Abstract: Methods for stimulating gamma globin gene expression in a mammalian cell comprising contacting the cell with a compound selected from valeric acid and certain isomers, derivatives or salts thereof, including isovaleric acid, 4-pentynoic acid and methylthioacetic acid, or an inhibitor of a short chain fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase, or an activator of protein kinase C are disclosed. The methods of the invention are particularly useful for ameliorating .beta.-globin disorders, such as sickle cell anemia or .beta.-thalassemia. The method of the invention can also be used to prevent or ameliorate malaria in a mammal. The compounds of the invention can also be used to stimulate differentiation of a cell. Pharmaceutical compositions of the active compounds of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a thermoplastic molding material comprising from 80 to 50% by weight of a hard matrix of an anionically polymerized aromatic vinyl compound and from 20 to 50% by weight of a soft phase uniformly distributed in the hard matrix, the percentages being based in each case on the sum of the hard matrix and soft phase, a rubber-elastic block copolymer based on an aromatic vinyl compound and on an alkadiene in a weight ratio of 5:95 to 55:45 is anionically polymerized in a first stage, if desired the living chain ends are capped and the aromatic vinyl compound is polymerized in the presence of the block copolymer with renewed addition of an anionic initiator and while stirring, and the living chain ends are finally (re)closed.

Abstract: Antifoams based on oil-in-water emulsions, in which the oil phase accounts for from 5 to 50% by weight of the emulsions and consists essentially of a mixture of(a) fatty esters of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -carboxylic acids with monohydric to trihydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alcohols,(b) polyglyceryl esters which are obtainable by at least 20% esterification of polyglycerols which contain at least 2 glyceryl units with at least one C.sub.12 -C.sub.36 -fatty acid and(c) fatty esters of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -carboxylic acids and polyalkylene glycols, the molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycols being up to 5,000 g/mol, and, if required,(d) long-chain alcohols, fatty esters of alcohols of at least 22 carbon atoms and C.sub.1 -C.sub.36 -carboxylic acids, distillation residues which are obtainable in the preparation of alcohols having a relatively large number of carbon atoms by oxo synthesis or by the Ziegler process and which may be alkoxylated, and/or(e) hydrocarbons having a boiling point above 200.degree. C.

Abstract: It has been found that 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) may be used alone or in combination with water as blowing agents in flexible integral skin foams. Foams prepared using HFC-134a alone or in combination with water exhibit physical characteristics such as resistance to abrasion and cracking on flex comparable to conventional chlorinated fluorocarbon blown foams. The foams of the present invention are suitable for use in shoe sole applications.

Abstract: Process for the production of fine-particle, essentially amorphous dye or drug preparations by converting a relatively coarse-particle dispersion or a solution into a colloidal dispersion in water, where the colloidal dispersion is generated at a temperature above the melting point of the dye or drug by admixing appropriately hot water (where appropriate under pressure) or an aqueous protective colloid solution so that an emulsion of a melt in aqueous medium is produced and is immediately spray-dried or converted by cooling into a suspension.

Abstract: A system for mixing first and second polymer melt flows and directing a mixed polymer melt flow to one and another downstream locations includes a control valve having an inlet port for receiving the first polymer melt flow, and a pair of outlet ports, and a fluidic valve for forming the mixed flow of the first and second polymer melt flows and directing the mixed flow to one of a plurality of downstream locations. The fluidic valve is provided with a primary supply port for receiving the second polymer melt flow, a pair of secondary supply ports which are fluid-connected with the primary supply port at a mixing intersection, and a plurality of discharge ports extending from the mixing intersection. Each discharge port directs the mixed flow of the first and second polymer melt flows to a respective downstream location. A pair of branch conduits is provided which fluid-connect one of the pair of outlet ports of the control valve to a respective one of the secondary supply ports of the fluidic valve.

Abstract: Copolymers which contain a) from 2 to 50 mol % of vinyl alkyl ethers having 3 to 30 carbon atoms in the molecule, b) from 10 to 88 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides and c) from 10 to 88 mol % of dialkyl esters of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids as typical monomer units in polymerized form are prepared by copolymerizing the monomers a), b) and c) at from 40.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence of free radical initiators and are used as film-forming resins in hair sprays and, in the form of the alkali metal, ammonium or alkaline earth metal salts, as thickeners for aqueous systems, such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, textile print pastes, liquid detergents and cleaning agents.

Abstract: Dye preparations comprising one or more dyes with no water-solubilizing groups in the molecule from the class of the metal complex azo dyes or the metal phthalocyanines and reaction products between from 1 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of castor oil are useful for coloring granular or pulverulent substrates and for preparing aqueous dye preparations useful in printing inks.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of unsaturated cyclic ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## in which Z denotes --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q or --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q --O--q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 andR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl from diols of the general formula II ##STR2## in which, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 have the aforementioned meanings, in the presence of a cobalt-containing supported catalyst, wherein the cobalt-containing supported catalyst used contains cobalt and a noble metal--selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, rhenium, or mixtures thereof--in an atomic ratio of from 0.5:1 to 70000:1 on an inert support and optionally basic alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, scandium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, or mixtures thereof and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at temperatures ranging from 150.degree. to 300.degree.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of removing polymer residue from chemical processing equipment, comprising contacting said residue with NMP vapors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to expandable styrene polymers containing recycled polystyrene, having a recycled material content of from 10 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the polystyrene, to which alkyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)amines have been added during the polymerization.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of low-hydrazine polymers based on basic vinyl monomers by free-radical solution polymerization in aqueous medium in the presence, as compound which forms free radicals, of an azo compound which has alkoxycarbonyl groups on the carbon atoms adjacent to the azo group.

