Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for the concentration of a solution of a "dissolved" material in a "solvent" without the input of any outside heat and by the furnishing of only work, the latter having a value close to the theoretical work of unmixing.

Abstract: Multi-layer, high-temperature corrosion protection coat for a corrodible metallic surface which comprises: (1) a first layer adjacent to the metallic surface comprising 1-15% zirconium, 10-30% chromium and remainder nickel; and (2) a second layer adjacent to said first layer comprising at least 60% chromium and remainder selected from the group consisting of iron, iron plus nickel and mixtures thereof. The protective coatings can be used in machine and appliance construction, particularly for components of thermal engines under high thermal and corrosive stress. They are resistant to sulfidization and oxidation.

Abstract: A solid rotor made from steel for use in an asynchronous electrical machine wherein, for the purpose of increasing its otherwise poor electrical conductivity and thereby to reduce its electrical losses, the end faces of the rotor are provided with concentric annular rings separated by intervening grooves.

Abstract: An electro-optical display for the display of dark symbols against a bright background, wherein except for fine separation lines the front and rear cell plates are almost entirely covered with isolated electrode elements. The regions of overlap between these various front and rear electrode elements define the areas of the selectable display segments. The display employs an electro-optic media requiring no polarizers, for example, cholesteric liquid crystals to which has been added pleochroic dyes, or electrophoretic suspensions. The display device is addressed through the application of appropriate signals to the electrodes so that a vanishingly small potential difference lies across the liquid crystal layer in the region of the selected display segments which remain dark. In all the other regions of the display, however, there exists a potential difference which is larger than the transition voltage of the electro-optical medium, and these regions therefore appear as a bright background.

Abstract: An encased gas-insulated high-tension line is disclosed especially for regions of the line where disturbing arcs can occur so as to melt a grounding casing of the line. A heat and pressure resistant insulative layer prevents an escape of hot and possibly poisonous insulating gases from the casing in the event of a casing melting. The insulative layer is preferably made of an epoxy resin/glass fiber fabric and is wound around arc-endangered areas at fixed arc regions. An additional heat-resistant insertion may be included between the casing and the insulative layer.

Abstract: An electroflotation device for treating contaminated water includes cathode electrodes which are self-cleaning with respect to lime deposits. Each anode electrode of the device is associated with a pair of cathode electrodes. During operation of the device, a negative potential is applied to only one of the two electrodes of each cathode pair, while the other electrode has either a zero potential or a weak positive potential applied thereto. The lime deposit formed on the non-negative electrode is dissolved by the action of the carbonic acid which is present in the water, through the formation of bicarbonates.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for heating metal in an inducation furnace, wherein an inductor is supported above the melting charge and an alternating current is applied thereto, the inductor being supported relative to the surface of the melting charge such that the repelling effect of the electromagnetic field of the inductor holds the melting charge away from the inductor.

Abstract: Segment bearings for use in large rotating machines utilize support elements in the forms of pins, pipes or the like. These support elements are arranged between a friction bearing segment and a supporting segment and are constructed with varying compressive strengths. The variation of compressive strength is selected such that a parallel shift of the bearing surface occurs during loading of the friction bearing segments.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for regulating a steam turbine comprising at least one resuperheater arranged between a high pressure section and a low pressure section and in which a reference-actual value comparison of the rotational speed is performed to produce an adjustment signal derived from the reference value actual-value difference which is delivered from the difference between the impeller casing pressure of the high pressure section and the output pressure of the resuperheater which feedback signal is coupled into the regulation circuit opposite to the adjustment signal.

Abstract: A combined gas/steam turbine power plant is disclosed including a gas turbine having a combustion chamber and a steam turbine driven by steam generated with heat from the combustion gases of the gas turbine. The steam is utilized in a technological process downstream of the steam turbine. Relatively small fluctuations in back pressure are compensated by varying a delivery of fuel to the combustion chamber. Relatively large fluctuations in back pressure are compensated by supplying live steam directly to the technological process downstream of the steam turbine. Various devices are provided for conditioning the steam prior to being supplied to the technological process.

Abstract: A hot-cathode material in wire or sheet form, comprising a high-melting carrier metal, an oxide activator and a carbide reducing agent, and, optionally, a diffusion-promoting additive, the material comprising a core zone and at least one surface layer having different compositions or different concentrations of constituents therein which are such that, in operation, the rate of diffusion of the activator from the core zone is equal to or greater than the loss of activator from the surface layer. The material is made by a powder metallurgy/thermo-mechanical process.

