Abstract: A sensor for monitoring hydrogen concentrations in gases, containing a solid electrolyte body, a detector electrode having a surface which is exposable to a gas to be monitored, and a reference electrode, in which the reference and detector electrodes make contact with the solid electrolyte, and the detector electrode contains a platinum metal or a platinum metal oxide. A method of making the sensor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a device for breaking an aqueous emulsion, wherein the emulsion flows through an electrochemical cell in which the small emulsified droplets combine in or on a working electrode to form larger separable droplets. The method can be applied in particular to the breaking of an oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring hydrogen concentrations in gases, containing a solid electrolyte body, a detector electrode having a surface which is exposable to a gas to be monitored, and a reference electrode, in which the reference and detector electrodes make contact with the solid electrolyte, and the detector electrode contains a platinum metal or a platinum metal oxide.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing a cement product for terminal storage of tritium water wherein activated bentonite capable of swelling is dispersingly mixed with the tritium water and the suspension obtained thereby is subjected to a swelling operation. The swollen suspension is dispersingly mixed with cement. The cured product has a water content of over 75% by weight.

Abstract: A protective suit against sound waves with which it is possible to achieve a considerable reduction of the effects of sound waves on the human body. The suit material is furnished with at least two flexible soundproofing layers, of which at least one layer increases the weight per unit area of the suit, and another acts as a cushioning layer.

Abstract: A method for testing components of transparent material for surface irregularities and occlusions, comprising the steps of dot-scanning the component by moving a light ray completely therethrough; detecting the light which represents flaws in at least the front and back surfaces of the component by receivers located on one side of the component; generating fault signals based on the light detected in the detecting step; digitizing the fault signals which are generated in the generating step; feeding the digitized signal to a mapped memory; and analyzing the signal by: (a) feeding the digitized signal to a number of sector counters via a preselectable number of thresholds; (b) evaluating the sector counters on-line according to preselected criterion regarding the number, location and gray tone distribution of the digitized fault signals; and (c) evaluating the signals in the mapped memory in a computer if the fulfillment of the criterion for evaluation of the sector counters cannot be sufficiently assured.

Abstract: A device for illuminating components of transparent material by dot-scanning so that the components may be tested for surface irregularities and occlusions which comprises a component rotatably mounted so that the component may be rotated on its axis at a predetermined speed, a light source for generating a parallel light beam for illuminating the component, and a mechanism for periodically linearly deflecting the light beam at a frequency greater than the predetermined rotational speed of the component. The periodically linearly deflecting mechanism is disposed in the path of the light beam between the parallel light beam generating source and the component. The device also includes a focusing lens for focusing the light beam in a testing plane, where the focusing lens is disposed between the periodically linearly deflecting mechanism and the component at a location whereby the focal point of the focusing lens is at the edge of the periodically linearly deflecting mechanism.

Abstract: For fast variation of the wavelengths of lasers, a rotating chopper mirror is provided in the laser resonator. This mirror alternately transmits the light to a grating or deflects it to at least a second grating or to a second mirror. Instead of a chopper mirror, an oscillating mirror can be used, by means of which the beam can be directed to a grating. The oscillating mirror is moved at constant frequency, but with variable amplitude.

Abstract: A process for producing a dispersion hardened copper alloy includes admixing to a copper melt from 0.3 to 15 weight % of molybdenum to provide a mixture which is a melt; superheating the mixture to a temperature ranging from about 200.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. above the melting point of coper to provide a superheated melt; and subjecting the superheated melt to very rapid solidification at a cooling rate ranging from 104.degree. to 106.degree. C./sec. The above process produces dipsersion hardened copper alloy comprising copper and from 1 to 15 weight % of molybdenum which is present in the dispersion hardened copper alloy as particles having a diameter of less than 0.1 .mu.m embedded in the copper matrix. Such dispersion hardened copper alloys are useful for providing electrical conductors which are subjected to elevated temperatures, such as for providing spot welding electrodes, particularly for welding of zinc-galvanized sheet metal.

Abstract: A device for testing components of transparent material for surface irregularities and occlusions which comprises a mechanism for rotatably mounting the component so that the component may be rotated on its axis; a mechanism for generating a light ray which moves linearly so that the light ray can dot-scan the component along a diameter of the component; at least one signal generating device disposed at a predetermined angle to the direction of impingement of the light ray for detecting surface irregularities and occlusions of the component and then generating a signal representative of the irregularity or occlusion; and a signal evaluation device for evaluating the signals produced in the signal generating device.

