Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene at high pressures using a hydroxylamine ester as radical initiator. The hydroxylamine esters according to the invention are suitable initiators for the high pressure polymerization of ethylene leading to high molecular weight polyethylenes with narrow molecular weight distributions (Poyldispersity Index PD=1.2-4.5).

Abstract: The present invention relates to pigments, comprising a plate-like substrate of perlite, and (a) a dielectric material, especially a metal oxide, having a high index of refraction; and/or (a) a metal layer, especially a thin semi-transparent metal layer; a process for their production and their use in paints, ink-jet printing, for dyeing textiles, for pigmenting coatings (paints), printing inks, plastics, cosmetics, glazes for ceramics and glass.

Abstract: Disclosed are thiol dyes of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently from each other are hydrogen; unsubstituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched, monocyclic or polycyclic, interrupted or uninterrupted C1-C14alkyl; C2-C14alkenyl; C6-C10aryl; C6-C10aryl-C1-C10alkyl; or C5-C10alkyl(C5-C10aryl); A is a residue of an organic dye; and Y1 is the direct bond; C1C10alkylene; C5-C10cycloalkylene; C5-C12arylene; or C5-C12arylene-(C1-C10alkylene). The compounds are used to dye hair with or without reducing agents. Furthermore, the present invention relates to compositions comprising thiol dyes of formula (I) and to process for the preparation of theses compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a composition, comprising a micronised insoluble organic UV absorber, which method comprises grinding the insoluble organic UV absorber, in coarse particle form, in a grinding apparatus comprising yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide grinding beads, in the presence of alkyl polyglucoside having the formula CnH2n+1O(C6H10O5)xH, in which n is an integer ranging from 8 to 16 and x is the mean polymerisation level of the glucoside moiety (C6H10O5) and ranges from 1.4 to 1.6, or an ester thereof and in the presence of an antifoam agent as dispersingagent auxiliary.

Abstract: A highly crosslinked polysiloxane dye comprising at least 10 Si atoms, including at least one moiety of the formula (I) whose open Si-bonds each are linked to an oxygen atom and open O-bond is linked to a silicon atom in the rest of the polysiloxane, and wherein T is a direct bond or an organic spacer group such as C1-C18alkylene, C2-C12alkenylene, C5-C10cycloalkylene, C5-C10arylene, —C5-C10arylene-(C1-C10alkylene)- each of which may be end-capped towards the linkage to Dye by CO, COO, NR1, CONR1, NR1CONR1, CS, CSS, CSNR1, NR1CSNR1, O, S, SO, SO2, C5-C10cycloalkylene, C5-C10arylene; or T is C3-C18alkylene interrupted, and optionally end-capped towards the linkage to Dye, by CO, COO, NR1, CONR1, NR1CONR1, CS, CSS, CSNR1, NR1CSNR1, O, S, SO, —SO2—, C5-C10cycloalkylene, C5-C10arylene; or is CO; (CH2CH2—O)1-5; COO; N(R1); CON(R1); O; S; SO; SO2; R1 is hydrogen; unsubstituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched, monocyclic or polycyclic, interrupted or uninterrupted C1-C14alkyl; C2-C14alkenyl; C6-C10aryl; C

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing (pearlescent) pigments, comprising the steps of: (1) coating of a sheet silicate with a desired metal oxide, wherein coated flakes are obtained, (2) delamination of the coated flakes obtained in step (1), wherein exfoliated coated flakes and exfoliated non-coated flakes are obtained, (3) separation of the exfoliated coated flakes from the exfoliated non-coated flakes, (4) coating the exfoliated coated flakes obtained in step (3) with metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal nitrides or mixtures thereof, wherein a (pearlescent) pigment is obtained; to (pearlescent) pigments, obtainable by the process and to the use of the (pearlescent) pigments in paints, ink-jet printing, for dyeing textiles, for pigmenting coatings, printing inks, plastics, cosmetics, glazes for ceramics and glass.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for coating the surface of a substrate comprises the following steps (i) oxidizing the surface of the substrate (ii) applying a composition comprising one or more quaternary ammonium compounds carrying one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups onto the oxidized surface of the substrate and (iii) curing the composition in order to form a coating layer, and substrates obtainable by the latter process.

