Abstract: A process of breaking up a foam into a liquid component and a gaseous component by action of centrifugal forces, includes drawing the foam axially into a centrifugal fan device by suction; then, accelerating the foam radially by centrifugal forces over a plurality of ribs and/or baffles, forcing the liquid component through a peripheral liquid discharge outlet; feeding the gaseous component through at least one gas outlet prior to forcing the liquid component through the liquid discharge outlet; advantageously feeding the gaseous component in a radial direction opposite to that in which the foam flows in the fan device, and after that, conducting the gaseous component axially through a gas outlet.

Abstract: In a method and a device for extracting liquid or gas from a liquid or gaseous mixture containing dispersed solid particles, a cylindrical filter disposed in a container receiving a mixture to be filtered is subjected to oscillations in the axial direction of the filter while the mesh of the filter is of the size greater than that of particles to be retained on the filter.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the submersed growth of human and animal cell cultures, the cell growth container is provided with a centrally disposed permeator, which is formed simultaneously as conduit tube and reactor, and is provided on both sides with gas-permeable membranes. A gas of defined composition is led through the hollow porous support body of the permeator as fresh gas on one side, and led away on the other side as waste gas. In this manner the gas delivers oxygen across the membrane and receives carbon dioxide. The nutrient substrate and the tissue cells are held in suspension by means of a stirrer provided in the interior of the permeator. Foam problems do not occur, since no gas bubbles can enter into the medium.

Abstract: In submerged growing of tissue cells on microcarriers in a culture medium, the culture medium is alternately aerated or withdrawn from a bottom of a culture container via a sintered plate. An air chamber is formed under the sintered plate.

Abstract: Growing of microorganisms takes place in a fermenter in which simultaneously products of metabolism are separated and withdrawn by microfiltration with the aid of a diaphragm filter, and a suspension of microorganisms is stirred in the fermenter in the region immediately surrounding the diaphragm filter.

Abstract: Date fruits are extracted by a wet grinding operation after addition of water and subsequent filtration of the homogenized product with the aid of a cellulosic filter aid. The date pits may be used as the filter aid. A fermentation may be carried out before the filtration. A high concentrate feed material is thus obtained.

Abstract: A method of aerating liquids, particularly for aerobic growing of microorganisms, has the steps of forming a circumferential stream of liquid, forming a longitudinal stream of liquid, and superimposing these streams so as to form a combined closed spiral-shaped stream. An arrangement is provided in which the circumferential stream is formed by an upright conduit tube and an impeller, the longitudinal stream is formed by a distributing element with a plurality of nozzles, and the superimposing of the streams is attained by fixedly mounting the distributing element relative to the impeller.

Abstract: A filter apparatus has an elongated shaft, a plurality of filtering elements mounted on the shaft and spaced from one another in direction of elongation of the latter, and means for cleaning the filtering elements. The cleaning means includes a source of cleaning medium under elevated pressure and a plurality of nozzle elements communicating with this source. The nozzle elements face toward surfaces of filtering material provided on the filter elements and are turnable relative to these surfaces. The cleaning medium is ejected from the nozzle elements at a pressure between substantially 5 and 100 bar toward the surfaces of the filtering material of the filter elements so that the cleaning medium removes a cake deposited during a filtering process from the surfaces of the filtering material and thereupon also cleans the filtering material of the filter elements.

Abstract: A method of feeding fish in a tank with water comprises the steps of forming in the fish tank a region for feeding fish, introducing into the region a water-stable fodder and forcedly moving the water in the fish tank so as to maintain the fodder floating in the feeding region. In an arrangement for performing the method means forming a feeding station, and means for forcedly moving water in the feeding station are provided. The method of the invention may also comprise the step of utilizing heat liberated during operation of a biological reactor for heating agitated water in the fish tank. A water-stable fish fodder comprises particulate nutrient matter and a protein-containing binder imparting substantial water stability to the fodder formed as a pallet. The binder may be admixed with or may outwardly cover the particulate nutrient matter.

Abstract: A method of cultivating cells of animal and human tissues includes the steps of introducing the cells into a nutrient solution in which they tend to settle, and maintaining the cells in the solution in a suspended state so as to prevent their settling by introducing an oxygen-containing gas to the solution. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes a container for a nutrient solution, an arrangement for introducing the oxygen-containing gas into the container, and a guide arrangement in the container and operative for guiding the nutrient solution so that the latter performs a circulatory movement in the container when the oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the latter. The guide arrangement may be formed as a tubular member, as a substantially flat partition wall, or as an inner wall of a circumferentially complete tubular container.

Abstract: An arrangement for cultivating cells of animal and human tissues in a monocellular layer and the like, has a container bounding an inner chamber for accommodating a nutrient medium, and a plurality of tubular supporting elements for supporting the cells and rotatable about an axis. The tubular rotatable elements extend in an axial direction of the inner chamber of the container. Additional elements are provided for rotating the tubular supporting elements. These additional rotating elements include an axle which defines the axis of rotation, and two end discs each arranged adjacent to and supporting one of the axial ends of the tubular supporting elements. The tubular supporting elements extend in a horizontal direction. However, they can be inclined at an angle relative to the horizontal direction by means of rotation of the end discs in mutually opposite directions.

