Abstract: Process for obtaining formic acid by thermal separation of a stream comprising formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), in which a liquid stream comprising formic acid and tertiary amine (I) is produced by combining tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source, secondary components comprised therein are separated off, formic acid is removed by distillation from the resulting liquid stream in a distillation apparatus, where the bottom output from the distillation apparatus is separated into two liquid phases, and the upper liquid phase is recirculated to the formic acid source and the lower liquid phase is recirculated to the separation of the secondary components and/or to the distillation apparatus, wherein low boilers are removed by distillation from the upper liquid phase and recirculated to the depleted stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oxygen-substituted sterically hindered amines of the formulae I or II: (II), wherein, for example, F2, R3, R5, R6, R8, R9, R11, R12, R13, R14 are n-butyl: Z1 to Z10 are propoxy and R1, R4, R7, R10, R13 are 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-propoxy-piperidin-4-yl. Compositions comprising compounds of formulae I or II and an organic material, which is susceptible to oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation, are further disclosed. Optionally, further additives are contained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymers (I), or (II), and their use as organic semiconductor in organic devices, especially in organic photovoltaics (solar cells) and photodiodes, or in a device containing a diode and/or an organic field effect transistor. The polymers according to the invention have excellent solubility in organic solvents and excellent film-forming properties. In addition, high efficiency of energy conversion, excellent field-effect mobility, good on/off current ratios and/or excellent stability can be observed, when the polymers according to the invention are used in organic field effect transistors, organic photovoltaics (solar cells) and photodiodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures, comprising (a) an oligomeric compound, comprising repeat units of the general formula (I) or acid-addition salts thereof and/or (b) a compound of the general formula (II) or acid-addition salts thereof and (c) at least one compound of the general formula (III) and (d) optionally further additives, and also to the use of these mixtures for the stabilization of non-living organic materials with respect to exposure to light, oxygen, and/or heat. The invention further relates to non-living organic materials, comprising at least one of these mixtures, and to articles produced therefrom. The invention further relates to a process for the stabilization of non-living organic materials, with respect to exposure to light, oxygen, and/or heat.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a protected reduced supported metal catalyst powder, in particular catalysts used in a variety of chemical reactions, such as the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon compounds in petrochemical and oleo-chemical processes; the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats and oils, and unsaturated hydrocarbon resins; and in the Fischer Tropsch process. This invention also relates to a composition comprising said catalyst and a liquid. In accordance with the invention there is provided a process for preparing a protected, reduced metal catalyst on a support, wherein said supported catalyst is in the form of a powder, which process comprises contacting and mixing said supported catalyst with a liquid in an inert atmosphere and wherein the amount of liquid corresponds to up to five times the amount required for incipient wetness.

Abstract: A herbicidal composition comprising: a) a herbicide compound A, which is selected from the group of imidazolinones; and b) an adjuvant B, which is a surfactant selected from the groups b1 to b5: b1) a nonionic surfactant of the formula R1Xn and polyalkoxylated derivatives thereof, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic or aromatic residues having at least eight carbon atoms; X is selected from hydroxy, —O—(C1-C6-alkyl), —O—(C3-C6-alkenyl), amine, amide, or ester; and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; b2) an anionic surfactant of the formula R1Yn, wherein R1 is selected from aliphatic or aromatic residues having at least eight carbon atoms; Y is selected from carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate; and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; b3) a cationic surfactant; b4) a zwitterionic surfactant; or b5) a polymeric surfactant; and wherein the weight ratio of the herbicide compound A and the adjuvant B is from 2:1 to 1:60; and the use of the said compositions for controlling undesirable vegetation.

Abstract: Oxime ester compounds of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 independently of each other are hydrogen, C1-C20alkyl, (A), COR14, NO2, or OR15; provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 is (A), and provided that at least one of the remaining R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 is COR14 or NO2; R11 is for example C1-C20alkyl, M or (B); X and X1 are for example a direct bond; R12 and R?12 are for example hydrogen or C1-C20alkyl; R13 and R?13 are for example C6-C20aryl or C3-C20heteroaryl; M is (X), (Y) or (Z); X3 is O, S or NR19; R14 and R15 are for example phenyl; R20, R21, R22, R23, R24, or R25 for example are hydrogen, COR14, NO2, or (B); provided that at least two oxime ester groups are present in the molecule; are useful as photoinitiators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of zeolites having CHA framework structure and a composition comprising the molar ratio (n Si02):X203, wherein X is a trivalent element, and wherein n is at least 10, the process comprising (i) preparation of an aqueous solution containing at least one source for X203, wherein X is selected from Al, B, Ga, and a mixture of two or more, and at least one source for Si02, at least one organic structure directing agent (SDA) other than Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), acting as a template for the CHA structure, and Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), wherein the SDA or mixtures thereof are employed in such amounts that the aqueous solution in (i) exhibits a molar ratio of SDA:TMAOH of 0.01 to 5; (ii) hydrothermal crystallization of the aqueous solution according to (i); wherein the aqueous solution of (i) contains copper in an amount less than 0.005 Cu:((n O2):X2O3) where n is in the range of 10 to 50.

