Abstract: A temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process for removing a target component from a gaseous mixture, where the process is carried out in a plurality of reactors. Each reactor performs the following steps: an adsorption step wherein an input stream of said gaseous mixture is contacted with a solid adsorbent selective for said target component, producing a first waste stream depleted of the target component; a heating step for regeneration of the loaded adsorbent providing a first output stream containing the target component; and a cooling step of the regenerated adsorbent.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonia and a derivative of ammonia from a natural gas feed comprising conversion of natural gas into a make-up synthesis gas; synthesis of ammonia; use of said ammonia to produce said derivative of ammonia, wherein a portion of the natural gas feed is used to fuel a gas turbine; power produced by said gas turbine is transferred to at least one power user of the process, such as a compressor; heat is recovered from exhaust gas of said gas turbine, and at least part of said heat is recovered as low-grade heat available at a temperature not greater than 200° C., to provide process heating to at least one thermal user of the process, such as CO2 removal unit or absorption chiller; a corresponding plant and method of modernization are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for purification of a current of hydrogen synthesis gas (100), particularly in the front-end of an ammonia plant, wherein said gas contains hydrogen and minor amounts of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water and impurities, said process including steps of methanation (13) of said current (100), converting residual amounts of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to methane and water, dehydration (14) of the gas to remove water, and then a cryogenic purification (15) such as liquid nitrogen wash, to remove methane and Argon; a corresponding plant and method for revamping an ammonia plant are also disclosed.

Abstract: Shell-and-tube equipment includes baffles supporting the tubes, each baffle having seats for receiving the tubes shaped so as to receive one or more tubes in at least one free play condition and in a locking condition; each baffle is displaceable with respect to the tube bundle between an assembly position and a working position; in the assembly position the tubes can be received by the baffles in the free play condition while in the working position the tubes are locked.

Abstract: A shell-and-tube stripper for carbamate decomposition and ammonia recovery from a urea solution comprising a bundle of heated tubes, said tubes being fed with said urea solution and carbon dioxide as stripping medium, the urea solutions forming a liquid falling film on the internal surface of the tubes and the carbon dioxide forming a counter-current gaseous flow; said tubes comprise an external layer made of super austenitic or super duplex stainless steel and an internal layer made of zirconium, said internal layer reaching temperatures higher than 220° C.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of ammonia comprising the steps of reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock into a raw product gas, purification of said raw product gas obtaining a make-up synthesis gas, conversion of said synthesis gas into ammonia; said purification includes shift conversion of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and the reforming process requires a heat input which is at least partially recovered from at least one of said step of shift conversion, which is carried out with a peak temperature of at least 450° C., and said step of conversion into ammonia.

Abstract: A nitric acid production process, comprising tertiary abatement of N2O and NOx on a tail gas withdrawn from an absorption stage, said abatement including passing the tail gas over a sequence of a deN2O stage comprising a Fe-z catalyst and a deNOx stage comprising a V2O5-TiO2 catalyst in the presence of gaseous ammonia, wherein the tail gas at the inlet of deN2O stage and the tail gas at the inlet of deNOx stage have a temperature greater than 400° C.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of methanol from an input stream of synthesis gas, comprising the following steps: subjecting a portion of said input stream as feed stream to an adiabatic reactive step, providing an effluent containing methanol and unreacted synthesis gas; quenching of said effluent with a further portion of said input stream, providing a quenched stream; subjecting said quenched stream to an isothermal reactive step, providing a methanol-containing product stream.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of ammonia comprising the steps of reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock into a raw product gas, purification of said raw product gas obtaining a make-up synthesis gas, conversion of said synthesis gas into ammonia; said purification includes shift conversion of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and the reforming process requires a heat input which is at least partially recovered from at least one of said step of shift conversion, which is carried out with a peak temperature of at least 450° C., and said step of conversion into ammonia.

Abstract: Method for producing solid urea by granulation, wherein the granulation is fed with liquid urea having a purity greater than 98% by weight and not containing formaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for making a combined fertilizer comprising a first nitrogen-based fertilizer, such as urea or ammonium nitrate, and one or more further components chosen among: nitrogen-based fertilizers, being different from the first nitrogen-based fertilizer and nutrients, wherein the combined fertilizer is made by a process of granulation in a fluid bed, the fluid bed being preferably in a vortex condition.

Abstract: A method for treatment of process condensate (1) in an ammonia plant, wherein the ammonia plant comprises a front-end section producing a make-up gas and a synthesis section where the make-up gas is reacted to ammonia, and said process condensate (1) is collected from one or more equipment of the ammonia plant and is an aqueous solution comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and methanol. Said method comprises: stripping said process condensate with low-pressure steam (4), obtaining a vapour phase (5) comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and methanol stripped from the process condensate; condensing said vapour phase, obtaining a solution (11) enriched of ammonia and methanol; re-introducing a first portion (12) of said solution to said stripping environment; recycling a second portion (13) of said solution to said ammonia plant.

Abstract: Plant for the synthesis of urea comprising: a synthesis section (101), wherein ammonia (1) and carbon dioxide (2) react to give an aqueous solution (3) containing urea and ammonium carbamate; at least one recovery section fed with said depressurized aqueous solution and in a two-phase state, said recovery section comprising a separator (104,108) which processes said two-phase solution; a pre-decomposer (105, 109), a decomposer (106, 110) and a condenser (107, 111), wherein the gaseous streams obtained in the separator and in the decomposer are condensed in said condenser of the recovery section.

Abstract: A shell-and-tube apparatus (1), suitable for use as a waste heat boiler, comprising a vessel with an exchanging section (2) and a separating section (3), wherein: said exchanging section (2) contains a bundle of U-tubes (4) fed with an evaporable liquid medium such as water (W) and exposed to a hot gas (G) flowing in a hot chamber around said tubes, so that said medium is partially evaporated in the tubes while recovering heat from hot gas flowing in the hot chamber (7); said separating section (3) comprises a collection chamber (16) in communication with outlet of the tubes (4) to receive the partially evaporated medium leaving the tubes; said separating section (3) is arranged to provide separation of vapour fraction and liquid fraction from the partially evaporated medium at least partially by gravity; the apparatus also comprises means for controlling the liquid level in the collection chamber and for a partial recycle of the non-evaporated liquid.

Abstract: Granulator (1), in particular for urea, comprising an active system for removal of encrustations from at least one wall (4) with a surface (14) exposed to the granulation process, wherein said system operates by imparting a pulsed deformation to said wall.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

Abstract: Method for solidifying a chemical product (10) which is in melt form, comprising the following steps: subjecting a first stream (10a) of said chemical product to a prilling stage, with production of prills (12) of varying diameter; feeding said prills (12) to a screening device, which separates them according to their diameter into at least a first fraction (13) and a second fraction (14), the average diameter of the prills of said first fraction (13) being smaller than the average diameter of the prills of said second fraction (14); subjecting a second stream (10b) of said chemical product and the first fraction (13) of prills to a granulation stage, with the production of granules (16).

Abstract: Tube-bundle heat exchange unit (1) for internals of heat exchangers or reactors, comprising: at least one tube bundle (2); a plurality of baffles (3) associated with said tube bundle and defining through-openings according to a predefined arrangement, each opening being passed through by one of more tubes of the tube bundle, and a shell (6) which surrounds said tube bundle and said baffles, wherein the assembly of the tube bundle and the shell can be disassembled and the shell is structurally collaborating with the tube bundle through said baffles.