Abstract: A process for modifying the surface of an inorganic or organic substrate with strongly adherent nanoparticles is described, providing to the surface modified substrate durable effects like hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, flame retardance, color, adhesion, roughness, scratch resistance, UV-absorbance, antimicrobial properties, antifouling properties, antiprotein properties, antistatic properties, antifog properties, release properties. In this process, an optional first step a) a low-temperature plasma, ozonization, high energy irradiation, corona discharge or a flame is caused to act on the inorganic or organic substrate, and in a second step b) one or more defined nanoparticles or mixtures of defined nanoparticles with monomers, containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, or solutions, suspensions or emulsions of the afore-mentioned substances, are applied, preferably at normal pressure, to the inorganic or organic substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to pigment based on (multiple) coated platelet-shaped substrates comprising an outer layer which is obtained by treatment with a metal oxide/hydroxide and then a phosphate ester, or phosphonate, or a salt thereof, with the proviso that the phosphate ester, or phosphonate do not contain fluorine, to a method for producing said pigments and the use thereof. The outer layer provides a very good photo-stabilisation of the TiO2coated platelet-shaped substrates, such as mica, combined with a good water resistance and an anti-yellowing performance.

Abstract: Functionalized nanoparticles, which are obtainable by combining in a first step a functionalized dyestuff, a silicon-based spacer and a catalyst, and in a second step reacting the product obtained in the first step with a co-reactive organic silicon, aluminum, zirconium or titanium compound. Optionally, the thus obtained functionalized nanoparticles can be combined or encapsulated with a polymer. The functionalized nanoparticles are useful as colorants and fluorescents in plastics, paints, inks, electronic materials, cosmetic articles, and the like.

Abstract: A process for mass-colouring high molecular weight material, in which process a compound of formula or a tautomer thereof, wherein M1 is H, ½M2, ?M3 or NR4R5R6R7, preferably H, ½M2 or NR4R5R6R7, especially H, M2 is an alkaline earth or transition metal in oxidation state II or an oxo-metal in oxidation state IV, M3 is Al(III), a transition metal in oxidation state III or an oxo-metal in oxidation state V, R1 is H or a non-ionic substituent, R2 is H or, independently of R1, a further non-ionic substituent, R3 is H, C1-C6alkyl, phenyl, CO—C1-C6alkyl or CO-phenyl, preferably H or CO—C1-C6alkyl, especially H, and R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently of the others H or phenyl, benzyl or C1-C6alkyl, which are unsubstituted or may be substituted by hydroxy or by halogen and in the case of C3-C6alkyl is uninterrupted or interrupted by O, is incorporated into the high molecular weight material before or during shaping.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a pattern on a substrate (S) with an upper surface and a lower surface which comprises the steps of depositing a first layer (E1) of an opaque material on the upper surface of the substrate (S), depositing a photosensitive layer (R) such that part of the photosensitive layer (R) covers at least part of the first layer (E1), exposing the photosensitive layer (R) to a light beam (L), the light beam (L) impinging on the lower surface of the substrate (S) under an oblique angle (?) of incidence, removing the exposed region of the photosensitive layer (R), depositing a second layer (E2) of an opaque material such that part of the second layer (E2) covers a remaining region of the photosensitive layer (R), and removing at least a part of the remaining region of the photosensitive layer (R).

