are 0 or 1; R is aryl, heteroaryl, etc.; Re is hydrogen atom or lower alkyl; two groups selected from four groups consisting of (i) either one of Ra1 and Ra1?, (ii) either one of Ra2 and Ra2?, (iii) either one of Rb1 and Rb1?, and (iv) either one of Rb2 and Rb2?, are combined to form —(CH2)n— where n is 1, 2 or 3; and among Ra1, Ra1?, Ra2, Ra2?, Rb1, Rb1?, Rb2 and Rb2?, the groups which do not form —(CH2)n— are each independently hydrogen atom, etc.; X1, X2, X3 and X4 are each independently CH, N, etc.; Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are the same or different and are CH or N, etc.; W is a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.