Abstract: A node configured to operate in a network that operates one or more of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) and Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6), the node includes circuitry configured to determine a packet is to be sent to a second node in the network, with both the node and the second node utilizing Reduced Mode micro-Segment Identifiers (uSIDs), and include an identifier in an IPv6 header of the packet denoting a destination address of the packet includes uSIDs. The circuitry can be further configured to include the identifier responsive to a determination the second node supports the identifier.

Abstract: Systems and methods in a node in an MPLS network include determining a plurality of services supported at the node; determining a bitmask to represent the plurality of services supported at the node, wherein the bitmask includes a starting service and each subsequent bit representing another service of the plurality of services and with each bit in the bitmask set based on the plurality of services supported at the node; and transmitting an advertisement to other nodes in the network with the bitmask based on the plurality of services supported at the node. The steps can further include transmitting a packet associated with a service of the plurality of services with an MPLS label stack including one or more transport labels for a destination of the packet, a service label identifying the service, and a source label identifying a source Internet Protocol (IP) address of the packet.

Abstract: Systems and methods for incrementally eliminating Border Gateway Protocol—Labeled Unicast (BGP-LU) in a multi-region network include receiving BGP-LU updates from one or more Area Border Router (ABR) nodes in a multi-region network with the ABR nodes between two areas including a first area utilizing Segment Routing without utilizing BGP-LU and a second area utilizing BGP-LU; and, responsive to a request from a first node in the first area to reach a second node in the second area, providing a Segment Identifier (SID) list to the first node where the SID list is determined based on the Segment Routing in the first area and the BGP-LU updates from the second area.

Abstract: A transmitter generates a first electrical signal comprising a first low-frequency signal, an empty period, and a pump pulse having a first frequency; and a second electrical signal comprising a second low-frequency signal and at least two probe pulses, each probe pulse having a second frequency that differs from the first frequency. The transmitter modulates first and second optical subcarriers having different polarizations using the first and second electrical signals, respectively. The transmitter generates an optical signal from the first and second optical subcarriers, wherein the first and second low-frequency signals overlap in time, wherein the empty period overlaps in time with one of the probe pulses, and wherein the pump pulse overlaps in time with another one of the probe pulses. The optical signal is detected at a receiver over an optical link, and the receiver uses the optical signal to estimate nonlinear phase shift in the optical link.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for creating a sequence of turn-up processes for amplifiers. A method, according to one implementation, includes determining when a fiber span is initially installed in an optical line system or when an Optical Line Failure (OLF) in the fiber span has recovered. The optical line system includes a first set of amplifiers deployed at an upstream node and a second set of amplifiers deployed at a downstream node, the upstream node connected to the downstream node via the fiber span. In response to determining that the fiber span is initially installed in the optical line system or that an ORL in the fiber span has recovered, the method also includes sending a flag from the upstream node to the downstream node to allow the first set of amplifiers to perform a first turn-up process before the second set of amplifiers perform a second turn-up process.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises circuitry configured to generate a predicted error signal by applying to a digital signal a distortion model characterized by parameters configured to model circuit component mismatches in a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), circuitry configured to generate a pre-compensated digital signal using the digital signal and the predicted error signal, and circuitry configured to provide the pre-compensated digital signal to the DAC for conversion into an analog signal.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) comprises circuitry configured to generate, based on a mapping, L signals representing an N-bit digital input, wherein N and L are positive integers, and wherein N<L<2N?1, and circuitry configured to control current flow from L weighted current sources using the L respective signals, thereby generating an analog output that uniquely represents the N-bit digital input, wherein the weighted current sources have weights configured to minimize at least one error metric associated with the analog output.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) comprises circuitry configured to generate, based on a mapping, L signals representing an N-bit digital input, wherein N and L are positive integers, and wherein N<L<2N?1, and circuitry configured to control current flow from L weighted current sources using the L respective signals, thereby generating an analog output that uniquely represents the N-bit digital input, wherein the weighted current sources have weights configured to minimize at least one error metric associated with the analog output.

Abstract: A gain medium is pumped by a source. An optical wave passes through a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that comprises: a substrate comprising silicon, multiple photonic structures, an input port coupling an optical wave into a waveguide formed in the PIC, and an output port coupling an optical wave out of a waveguide formed in the PIC. Propagation of an optical wave circulating around a closed path of a laser ring cavity is limited using an optical isolator such that, when the pump source exceeds a lasing threshold, the optical wave propagates in a single direction through the gain medium and PIC. From an output coupler, an output is provided that comprises a fraction (e.g., >0.5) of the power of an optical wave that is incident upon the output coupler, and remaining power of the optical wave is redirected around the closed path of the laser ring cavity.