Abstract: Electrically conductive thermoplastic fibers are made by spinning a fiber having an electrically conductive sheath of thermoplastic polymer formulated with carbon black and a non-conductive core from the thermoplastic polymer; quenching the fiber after said spinning to a temperature below the melting point of the thermoplastic; drawing the quenched fiber at a draw ratio between about 2.0 and about 3.2; and, after drawing, relaxing the fiber at a temperature below the melting point of the thermoplastic but above its glass transition.

Abstract: Substituted N-phenylglutarimides I ##STR1## X.sup.1, X.sup.2 =O, S; R.sup.1 =halogen, NO.sub.2, CN, CF.sub.3 ; R.sup.2 =H, halogen;R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 =H, halogen, CN, alkyl, cyctoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkyl-thio, cyanoalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or benzyl,or 2 substituents of a C atom or 2 substituents of adjacent C atoms of the glutarimide ring are bonded to one another via a chain which may be substituted;A=CHR.sup.6 --CHR.sup.7 --CO--B or CR.sup.6 .dbd.CR.sup.8 --CO--B;R.sup.6 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -haloalkyl;R.sup.7 =halogen, haloalkyl, OH, alkoxy or alkylcarbonyloxy;R.sup.

Abstract: In an extrusion coater having at least two coating slots (8, 8'), the central line between the coating slots is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the substrate (1) and the terminating edge (15) of the separator (16) between the two coating slots is a downward-sloping surface. Opposite the extruder orifice and behind the substrate is the edge (5) of a magnet (2) which draws the magnetizable layers out of the coater outlet orifice (3), the edge (5) being arranged at the height of the common outlet orifice of the coating slots (8, 8'). By means of this arrangement, a uniform coating is achieved even in the case of very thin double layers and even at high coating speeds.

Abstract: Preparation of methylene-bridged compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are identical or different and are each saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl substituted by substituents inert under the reaction conditions, or hydrogen, E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 are identical or different and are each phosphorus, arsenic or antimony, and X is a chemical bond or oxygen by reacting a tin compound of the general formula IIR.sub.3.sup.5 Sn--CH.sub.2 M, IIwhere R.sup.5 is C.sub.1 --C.sub.20 -hydrocarbyl and M is an alkali metal, with a compound of the general formula III ##STR2## where Y is halogen, metallating the thus-obtained tin compound of the general formula IV ##STR3## with an alkali organometallic, and reacting the product with a compound of the general formula V ##STR4## to give a methylene-bridged compound of the formula I. And novel bis(diorganophosphino)methanes.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of polymers which have a high glass transition temperature and a low average molecular weight and contain a specific amount of methacrylic acid as polymerized units are suitable, in liquid or dried form, as additives for improving the flow behavior of cement-containing mineral building materials having binding properties.

Abstract: Provided herein is a composition, system and method containing a hydrophobic lubricant and a water soluble solvent. The invention my also contain water. Specific solvents include akyl or alkoxy pyrrolidones such N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which are added to or mixed with loom lubricators. Also provided is a method for inhibiting the increase in viscosity of lubricants used in polyolefin processing methods. Polyolefin compounds such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutylene are some of the compounds used in the invention. Provided are solutions, methods and systems used in manufacturing process that use polyolefins. The manufacturing processes include weaving, extruding and molding.

Abstract: Cobalt catalysts whose catalytically active composition comprises from 55 to 98% by weight of cobalt, from 0.2 to 15% by weight of phosphorus, from 0.2 to 15% by weight of manganese and from 0.05 to 5% by weight of alkali metal, calculated as oxide, are prepared by calcining the catalyst composition, reducing it at final temperatures of from 200.degree. to 400.degree. C. in a stream of hydrogen and subsequently surface-oxidizing it by treatment in a stream of air at final temperatures of from 20.degree. to 60.degree. C. and can be used in a process for hydrogenating organic nitriles and/or imines.

Abstract: The process for the producing improved shaped sintered articles by first shaping a) a mixture of a ceramic or metallic powder or mixtures thereof with a moldable thermoplastic composition containing b) a thermoplastic polyoxymethylene binder and c) a second moldable and essentially inert thermoplastic polymer having a melting point between 90.degree. and 220.degree. C., such as a polyether of bisphenol A and an aliphatic diol. The binder is then removed from the shaped article by exposure to a gaseous acid-containing atmosphere, preferably below its softening temperature, while the second inert thermoplastic polymer is retained as a source of elemental carbon in which the ceramic or metallic powder is finely dispersed. This retained polymer is then pyrolyzed under an inert gas at elevated temperatures of at least 600.degree. C. for conversion to a finely dispersed elemental carbon.