Abstract: An ambipolar, light-emitting transistor comprising an organic semiconductive layer in contact with an electron injecting electrode and a hole injecting electrode separated by a distance L defining the channel length of the transistor, in which the zone of: the organic semiconductive layer from which the light is emitted is located more than L/10 away from both the electron as well as the hole injecting electrode.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and means for assessing cognitive dysfunction, in particular impulsivity associated cognitive dysfunction, which may for example include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), substance abuse, and non-toxic addictive/compulsive behavior. A method may comprise displaying a population of elements to the individual and allowing the sequential selection of elements within the population by the individual. The selection of an element reveals to the individual a characteristic of the selected element which is one of a number of possible characteristics of elements in said population. The sequential selection ends when the individual chooses which of the possible characteristics is possessed by the most elements in the population. The number of elements selected by the individual in making this choice is then correlated to the likelihood that the individual has impulsivity associated cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract: A polymer containing an optionally substituted repeat unit of formula (I) wherein each R is the same or different and represents H or an electron withdrawing group, and each R1 is the same or different and represents a substituent.

Abstract: A method for forming an electronic device having a semiconducting active layer comprising a polymer, the method comprising aligning the chains of the polymer parallel to each other by bringing the polymer into a liquid-crystalline phase.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprises a hole injecting electrode, an electron injecting electrode and at least one organic light emitting layer disposed between said hole injecting electrode and said electron injecting electrode wherein a layered metal chalcogenide layer is disposed between said hole injecting electrode and said light emitting layer.

Abstract: We describe methods of characterizing a set of images to determine their respective illumination, for example for recovering the 3D shape of an illuminated object. The method comprises: inputting a first set of images of the object captured from different positions; determining frontier point data from the images, this defining a plurality of frontier points on the object and for each said frontier point a direction of a normal to the surface of the object at the frontier point, and determining data defining the image capture positions; inputting a second set of images of said object, having substantially the same viewpoint and different illumination conditions; and characterizing the second set of images said frontier point data to determine data comprising object reflectance parameter data (?) and, for each image of said second set, illumination data (L) comprising data defining an illumination direction and illumination intensity for the image.

Abstract: A method of production of carbon nanoparticles comprises the steps of: providing on substrate particles a transition metal compound which is decomposable to yield the transition metal under conditions permitting carbon nanoparticle formation, contacting a gaseous carbon source with the substrate particles, before, during or after said contacting step, decomposing the transition metal compound to yield the transition metal on the substrate particles, forming carbon nanoparticles by decomposition of the carbon source catalysed by the transition metal, and collecting the carbon nanoparticles formed.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprises a hole injecting electrode, an electron injecting electrode and at least one organic light emitting layer disposed between said hole injecting electrode and said electron injecting electrode wherein a layered metal chalcogenide layer is disposed between said hole injecting electrode and said light emitting layer.

Abstract: A method for forming an electronic device having a semiconducting active layer comprising a polymer, the method comprising aligning the chains of the polymer parallel to each other by bringing the polymer into a liquid-crystalline phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for displaying a holographically generated video image having plural video frames. For each frame there is provided and computed (20) a respective sequential plurality of holograms. Each said sequential plurality of holograms of the plural video frames are sequentially displayed on a diffractive element (12) for viewing the replay field thereof, and the noise variance of each frame is perceived as attenuated by averaging across said plurality of holograms.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device includes a hole injecting electrode, an electron injecting electrode and at least one organic light emitting layer disposed between the hole injecting electrode and the electron injecting electrode wherein a layered metal chalcogenide layer is disposed between the hole injecting electrode and the light emitting layer.

