Abstract: Method of direct determination of beta-lipoproteins in a blood sample containing pre-beta-lipoprotein, (VLDL) alpha-lipoprotein (HDL), and beta-lipoprotein (LDL), comprising mixing the blood plasma or serum of the blood sample with a solid, water-insoluble anion exchanger operable to retain the pre-beta-lipoprotein (VLDL) and the alpha-lipoprotein (HDL) to remove them from solution, separating the blood plasma or serum from the anion exchanger and thereafter determining the amount of beta-lipoprotein (LDL) remaining in solution.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or the group N(R.sub.2).sub.2, in which R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R.sub.1 has the same meaning as R or is a hydrogen atom, are new and are suitable as chromogens for measuring H.sub.2 O.sub.2 formation in enzymatic reactions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing ascorbic acid from aqueous solutions by the addition of ascorbate oxidase, wherein catalase and hydrogen peroxide are also added to the solution.The present invention also provides an agent for the removal of ascorbic acid from aqueous solutions, based on a solid carrier material impregnated with ascorbate oxidase, wherein the carrier material also contains catalase and hydrogen peroxide and optionally also a stabilizer and/or buffer substance.

Abstract: A low oiling gel filled article comprising a polydiorganosiloxane gel contained within a polysiloxane rubber envelope. The gel is characterized as being the addition product of a first prepolymer having silicon-bonded additional radicals on a terminal silicon atom, and a second prepolymer having silicon-bonded addition radicals on several intermediate silicon atoms. The polydiorganosiloxane prepolymers, and complex fluid, as well as processes for making same, are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A process and a device for the centrifugal control and mixing of a limited volumes of fluid, especially in the rotor of a centrifugal analyzer, has at least one baffle chamber, in a flow canal for the fluid the volume of which is greater than the volume of fluid. It is so shaped that, when the device is rotated at a sufficiently high first speed of rotation, the fluid remains in it. An outlet canal is connected to the baffle chamber the fluid. At least a part thereof lies closer to the axis of rotation than the fluid surface during the rotation with the first speed of rotation. The walls of the outlet canal consist of a material which is wettable by the fluid and, in combination therewith, have cross-section which forces the fluid out of the baffle chamber; by boundary surface force when the device is rotated at a second, slower speed.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting and evaluating the optical properties of a specimen, utilizing a light source that has alternating light and dark phases, a detector that picks up light from the light source by way of the specimen being examined, and a circuit that integrates and digitalizes the signals received from the detector, that includes an integrator, and that can be connected to the detector. The signals emitted from the detector are integrated both during at least part of the light phase and during at least part of the dark phase. The integral obtained during the dark phase is subtracted from that obtained during the light phase in order to determine the results. The integrator that is used to integrate the signals is used like an analog-to-digital converter of the double-integration type to convert the integral into a digital signal.

Abstract: A device used in detecting bacteria, fungi, and viruses in blood circulated through a particulate adsorbent material initially in a housing has a piston for pushing the adsorbent material from the housing for the detection. The piston preferably provides one passage for circulating the blood through the adsorbent material in the housing. An O-ring on the piston preferably indicates when the device has been used.

Abstract: A reagent and improved process for the determination of D-glucose in body fluids by reaction with ATP in the presence of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP, Mg.sup.++ ions and buffer and measurement of the NADPH formed. The improved process requires, before reaction with ATP, the mixing of the whole blood with a reagent which is composed of 0.01 to 0.5% weight/volume of an alkyl sulphate or sulphonate or of an alkyl-aryl sulphonate wherein the alkyl moiety is C.sub.8 to C.sub.32 and optionally contains one or more hydroxylalkylamino radicals as substituents and/or is interrupted by one or more ether oxygen atoms and the alkyl-aryl radicals having C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 alkyls and optionally a preserving agent.

Abstract: Esters and agents including the esters, useful as substrates for esterolytic and/or proteolytic enzymes, said esters being compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## in which R".sub.1, R".sub.2, R".sub.3 and R".sub.4, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkylamino or dialkylamino radicals or in which two adjacent substituents can also represent a fused benzene ring, A is a residue of an amino acid or of a peptide and B is a nitrogen protective group conventional in peptide chemistry or derived therefrom; and the method of preparation and use.

Abstract: A L(+)-tartrate dehydrogenase with L(+)-tartrate dehydrogenase and D(+)-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity, which can be obtained from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, and also a process for the production thereof.Furthermore, a process and a reagent for the determination of L(+)-tartrate and of D(+)-malate.

