Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), liquid-crystal mixtures comprising these compounds, and their use in liquid-crystal displays: in which R1 is H, F, CF3, OCF3, OCF2H, OCFH2, an alkyl radical or alkyloxy radical or an alkenyl radical or alkenyloxy radical; R2 is H, an alkyl radical or alkyloxy radical or an alkenyl radical or alkenyloxy radical M1 is —C(═O)O—, —OC(═O)—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —OCF2—, —CF2O—, —C≡C—, —CH2CH2—, —CF2CF2—, —CF═CFC(═O)O— or a single bond M2 is —C(═O)O—, —OC(═O)—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH2CH2—, —CF2CF2— or a single bond; A1 and A2 are &agr;-1,4-diyl, unsubstituted or mono- or disubstituted by F; where &agr; is: phenylene, cyclohexane, 1-cyclohexene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; m and n are zero or 1; m+n=0 or 1 L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 are H or F.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive composition useful as a photoresist containing a resin composition and a radiation sensitive material, wherein the resin composition comprises a mixture of two or more resins different from each other by at least 0.03 in refractive index or comprises a resin component of an alkali-soluble resin and a resin additive of a resin working as a dissolution inhibitor for the radiation sensitive composition, such as an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer or a styrenic polymer. A dissolution rate in a 2.38 weight-% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution of the radiation sensitive composition is preferably 5000 Å/min or less. Use of these resin compositions enable one to reduce the amount of the quinonediazide radiation sensitive agents to be used and obtain a radiation sensitive composition which has both high sensitivity and highly normalized film remaining characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alkali-soluble, film-forming novolak resin mixture containing at least two novolak resins, each novolak resin containing the addition-condensation reaction product of at least one phenolic compound with at least one aldehyde source, wherein the phenolic compound for first novolak resin contains 90-100 mole % of meta-cresol, and the phenolic compound for the second novolak resin contains less than 50 mole % of meta-cresol. Also disclosed is a photosensitive composition, containing an admixture of: a) the above-mentioned novolak resin mixture; b) at least one o-quinone photoactive compound; and c) at least one photoresist solvent.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions (U) containing: (A) a UV-light-absorbing textile treatment agent and (B) a dispersant system containing (BX) a non-ionogenic, polymeric, hydrophilic dispersant or a mixture of such dispersants and (BY) a non-ionogenic or anionic, vinyl-polymeric, hydrophilic thickener or a mixture of such thickeners, and optionally at least one of the following further components: (BZ) at least one non-ionogenic or anionic surfactant other than (BX) (BW) at least one dispersing auxiliary other than (BY). (C) by-products and/or concomitants (D) at least one formulation additive and (E) at least one agent for setting the pH are particularly stable and are very useful for the UV-active finishing of textile material.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive resin composition containing an alkali-soluble resin, for example a novolak-quinonediazide positive-working radiation sensitive resin composition and a chemically amplified negative-working resin composition, wherein the alkali-soluble resin contains at least an alkali-soluble resin obtained by polycondensation of a compound represented by the following general formula (I) and a phenol if necessary, with an aldehyde. wherein R represents a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 and, when n is 2 or 3, each R group may be the same or different.

Abstract: Granular compacts (G) of a mixture of (A) at least one water-soluble dye or optical brightener, and (B) extender and, optionally, (C) at least one hydrophilic surfactant and/or (D) further additives, additionally containing (E) a dust-binding oil, are low-dust dry formulations of high bulk density which feature good dissolution, transportation and storage properties and are outstandingly suitable for the dyeing of the respective substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides Pigment Yellow 180 having an excellent transparency produced by using a fine slurry of 5-acetoacetylamino-benzimidazolone as a coupling component when Pigment Yellow 180 is produced by coupling reaction of 5-acetoacetylamino-benzimidazolone and diazo component obtained by diazotization of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane.

Abstract: Water-soluble dyes of the formula in which R1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-4-alkyl, C1-4-alkoxy, halogen or SO3M, R2 is hydrogen, C1-4-alkyl or C3-6-cycloalkyl, B is the radical of a carbocyclic, heterocyclic or methylene-active non-cyclic coupling component having at least two optionally fused carbocyclic rings, and M is hydrogen or a non-chromophoric cation, the ring A has no further substituents or is substituted with from one to four of the following substituents: C1-4-alkyl, C1-4-alkoxy, halogen, —NO2, —COOM and, —SO3M, and the group —N═N—B is bonded to position 3 or 4 of the ring A, with the proviso that the molecule contains at least two —SO3M groups, are suitable for dyeing or colouring non-fibrous substrates, in particular anodized aluminium or water-soluble plastic compositions.