Abstract: A method of cultivating cells of animal and human tissues includes the steps of introducing the cells into a nutrient solution in which they tend to settle, and maintaining the cells in the solution in a suspended state so as to prevent their settling by introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the solution. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes a container for a nutrient solution, an arrangement for introducing the oxygen-containing gas into the container, and a guide arrangement in the container and operative for guiding the nutrient solution so that the latter performs a circulatory movement in the container when the oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the latter. The guide arrangement may be formed as a tubular member, as a substantially flat partition wall, or as an inner wall of a circumferentially complete tubular container.

Abstract: A filter apparatus has an elongated shaft, a plurality of filtering elements mounted on the shaft and spaced from one another in direction of elongation of the latter, and means for cleaning the filtering elements. The cleaning means includes a source of cleaning medium under elevated pressure and a plurality of nozzle elements communicating with this source. The nozzle elements face toward surfaces of filtering material provided on the filter elements and are turnable relative to these surfaces. The cleaning medium is ejected from the nozzle elements at a pressure between substantially 5 and 100 bar toward the surfaces of the filtering material of the filter elements so that the cleaning medium removes a cake deposited during a filtering process from the surfaces of the filtering material and thereupon also cleans the filtering material of the filter elements.

Abstract: An arrangement for cultivating cells of animal and human tissues in a monocellular layer and the like, has a container bounding an inner chamber for accommodating a nutrient medium, and a plurality of tubular supporting elements for supporting the cells and rotatable about an axis. The tubular rotatable elements extend in an axial direction of the inner chamber of the container. Additional elements are provided for rotating the tubular supporting elements. These additional rotating elements include an axle which defines the axis of rotation, and two end discs each arranged adjacent to and supporting one of the axial ends of the tubular supporting elements. The tubular supporting elements extend in a horizontal direction. However, they can be inclined at an angle relative to the horizontal direction by means of rotation of the end discs in mutually opposite directions.

Abstract: A filter element includes a filter material which has an outer surface for accumulating a filter cake thereon and an inner surface. A plurality of supports is provided for supporting the filter element at the inner surface thereof. Adjacent ones of the supports define spaces between themselves. At least portions of the filter material bend inwardly into these spaces between the adjacent supports and relative to the remaining parts of the filter material, under the pressure of a medium to be filtered which is supplied onto the outer surface of the filter material. During backflushing of the filter element these portions bend outwardly of the spaces and the filter cake is thereby dislodged from the outer surface of the filter material.

Abstract: A process is provided for filtering a liquid containing solids having a substantially different specific gravity relative to the liquid. The process includes the steps of providing a filter element having a hollow interior communicating with an outlet and being bounded by a filter mesh, passing a liquid containing solids having a substantially different specific gravity relative to the liquid against the outside of the filter mesh so that the filtrate enters into the interior and leaves the filter element through the outlet, and establishing a pressure differential between the interior and the ambient space so as to form an elevated pressure within the interior of the filter element, thereby irregular filter cake formations of the solids are at least substantially avoided because of the pressure differential between the outside of the filter mesh and the hollow interior. A filter for performing this process is also provided.

Abstract: A hollow filter housing is provided with a support and a plurality of fiber bundles located on the support. The fibers extend within the filter housing in direction between an inlet and an outlet of the housing. The contaminated medium is introduced into the housing through the inlet in a direction towards the outlet to flow past the plurality of the fiber bundles. The contaminated medium becomes filtered as it passes through the filter bundles without compressing the latter against the support.

Abstract: A process for drying solid residues obtained in filtration processes, in which the residue is first dried by passing a gas through it while it is still on the filter elements, and then whirl drying the residue in a lower portion of the reaction vessel. A system in which the drying gas is circulated is described. This results in a process which permits the preparation of dry filter residues which are easily transportable and avoids problems of separation from the filter elements while still wet.

Abstract: In a pressure filter for liquid media a plurality of filter elements is supported by a removable hollow cross bar which, when the filter tank is opened, can be removed together with all or groups of the filter elements. The filter element has a flexible filter wall and preferably an outer fine meshed wall and an inner coarse meshed wall.Between the two wall portions a packing material is arranged. Preferably the entire filter element is a flexible tube element. Spray tubes are arranged in the filter tank which are also removable together with their supporting carrier member. The spray elements serve to rinse out the filter cake. This may be done by passing the rinsing agent agent successively at spaced time periods through individual groups of the filter elements.

Abstract: A method of cultivating cells of animal and human tissues includes the steps of introducing the cells into a nutrient solution in which they tend to settle, and maintaining the cells in the solution in a suspended state so as to prevent their settling by introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the solution. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes a container for a nutrient solution, an arrangement for introducing the oxygen-containing gas into the container, and a guide arrangement in the container and operative for guiding the nutrient solution so that the latter performs a circulatory movement in the container when the oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the latter. The guide arrangement may be formed as a tubular member, as a substantially flat partition wall, or as an inner wall of a circumferentially complete tubular container.