Abstract: A rigid coupling, suitable for turbomachines, includes friction flanges for transferring torque from one shaft to another, bolts for axially coupling the friction flanges together, and shearing bushings which encompass these bolts and which prevent relative radial motion between the flanges. One-half of the outer sidewall surface of each such shearing bushing is cylindrical, while the other half of the outer sidewall surface is conical. The cylindrical half of each shearing bushing is larger than the bore which accommodates it in one of the flanges, and is inserted by means of a shrink fit. The conical half of the shearing bushing mates with a bore in the other flange which has the same conical shape. Each shearing bushing may also have grooves cut into its frontal surfaces to form collars which flex during use.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to monitor a compressible gas volume of one or more hydropneumatic storage tanks of an energy-storing system includes at least one pump to fill the individual storage tanks with hydraulic fluid. The fluid is isolated from the gas volume in each storage tank or unit by a movable partition. The gas volumes of the storage tanks are monitored continuously and free of error for the early detection and signaling of gas volume losses by the use of a minimum of maintenance-free devices. The monitoring is accomplished by determining the state of flow of the hydraulic fluid entering the several hydropneumatic storage tanks while the pump is running. In the event of a coincidence of a running pump and an interruption of the flow to a tank, a loss of gas volume is indicated. A flow monitor having a control contact within each pipeline supplying the hydraulic fluid as well as a signal device for indicating the pump operation is provided.

Abstract: A holding device for disc-shaped semiconductor elements on a supporting wheel, particularly a rotating semiconductor device, is disclosed and includes two clamping members between which the semiconductor element is gripped by its end faces. At least one electrical connection is also between the clamping members. The holding device further comprises a resilient member for producing a contact pressure. The clamping members, the semiconductor element and possibly the associated cooling elements are preferably disposed as a fully assembled structural unit in recesses at the outer periphery of the supporting wheel.

Abstract: A gas discharge vessel and a process for extending the life of a gas discharge vessel, which is used as a radiation source, is permeable to radiation of a wavelength from 10 to 1,000 nm and has an activated cathode, wherein a metal oxide, of which the free enthalpy .DELTA.G, under the pressure and temperature conditions prevailing in the vessel, is both greater than the free enthalpy of the oxides, from which the vessel is constructed, and greater than the free enthalpy of any oxide or suboxide of the element constituting the activating substance applied to the cathode is introduced in the discharge path.

Abstract: A reaction thermionic cathode of the diffusion type on the basis of an activated high-temperature support metal doped with a diffusion-promoting additive for the activator substance, provided with a barrier layer inhibiting the self-diffusion of this additive in an undesired direction.

Abstract: A system for regulating the rate of closing of the turbine intake valve of a steam turbine plant is disclosed. A steam turbine is supplied from a steam generator through a turbine intake valve. A branch line conducts the steam to a bypass valve which is normally closed. In the event of conditions making it necessary to close the turbine intake valve rapidly, a regulator is provided to control the rate of closing of the turbine intake valve and the opening of the bypass valve so that the pressure conditions in the steam generator do not exceed the limits established by the manufacturer. Pressure measuring instruments are placed in the system to sense the pressure immediately upstream from the turbine intake valve and the bypass valve as well as the initial steam supply pressure. These pressure signals are transmitted to a computer which produces a control signal in accordance with predetermined conditions.

Abstract: Turbine blades having heat localization segments, especially for use in gas turbines, are disclosed. The segments are provided with covering elements in the form of thin cover plates that are supported against the blade root. The segments are formed as one piece together with both the actual blade and with reinforcing elements. The segments are used to impede access of a hot working medium to the turbine rotor.

Abstract: A device for quickly reconnecting two portions of a current carrying line after separation of the line portions through actuation of a circuit breaker includes a second circuit breaker and a serially connected switch connected in parallel with a primary circuit breaker. Closure of the switch reconnects the line portions through the second circuit breaker after actuation of the primary circuit breaker. The switch can include auxiliary contacts for supplying power to an ignition device associated with the second circuit breaker, to render the second circuit breaker operable only when the switch is closed.

Abstract: A roller cradle of an inherently stable furnace comprises a contact surface whose rest portion has a curvature which is less than that of the remaining contact surface portions. The rest portion is preferentially flat and the remaining portions are of involute form. The geometry of the roller cradle is such as to provide an approximately constant restoring moment. Sufficient restoring moment is ensured in the case of small tilt angles.