Abstract: A resist pattern having a good form without any T-top or round top is obtained by coating on a photoresist layer an anti-reflective coating composition containing at least (a) polyacrylic acid, (b) polyvinyl pyrrolidone, (c) CnF2n+1COOOH (wherein n represents an integer of 3 to 11) and (d) tetramethylammonium hydroxide to form an anti-reflective coating, and conducting patternwise exposure and development.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymer comprising at least one unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing at least one cyano functionality and at least one nonaromatic cyclic unit. The novel polymer is particularly useful when used in a photoresist composition sensitive in the deep ultraviolet region.

Abstract: A resist composition is prepared by reacting an alkali-soluble polymer having a phenolic hydroxyl or carboxyl groups with a vinyl ether compound in an aprotic solvent, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, in the presence of an acid catalyst, suspending the reaction by the addition of a base, and directly adding a photoacid generator to the reaction solution. When a dialkyl dicarbonate is used in stead of the vinyl ether compound, a resist composition is prepared by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a basic catalyst and adding a photoacid generator directly to the reaction. Thus resist compositions can be prepared without isolating or purifying an alkali-soluble polymer which has been substituted by a catalytic reaction.

Abstract: Fluorescent yellow pigment compositions comprising Pigment Violet 19 or Pigment Yellow 192 and a polyamide, a process for the making thereof, and a process for making an article comprising said fluorescent yellow pigment composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) having a fluorinated anthracene or fluorinated tetrahydroanthracene core structure and to liquid-crystal mixtures comprising these compounds and to the use thereof in liquid-crystal displays.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) in which: R1 is H, F, CF3, OCF3, OCF2H, OCFH2, an alkyl radical or an alkenyl radical; R2 is H, an alkyl radical or alkyloxy radical or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy radical; G2—G1 is —CH═CH—, —CH2CH2—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CF—, —CH2—, —CF2—; M1, M2 are each, independently of one another, —C(═O)O—, —OC(═O)—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —OCF2—, —CF2O—, —C≡C—, —CH2CH2—, —CF2CF2— or a single bond; A1, A2 are each, independently of one another, phenylene-1,4-diyl, unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by F, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, 1,3-dioxan-2,5-diyl; m, n are each, independently of one another, zero or 1; m+n=0 or 1; The invention furthermore provides a liquid-crystal mixture comprising one or more compounds of the formula (I

Abstract: A process for preparing symmetrical or asymmetrical trans-thiazineindigo pigments of the formula (1) which comprises a) condensing, in an aqueous medium, a compound of the formula (2) with a compound of the formula (3a) or (3b) or a compound of the formula (4) with a compound of the formula (3a) and/or (3b)  by maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature between 30 and 65° C. for at least 1 hour and then b) maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature between 100 and 180° C. and a pressure between 2 and 50 bar for at least 1 hour in the presence of an amide.

Abstract: The invention relates to synergistic combinations of certain phenolic antioxidants in thermoplastic polymers, especially in polyolefin pipes and other thermoplastic molding materials which are in prolonged contact with water. The instant combinations lead to better resistance against oxidative degradation as measured in terms of oxidation induction times (OIT), color and other technically important parameters as known in the art.

Abstract: Use of the pigment of formula (I) in which X stands for Cl or CH3, and of formula (II) wherein R is phenyl or C12H25, for the coloration of polyolefins which do not warp.

Abstract: A container cleaning apparatus comprises a solvent cleaning unit having a solvent cleaning chamber, and a rinsing unit having a rinsing chamber connected to the solvent cleaning chamber. Containers are conveyed by a conveyor through the solvent cleaning chamber and the rinsing chamber. The containers are cleaned by jetting a water-soluble or partially water-soluble solvent against the containers in the solvent cleaning chamber. Shutter devices have shutters disposed at an entrance to the solvent cleaning chamber and an exit from the solvent cleaning chamber, respectively, and capable of being moved between closed positions to close the entrance to and the exit from the solvent cleaning chamber and to isolate the solvent cleaning chamber from the rinsing chamber, and open positions to permit the containers to move from the solvent cleaning chamber to the rinsing chamber.

Abstract: The triphendioxazine compounds of the general formula (I) in which the rings labeled A in positions 1,2-, 2,3- or 3,4- and 8,9-, 9,10- or 10,11- carry a linearly or angularly fused heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom which is substituted or unsubstituted, with the proviso that compounds with only unsubstituted nitrogen atoms and symmetrically disubstituted compounds with C1-2alkyl and unsubstituted phenyl substituents are excluded, are outstanding pigments and are notable over the closest comparable pigments in particular for better migration, light and solvent fastnesses, better heat stability and enhanced colouring power and also better dispersibility and capability to be brought into pigment form. The invention also relates to a process for preparing these triphendioxazine compounds which is characterized by a cyclization step conducted in the presence of manganese dioxide and concentrated sulphuric acid.

Abstract: Organic pigments are conditioned by introducing a liquid prepigment suspension into a miniaturized continuous reactor and thermally treating therein.