Abstract: In a system for measuring torque, torsional vibrations and power, emitters and sensors are arranged on at least one rotating shaft. From one of the frequencies (f.sub.1 or f.sub.2) of the signals (S.sub.1 or S.sub.2) of the sensors, a new signal (S.sub.3) is generated whose frequency (f.sub.3) corresponds to the sum or difference frequency of the frequencies (f.sub.1, f.sub.2), and which is phase-locked to the signal (S.sub.1 or S.sub.2) from which it is generated. The relation of the initial phase of the new signal (S.sub.3) with the frequency-generating signal (S.sub.1 or S.sub.2) is determined also by the other signal (S.sub.2 or S.sub.1). The signals (S.sub.1, S.sub.2) and the new signal (S.sub.3) are fed to a multiplier. The measure of the torsion-dependent twist of the emitters with respect to each other, from which the torsional vibration signal can be derived, is determined by integration of the signal (S.sub.1.S.sub.2.S.sub.

Abstract: An arrangement for the production of straight-line symmetrical signals from at least two signal generators, which have a periodic structure and which are movable relative to one another, by means of sensors that generate signals corresponding to the position of the signal generators, wherein at least two sensors are provided for at least one of the two signal generators with the output signals of the two sensors being combined in a subtraction or addition stage. The two sensors are positioned to be offset with respect to each other by one half period of the structure of signal generator or by an integer multiple of such period.

Abstract: The liquid atomizer consists essentially of an ultrasonic excitation system coupled with a narrow bending strip of so small thickness that it does not have sufficient inherent stability for linear alignment. In the case of excitation of bending waves with several essentially parallel, closely spaced nodal lines can be generated on the bending strip. Dimensional stability of the bending strip is achieved by at least one mechanical fixing devices and one prestressing device.

Abstract: For averaging in the case of a signal consisting of rectangular pulses, a circuit arrangement which provides the instrumentability for carrying out moving averaging over specific periods of time which are defined by the intervals between the successive pulse edges of the signal. The amplitude of the pulse sequence is assumed to be constant. Then the arithmetic mean is determined from a specific number of the preceding results of moving averaging.

Abstract: For scaring birds, at least two acoustic signals are generated whose frequencies are periodically modulated within a range between about 30 and 9000 Hz, the modulation period ranging between about 0.01 and about 5 seconds. The signals differ in the frequency modulation range, in the modulation period and/or in duration. The signals are emitted either in fixed or in arbitrary sequence.

Abstract: According to a method of dispersion hardening copper, silver or gold, melts on the basis of the matrix metals with stoichiometric additions of boron and boride-forming metals are superheated by 300.degree. to 750.degree. C. and subsequently subjected to extremely rapid solidification at a rate of at least 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.4 .degree.C. per second. The boride-forming metals used are preferably titanium and/or zirconium. An excess of preferably about 5 to 20% of boride-forming metal over the stoichiometric amount yields particularly favorable products.

Abstract: Diamond-like, transparent, clear and uncolored carbon coatings with low internal stresses are generated on substrates by plasma discharge from the gas phase. For this purpose, a hydrocarbon gas or a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and pure hydrogen is admitted onto the substrate to be coated which is at room temperature. Around the substrate an oxygen-free plasma discharge is produced by high-frequency excitation which is sustained by the gases admitted. The gases are excited, dissociated ionized and accelerated toward the substrate during plasma discharge.

Abstract: A carrier for abrasion-resistant catalysts having a surface coated with high-fusion oxides, nitrides and/or carbides of at least one transition metal, or boron, of aluminum and/or of silicon or of combination of these compounds. The coating is carried out using physical vapor deposition techniques, such as evaporating coating ion plating or cathode sputtering. The layer thus produced consists of individual structures, such as stems and/or columns having different elevations which together produce a porous layer serving as an intermediate layer for the subsequent deposition of the catalytic material.

Abstract: An apparatus for the generation of laser radiation according to the invention comprising a discharge chamber of essentially rectangular cross section made from insulating material, one pair of discharge electrodes between which a gas discharge initiated by UV preionization arising from a corona discharge can be produced in a direction transverse to an optical resonator, as well as a charging and discharging circuit and a gas circulation and cooling system. The two opposite walls of the discharge chamber on which the electrodes are arranged are provided with a metal coating, e.g. metal plates of sheets. The remaining lateral walls of the discharge chambers are provided with conducting structures, preferably wire grids which are insulated against the interior space and extend up to the level of the metal coating.

Abstract: For a laser system with fast longitudinal gas flow, at least one impeller of the type of runners for tangential blowers with adjacent ring channel is used for the circulation of laser gas. At least two longitudinal pipes merge tangentially into the ring channel where at least one longitudinal pipe is designed as a laser resonator. The ring channel and the longitudinal pipes form a closed loop for the laser gas.