Abstract: .alpha.-Amylase is determined by the enzymatic splitting of an .alpha.-amylase substrate and measurement of a fission product, wherein there is used as a substrate a maltoheptaose compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a glucoside, phenylglucoside, mononitrophenylglucoside, dinitrophenylglucoside, sorbitol or gluconic acid group. Reagents comprising such a substrate and a system for the determination of a fission product formed from the amylase substrate by .alpha.-amylase, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the specific determination of the cholesterol of the LDL fraction in the presence of the HDL fraction of the lipoproteins of serum by the action of cholesterol esterase for the liberation of the cholesterol and oxidation of the liberated cholesterol with cholesterol oxidase and oxygen with the formation of hydrogen peroxide and cholestenone and kinetic measurement of the change of one of the reaction components of the oxidase reaction, especially the formation of hydrogen peroxide, wherein the measurement is carried out in a predetermined period of time, the reaction solution having a tenside concentration of 0.01 to 1.5 mmol/liter, a cholesterol esterase concentration of 0.1 to 30 U/ml. and a pH value of 6.5 to 8.0.The present invention also provides a reagent for carrying out this process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the immunological determination of creatinine, wherein creatinine is converted into 1-methylhydantoin, the 1-methylhydantoin formed is incubated in an aqueous medium with antibodies which are directed against a conjugate of a first hydantoin derivative of the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen atoms, alkyl radicals containing up to 3 carbon atoms or phenyl radicals, with a first hapten carrier substance suitable for antibody formation, reacted with a conjugate of a second hydantoin derivative of general formula (I) with a second hapten carrier substance, one of the components antibody and conjugate being present in the solid phase or in dissolved form and the other component being present in dissolved form, and the inhibition of the binding reaction between the antibodies and the hydantoin conjugate with the second hapten carrier substance is measured.

Abstract: Process and device for the detection of pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, in blood in the presence of an anticoagulant agent. The pathogen is separated in an extracorporeal circulation of the blood with a biocompatible adsorbent which selectively binds the pathogen and thereafter detects by bacteriological, mycological, virological or electron microscopic methods.

Abstract: A device for reflected-light photometry, that determines the reflectivity of a specimen area which is part of an objective area specifically dedicated for the determination of certain properties, especially those of the reaction area of a medical-laboratory test strip. The device has a light source for illuminating the specimen area, preferably with diffuse light, and a photodetector that picks up light reflected from the specimen area. There is, in accordance with the invention, an opaque diaphragm with a particular shape, position, and mounting in the path of light between the specimen area and the detector.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reagent for the precipitation of apo-B-containing lipoproteins, wherein it comprises 0.2 to 3 grams per liter of phosphotungstic acid and more than 2 mmols per liter of magnesium ions in aqueous solution.The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of this reagent and a process for the precipitation of apo-B-containing lipoproteins using this reagent.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions containing N-substituted aziridine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a carboxyl, a cyano, an alkoxycarbonyl or an optionally substituted carbamoyl radical, R is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which is saturated or can contain one or more unsaturations and can be substituted one or more times by halogen, alkoxy, hydroxyl, dialkylamino, dialkylaminoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylamino, acyl, nitro, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl or by cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radicals optionally carrying alkyl, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl radicals, optionally interrupted by hetero atoms and optionally bridged, or by an aryl, hetaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino or isothioureido radical, or R is a cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radical optionally substituted by alkyl, alkoxy or oxo groups, optionally interrupted by hetero atoms and optionally bri

Abstract: The present invention provides a reagent for the enzymatic determination of an enzyme substrate, containing a system for the determination of the substrate, which comprises at least one enzyme, at least one buffer substance and at least one indicator substance and optionally contains adjuvants, wherein the reagent contains a definite amount of the enzyme substrate in an insufficient amount with regard to the substrate determination capacity of the system for the determination of this substrate.The present invention also provides a process for the enzymatic determination of an enzyme substrate in the presence of disturbing substances which can react with the substrate itself or with an intermediate or end product of the indicator reaction, wherein, before the addition of the sample to be investigated, a definite amount of the substrate is first reacted with the reagent until reaction is complete, whereafter the sample to be determined is added.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for carrying out analytical determinations by mixing and incubating a sample solution with at least one reagent and optically measuring a parameter in the incubated reaction mixture. The mixing, incubating and measuring are carried out during the action of a centrifugal force which forces the solution through a plurality of interconnected small hollow spaces having flow resistance so adapted with regard to one another as to mix the reaction components. Incubation may also take place before the reaction solution passes from the plurality of interconnected small hollow spaces into a measuring chamber in which the measurement is carried out.

Abstract: A container assembly for facilitating treatment of a viscous test specimen including a cylindrical container body with a cover defining on the interior side thereof a specimen recess for receiving a predetermined volume of specimen material. The specimen recess is defined by a generally cylindrical projecting part which fits into a cylindrical receiving space in the container in a manner whereby excess specimen material adhering to the periphery of the projecting part is automatically wiped from the cover and deposited in an annular space defined between the cover and the container which is sealed when the cover is in a closed position. A second cover may be provided at an opposite end of the container through which a helically formed homogenization rod may be inserted operative during subsequent agitation of the container to dislodge specimen material from the recess. The container may also be inserted directly into a centrifuge.