Abstract: The invention relates to a product as obtained by reaction of: a) At least one polyol selected from the group consisting of a linear or branched, trihydric or tetrahydric alcohol and a linear pentahydric or hexahydric alcohol; b) At least one melamine comprising compound; and c) At least one dendritic polymer substituted by hydroxy groups; and to flame retardant compositions comprising these products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of forming a sprayable pesticide or herbicide formulation having improved spray drift properties comprising the steps of, i) providing an aqueous concentrate containing pesticide or herbicide, ii) providing an aqueous concentrate containing pesticidal or herbicidal adjuvant or fertiliser, iii) forming the sprayable pesticide or herbicide formulation by combining water, the pesticide or herbicide and the pesticidal or herbicidal adjuvant or fertiliser, wherein the aqueous concentrate of pesticide or herbicide and the aqueous concentrates of the pesticidal or herbicidal adjuvant or fertiliser both contain one or more polymers capable of enhancing spray drift control. The sprayable formulation may be prepared in a spray tank into which is metered water, the concentrate containing herbicide or pesticide and the concentrate containing the pesticidal or herbicidal adjuvant or fertiliser.

Abstract: A time temperature indicator for indicating temperature change over time is provided, comprising an immobilized enzyme and a substrate of the enzyme, wherein the reaction of the substrate catalyzed by the enzyme produces a reaction product in a time and temperature dependent manner and wherein the formation of the reaction product can be detected by monitoring a physical characteristic of the substrate and/or the product which is linked to its concentration. Also provided is a method of time temperature indication comprising the step of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, a method of printing the enzyme-based time temperature indicator on a packaging material or a label, a printing ink or printing ink concentrate comprising components of the enzyme-based time temperature indicator and a packaging material or a label comprising the enzyme-based time temperature indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of amines and amides for the stabilization of a cosmetic composition comprising: (a) an organic micronized UV absorber selected from a benzophenone derivative and (b) a dibenzoylmethane derivative. The use of the amines and amides results in the stabilization of the end-product formulations.

Abstract: The invention, relates to azo-compounds of formula (I), wherein >N—O—R substituted 2,2,6,6,-tetraalkyl-piperidyl groups are present. These azo-compounds have excellent flame retardant properties, either if applied alone, or combined with other compounds, having flame retardant properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of an aqueous dispersion comprising (a) a micronized sparingly soluble organic benzophenone derivative of formula (1), selected from the crystal modifications (B) and (C), wherein the crystal modification (B) is characterized by a peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern at a d-spacing of about 7.70; and wherein the crystal modification (C) is characterized by a peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern at a d-spacing of about 7.06; and (b) a dispersing agent selected from anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants; for protecting the human skin from browning and skin aging. The new crystal modification (C) represents a thermodynamically stable compound of formula (1) at 25° C. This modification is therefore suitable in dispersions comprising micro-fine particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to overcharge protection and molecular redox shuttles in rechargeable lithium-ion cells. For this, specific nitroxyls or oxoammonium salts are used in the electrolyte. This invention also relates to a method of producing such lithium-ion cells and to a method of recharging such lithium-ion cells. This invention also pertains to some nitroxyls compounds and oxoammonium salts.

Abstract: Disclosed are polymeric dyes of formula (1a); (1b); or (1c); wherein A and B, independently from each other represent a polymer backbone; X1 and X2 independently from each other are a linkage group selected from —C1-C10alkylene-; —C2-C12alkenylene-; —C5-C10cycloalkylene-; C5-C10arylene; —C5-C10arylene-(C1-C10alkylene)-; —C(O)—; —(CH2CH2—O)1-5—; —C(O)O—; —OCO—; —N(R1)—; —CON(R1)—; —(R1)NC(O)—; -0-; —S—; —S(O)—; —S(O)2—; —S(O)2—N(R1R2); or the direct bond; R1 and R2 independently from each other are hydrogen; or unsubstituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched, monocyclic or polycyclic, interrupted or uninterrupted C1-C14alkyl; C2-C14alkenyl; C6-C10aryl; C6-C10aryl-C1-C10alkyl; or C5-C10alkyl(C5-C10aryl); Y1 and Y2 independently from each other are a residue of an organic dye; or hydrogen; wherein at least one of Y1 and Y2 is a residue of an organic dye; An1, An2 and An3, independently from each other are an anion; a and b independently from each other are a number from 1 to 3; m is a number from O to 1