Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel mechanism for regulating GSK3 kinases, including BIN2 and human GSK3-beta, by dephosphorylating GSK3 kinases through the PP1 phosphatase, such as the plant BSU1 phosphatases and human PP1-gamma.

Abstract: This invention relates to partially ordered and ordered oxynitride perovskites of the general formula ABO2N that are polar insulators. A comprises one or more cations or set of cations that sit in sites derived from the A-site in the perovskite structure. B comprises one or more cations or set of cations that sit in sites derived from the B-site in the perovskite structure. C comprises oxygen, O, with optionally some nitrogen, N, and D comprises N, with optionally some O. The total valence of the cations A+B is equal to the total valence of the anions 2 C+D. Also disclosed are methods of producing such oxynitride perovskites and uses of such oxynitride perovskites.

Abstract: A process is provided of introducing an RNA into a living cell to inhibit gene expression of a target gene in that cell. The process may be practiced ex vivo or in vivo. The RNA has a region with double-stranded structure. Inhibition is sequence-specific in that the nucleotide sequences of the duplex region of the RNA and of a portion of the target gene are identical. The present invention is distinguished from prior art interference in gene expression by antisense or triple-strand methods.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to new laser-related uses for single-crystal diamonds produced by chemical vapor deposition. One such use is as a heat sink for a laser; another such use is as a frequency converter. The invention is also directed to a ?(3) nonlinear crystalline material for Raman laser converters comprising single crystal diamond.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an antibody or fragment thereof capable of specifically binding to an epitope of the amino acid sequence CDPAFLYKVVD (SEQ ID NO:1) or a fragment of at least 5, 6, or 7 amino acids thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods to automatically analyze Landsat satellite data of forests. The present invention can easily be used to monitor any type of forest disturbance such as from selective logging, agriculture, cattle ranching, natural hazards (fire, wind events, storms), etc. The present invention provides a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote sensing analysis of such disturbances.

Abstract: Sucrose biosensors are disclosed, which comprise a sucrose binding domain conjugated to donor and fluorescent moieties that permit detection and measurement of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer upon sucrose binding. Such biosensors are useful for real time monitoring of sucrose metabolism in living cells.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes fluorescent lipids, particularly quenched phospholipid or cholesterol analogues, to facilitate screening for phenotypes representing perturbations of lipid and/or cholesterol processing in a vertebrate; screening for genetic mutations that lead to disorders of phospholipid and/or cholesterol metabolism; and screening of compounds designed to treat disorders of phospholipid and/or cholesterol metabolism in the vertebrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for detecting changes in tryptophan concentrations in a cell and methods for identifying agents that modulate cellular tryptophan concentrations. In particular, the present invention provides methods for detecting cellular exchange between tryptophan and kynurenine, and methods for identifying agents that modulate this exchange. The present invention also provides methods for treating a disease associated with immunosuppression in a subject in need thereof. In particular, the present invention is directed toward a method of treating a disease associated with immunosuppression comprising contacting the disease with an agent that modulates cellular Trp/kynurenine exchange. Furthermore, the present invention provides methods for identifying an agent that modulates an immunosuppression.

Abstract: A novel molecular alloy of O2 and H2 and a method of producing such a molecular alloy are provided. When subjected to high pressure and extensive x-radiation, H2O molecules cleaved, forming O—O and H—H bonds. In the method of the present invention, the O and H framework in ice VII was converted into a molecular alloy of O2 and H2. X-ray diffraction, x-ray Raman scattering, and optical Raman spectroscopy demonstrate that this crystalline solid differs from previously known phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to single crystal diamond with optical quality and methods of making the same. The diamond possesses an intensity ratio of the second-order. Raman peak to the fluorescence background of around 5 or greater.

Abstract: A modification of PbTiO3 perovskite wherein at least part of Pb is replaced by a smaller atom with a similar ionic charge.

Abstract: This invention relates to plant fatty acyl hydroxylases. Methods to use conserved amino acid or nucleotide sequences to obtain plant fatty acyl hydroxylases are described. Also described is the use of cDNA clones encoding a plant hydroxylase to produce a family of hydroxylated fatty acids in transgenic plants. In addition, the use of genes encoding fatty acid hydroxylases or desaturases to alter the level of lipid fatty acid unsaturation in transgenic plants is described.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for detecting changes in tryptophan concentrations in a cell and methods for identifying agents that modulate cellular tryptophan concentrations. In particular, the present invention provides methods for detecting cellular exchange between tryptophan and kynurenine, and methods for identifying agents that modulate this exchange. The present invention also provides methods for treating a disease associated with immunosuppression in a subject in need thereof. In particular, the present invention is directed toward a method of treating a disease associated with immunosuppression comprising contacting the disease with an agent that modulates cellular Trp/kynurenine exchange. Furthermore, the present invention provides methods for identifying an agent that modulates an immunosuppression.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing colorless, single-crystal diamonds at a rapid growth rate. The method for diamond production includes controlling temperature of a growth surface of the diamond such that all temperature gradients across the growth surface of the diamond are less than about 20° C., and growing single-crystal diamond by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition on the growth surface of a diamond at a growth temperature in a deposition chamber having an atmosphere, wherein the atmosphere comprises from about 8% to about 20% CH4 per unit of H2 and from about 5 to about 25% O2 per unit of CH4. The method of the invention can produce diamonds larger than 10 carats. Growth rates using the method of the invention can be greater than 50 ?m/hour.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to new uses and applications for colorless, single-crystal diamonds produced at a rapid growth rate. The present invention is also directed to methods for producing single crystal diamonds of varying color at a rapid growth rate and new uses and applications for such single-crystal, colored diamonds.

Abstract: Neurotransmitter biosensors are disclosed, including YbeJ-based glutamate binding biosensors, comprising a neurotransmitter binding domain conjugated to donor and fluorescent moieties that permit detection and measurement of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer upon binding neurotransmitter. Such biosensors are useful for the detection of neurotransmitter concentrations in vivo and in culture.

Abstract: A single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition annealed at pressures in excess of 4.0 GPa and heated to temperature in excess of 1500 degrees C. that has a hardness of greater than 120 GPa. A method for manufacture a hard single crystal diamond includes growing a single crystal diamond and annealing the single crystal diamond at pressures in excess of 4.0 GPa and a temperature in excess of 1500 degrees C. to have a hardness in excess of 120 GPa.

Abstract: This invention relates to plant fatty acyl hydroxylases. Methods to use conserved amino acid or nucleotide sequences to obtain plant fatty acyl hydroxylases are described. Also described is the use of cDNA clones encoding a plant hydroxylase to produce a family of hydroxylated fatty acids in transgenic plants. In addition, the use of genes encoding fatty acid hydroxylases or desaturases to alter the level of lipid fatty acid unsaturation in transgenic plants is described.

Abstract: A single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition has a hardness of 50-90 GPa and a fracture toughness of 11-20 MPa m1/2. A method for growing a single crystal diamond includes placing a seed diamond in a holder; and growing single crystal diamond at a temperature of about 1000° C. to about 1100° C. such that the single crystal diamond has a fracture toughness of 11-20 MPa m1/2.