Abstract: A light-emissive device comprising a light-emissive material provided between first and second electrodes such that charge carriers can move between the first and second electrodes and the light-emissive material, wherein the device includes a layer of a polymer blend provided between the first and second electrodes, phase separation of the polymers in the polymer blend having been induced in at least a portion of the polymer blend so as to control the propagation of light emitted by the light-emissive material in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: Recycling a metal/organic laminate continuously involves providing a reactor having a first chamber with a first rotary stirrer, a second chamber with a second rotary stirrer, each chamber containing particulate microwave absorbing material, introducing laminate and additional absorbing material into the first chamber under a reducing or inert atmosphere, stirring and applying microwave energy sufficiently to pyrolyze organic material, transferring a portion of the mixture to the second chamber where it is stirred and microwave energy applied to pyrolyze remaining organic material, delaminate or delaminated metal migrating toward and floating on the upper surface of the mixture, where the second stirrer rotates in a horizontal plane and fluidizes the mixture to give the upper surface of the mixture a radial profile biasing metal floating to migrate radially outwardly, and recovering metal from an exit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming coatings of at least two different coating molecules on at least two electrodes, the method comprising: (a) providing an array of at least two individually-addressable electrodes, (b) allowing a layer of a masking molecule to adsorb onto all electrodes, (c) inducing electrochemical desorption of the masking molecule from at least one but not all electrodes to expose a first set of exposed electrodes, (d) allowing a first coating molecule to adsorb onto the first set of exposed electrodes, (e) exposing all electrodes to a masking molecule to allow adsorption of the masking molecule onto all electrodes, (f) inducing electrochemical desorption of masking molecule from a second set of electrodes to expose a second set of exposed electrodes, (g) allowing a second coating molecule to adsorb onto the second set of exposed electrodes.

Abstract: A method for forming an electronic device having a semiconducting active layer comprising a polymer, the method comprising aligning the chains of the polymer parallel to each other by bringing the polymer into a liquid-crystalline phase.

Abstract: A packet switch having plural input sectors and output sectors, each input sector being arranged to hold at least one queue per output sector, each output sector having plural output ports and being arranged to hold at least one queue per output port wherein the input sectors are connected to the output sectors via links configured to afford speed-up of data transfer, wherein the links comprise a set of links, and wherein the switch has means for cyclically connecting different subsets of the set of links between the input sectors and the output sectors, and means responsive to statistical variations in traffic applied to input ports of said input sectors to vary the set of links.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for producing a variant polypeptide (e.g. antibodies) having increased binding affinity for an Fc?R, which processes comprise modifying the polypeptides by substitution of the amino acid at position 268 of a human IgG CH2 region for a non-native polar or charged amino acid e.g. Gln, Asn, Glu, or Asp. also provided are corresponding polypeptides, nucleic acids, and methods of use of the same e.g. in improved lytic therapies.

Abstract: A method for producing aligned carbon nanotubes and/or nanofibres comprises providing finely divided substrate particle having substantially smooth faces with radii of curvature of more than 1 ?m and of length and breadth between 1 ?m and 5 mm and having catalyst material on their surface and a carbon-containing gas at a temperature and pressure at which the carbon-containing gas will react to form carbon when in the presence of the supported catalyst, and forming aligned nanotubes and/or nanofibres by the carbon-forming reaction.

Abstract: A method of making a transistor having first and second electrodes, a semiconductive layer, and a dielectric layer; said semiconductive layer comprising a semiconductive polymer and said dielectric layer comprising an insulating polymer; characterised in that said method comprises the steps of: (i) depositing on the first electrode a layer of a solution containing material for forming the semiconductive layer and material for forming the dielectric layer; and (ii) optionally curing the layer deposited in step (i); wherein, in step (i), the solvent drying time, the temperature of the first electrode and the weight ratio, of (material for forming the dielectric layer): (material for forming the semiconductive layer) in the solution are selected so that the material for forming the semiconductive layer and the material for forming the dielectric layer phase separate by self-organisation to form an interface between the material for forming the semiconductive layer and the material for forming the dielectric l

Abstract: A conductive polymer composition comprising: a polymer having a HOMO level greater than or equal to ?5.7 eV and a dopant having a LUMO level less than ?4.3 eV.