Abstract: System and methods of measuring nonlinear interference (NLI) on a per-span basis in an optical system with a plurality of spans are provided. The method includes steps of varying power based on phase sensitive detection method on a span under test of the plurality of spans; observing total noise, at an optical receiver, from all of the plurality of spans; and isolating noise for the span under test from the total noise based on the varying power. The optical system can be in-service with one or more traffic-carrying channels, and the varying power is small enough on the span under test which does not impact the one or more traffic-carrying channels.

Abstract: A circuit includes a programmable frequency divider which receives a high-speed clock, fin, as an input and which provides a modulated reference clock as an output; a Sigma-Delta modulator which receives a Frequency Control Word (FCW) and which is connected to the programmable frequency divider to receive the modulated reference clock as a sample clock and to control an average frequency of the modulated reference clock; and an integer-N Phase Lock Loop (PLL) which receives the modulated reference clock and outputs a clock output.

Abstract: Systems and methods include monitoring users logging into a collaboration service for a corresponding online meeting; and assigning a plurality of the users to a virtual waiting room, separate from any corresponding online meeting, in advance of their corresponding online meeting to enable collaboration in the virtual waiting room. The systems and methods can further include notifying the plurality of users when their corresponding online meeting has started for the plurality of users to leave the virtual waiting room.

Abstract: A pluggable module for use in a networking system includes a body with an electrical interface configured to be inserted into networking equipment; a head connected to the body and including a handle; and a light pipe with an entry in or near the body, the light pipe configured to provide light from inside the body to the handle. The body can include a light source directed towards the entry. The light source can be a Light Emitting Diode (LED). Advantageously, this disclosure provides an ability to support status lights in a very small surface area on a pluggable module.

Abstract: An automatic gain control system for a receiver, including: an automatic gain control loop (40) adapted to be coupled to both a first transimpedance amplifier (12) coupled to a first analog-to-digital converter (14) forming a first tributary and a second transimpedance amplifier (12) coupled to a second analog-to-digital converter (14) forming a second tributary; and an offset gain control voltage to gain balance a transimpedance amplifier gain of the first tributary and a transimpedance amplifier gain of the second tributary. The automatic gain control loop can be analog. Also, the automatic gain control loop can be implemented in hardware or firmware.

Abstract: An asymmetric coherent receiver includes an optical front end configured to split a received optical signal into two paths, wherein the split received optical signal experiences a different optical transfer function in one of the two paths; two photodetectors each configured to detect power one of the split received optical signals in each of the two paths to obtain corresponding electrical signals; and circuitry configured to perform electrical domain extraction of information of each of the corresponding electrical signals from the two paths, wherein the different optical transfer function provides additional information utilized in optical field reconstruction via direct detection.

Abstract: Systems and methods include causing transmission of one or more shaped Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) signals, from an ASE source (70), on an optical fiber (58, 60); obtaining received spectrum of the one or more shaped ASE signals from an optical receiver (68) connected to the optical fiber (58, 60); and characterizing the optical fiber (58, 60) based in part on one or more of a nonlinear skirt and a center dip depth in the received spectrum of the one or more shaped ASE signals. The one or more shaped ASE signals can be formed by the ASE source (70) communicatively coupled to a Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS) (62) that is configured to shape ASE from the ASE source to form the one or more shaped ASE signals with one or two or multiple peaks and with associated frequency.

Abstract: An express mesh satellite network includes a plurality of satellites arranged in a constellation, each including a plurality of coherent optical modems, wherein the plurality of satellites are configured in a topology based on traffic sources and sinks on the ground where the topology includes express links where satellites are directly connected in space by the coherent optical modems based on the traffic sources and sinks. The plurality of satellites are configured to become a node in the topology when in an associated affinity area having a ground link or requiring a relay function.

Abstract: A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and methods for manufacturing the PCB board are provided. The PCB includes a Radio Frequency (RF) signal transition at a RF signal pad. Multiple conductive layers other than a conductive signal layer of the PCB and conductive portions of the conductive signal layer not in electrical contact with a RF signal transmission trace have common ground connections forming a ground cage structure within the PCB around the RF signal pad and RF the signal transmission trace.

Abstract: Systems and methods include receiving a machine learning model that is configured to detect anomalies in network devices operating in a multi-layer network, wherein the machine learning model is trained via unsupervised learning that includes training the machine learning model with unlabeled data that describes an operational status of the network devices over time; receiving live data related to a current operational status of the network devices; analyzing the live data with the machine learning model; and detecting an anomaly related to any of the network device based on the analyzing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for coordinating an optical layer and a packet layer in a network, include a Software Defined Networking (SDN) Internet Protocol (IP) application configured to implement a closed loop for analytics, recommendations, provisioning, and monitoring, of a plurality of routers in the packet layer; and a variable capacity application configured to determine optical path viability, compute excess optical margin, and recommend and cause capacity upgrades and downgrades, by communicating with a plurality of network elements in the optical layer, wherein the SDN IP application and the variable capacity application coordinate activity therebetween based on conditions in the network. The activity is coordinated based on underlying capacity changes in the optical layer and workload changes in the packet layer.