Abstract: In a pressure filter for liquid media a plurality of filter elements is supported by a removable hollow cross bar which, when the filter tank is opened, can be removed together with all or groups of the filter elements. The filter element has a flexible filter wall and preferably an outer fine meshed wall and an inner coarse meshed wall.Between the two wall portions a packing material is arranged. Preferably the entire filter element is a flexible tube element. Spray tubes are arranged in the filter tank which are also removable together with their supporting carrier member. The spray elements serve to rinse out the filter cake. This may be done by passing the rinsing agent successively at spaced time periods through individual groups of the filter elements.

Abstract: A process for filtering molten coal is provided. The process comprises the steps of providing a filter, passing a stream of molten coal which includes some solid material against said filter and filtering the solid material so as to form a filter cake on and to pass a filtrate through said filter, directing a stream of inert gas against said filter cake so as to dry the same to a predetermined low moisture content, centrifuging said dried filter cake off said filter, separating from the filter cake a fraction composed of fine particles, adding said separated fine particles to a stream of molten coal upstream of said filter, and passing said stream of molten coal and separated fine particles against said filter, whereby said fine particles act as a filter aid for the filtration of the molten coal.

Abstract: A process is provided for filtering a liquid containing solids having a substantially different specific gravity relative to the liquid. The process includes the steps of providing a filter element having a hollow interior communicating with an outlet and being bounded by a filter mesh, passing a liquid containing solids having a substantially different specific gravity relative to the liquid against the outside of the filter mesh so that the filtrate enters into the interior and leaves the filter element through the outlet, and establishing a pressure differential between the interior and the ambient space so as to form an elevated pressure within the interior of the filter element, thereby irregular filter cake formations of the solids are at least substantially avoided because of the pressure differential between the outside of the filter mesh and the hollow interior. A filter for performing this process is also provided.

Abstract: A process for filtering a cellulose acetate solution comprises the steps of providing a solution of cellulose acetate which is dissolved in an organic solvent; adding to the solution a quantity of loose particulate matter and loose fibers so as to form a mixture; and filtering the solution through pores of a filter medium so as to produce a filtrate of the solution, whereby due to addition of the loose particulate matter and the loose fibers clogging of the pores is reduced relative to the amount of filtrate passing through the pores and the effective filtering time of the filtering medium is thereby increased.

Abstract: A disc filter includes a housing and a plurality of filter discs mounted in the housing at different levels of the latter. Means is provided for sensing the presence of a filter cake formed on one of the filter discs when the filter cake has a predetermined thickness. The sensing means includes a sensing member which is displaceable in response to the generation of a pressure differential thereacross. The sensing means further includes a switch which is connected with the sensing member and is operative in response to displacement of the sensing member. The sensing member, which is favorably in the form of a plate, is located intermediate a pair of the filter discs and is preferably arranged immediately below the lower surface of the upper filter disc of the pair. In operation, a medium to be filtered is admitted into the housing of the filter under pressure. As the medium is filtered by the filter discs, filter cakes build up on the filter discs.

Abstract: Bakery-type wastes as they occur in the food industry and which contain substantial amounts of fats, sugar, proteins and starch are recovered by removing the fat- and oil-component from the waste by a solvent extraction-filtration step followed by recovery of the sugar and starch protein mixture for reuse in the industry.