Abstract: Cement-free aqueous polymer dispersion comprising calcium silicate hydrate.

Abstract: The extraction process for removing metal salts from an organic hydroformylation reaction fluid (“HRF”) prior to returning the HRF to a reaction zone of a hydroformylation process, the extraction process comprising the step of contacting the HRF with an aqueous buffer solution, is improved by contacting the HRF with water in addition to that present in the aqueous buffer solution, i.e., with added water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for distilling an aqueous polymethylol mixture which comprises a polymethylol of the formula (I) (HOCH2)2—C—R2??(I) in which each R is independently a further methylol group or an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an aryl or aralkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, a tertiary amine, water and the adduct of tertiary amine and formic acid (amine formate), which comprises performing the distillation in a distillation column which is connected at the bottom to an evaporator, the bottom temperature being above the evaporation temperature of the monoester of formic acid and polymethylol (polymethylol formate) which forms during distillation. The present invention further relates to a composition comprising polymethylol and 1 to 10 000 ppm by weight of polymethylol formate, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids to produce saturated fatty acids, said process comprising hydrogenating the unsaturated fatty acid in the presence of hydrogen and a supported nickel catalyst, said supported nickel catalyst comprising an oxidic support, 5 to 80 wt. % of nickel, calculated as atomic nickel on the weight of the catalyst, 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a copper promoter, calculated as atomic copper on the weight of the catalyst and 1 to 10 wt. % of a group II metal, calculated as metallic oxide on the weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the direct preparation of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles (DPPs) of the formula pigment compositions containing them and their use for coloring high molecular weight organic materials, such as plastics and paints. The obtained DPPs of the formula I possess a higher color strength, a higher chroma, a purer shade and a higher opacity versus corresponding commercially available DPPs.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a mono-N-alkylpiperazine of the formula I in which R1 is C1- to C5-alkyl or 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl, by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with a primary amine of the formula H2N—R1 (III) in the presence of hydrogen and a supported, metal-containing catalyst, where the catalytically active mass of the catalyst, prior to its reduction with hydrogen, comprises oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum, copper, nickel and cobalt and, in the range from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight, oxygen-containing compounds of tin, calculated as SnO, and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 95 to 145 bar.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an oligomer or polymer substituted by one or more bisacylphosphine oxide moieties, characterized in that said bisacylphosphine oxide moiety is linked via the phosphorous atom, optionally via a spacer group, to the oligomer or polymer backbone; as well as to specifically functionalized bisacylphosphine oxides, suitable to prepare said polymers or oligomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polymers from monomers and/or oligomers by adding a liquid comprising the monomers and/or oligomers dropwise to a continuous liquid phase in a reactor, the continuous liquid phase being immiscible with the liquid comprising the monomers and/or oligomers, and the monomers and/or oligomers reacting in the continuous liquid phase to give the polymer. The liquid comprising the monomers and/or oligomers is shaped to droplets outside the continuous liquid phase, which are subsequently introduced into the continuous liquid phase. The invention further relates to a reactor for performing the process, comprising a tube through which a continuous liquid phase flows, and means of generating droplets, the means of generating droplets being arranged such that the droplets are generated outside the continuous liquid phase and then introduced into the continuous liquid phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles, comprising thermal postcrosslinking in a contact dryer having external heated outer surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine by reacting a feed stream comprising 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylimine with hydrogen and ammonia over hydrogenation catalysts, wherein the basicity of the reaction mixture is increased during the reaction by bringing the reaction mixture into contact with a basic compound which is not ammonia and/or a basic catalyst after part of the 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylimine has been reacted.

Abstract: A process for preparing pure triethanolamine (TEOA) by continuously distillatively separating an ethanolamine mixture comprising TEOA and diethanolamine (DEOA), by distilling off DEOA in a distillation column (DEOA column) and supplying the resulting bottom stream comprising TEOA to a downstream column (TEOA column) in which the pure TEOA is withdrawn as a side draw stream, wherein the residence time of the ethanolamine mixture in the bottom of the DEOA column is <20 minutes.