Abstract: The present invention is directed to an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process for the production of chemical target compounds from cellulosic material. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a system for conducting the process according to the inventive process.

Abstract: A process for the decomposition of biomass-material includes subjecting a lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to comminution, subjecting the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a sifting to separate from the comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material a fraction of small-particles, and subjecting the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material to a pretreatment. Before, during, or after the pretreatment, small particles can be added to the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material. Optionally, the small particles can be added continuously during the pretreatment. The addition of small particles decreases friction of the remaining comminuted lignocellulose-containing biomass-material results in decreased process time, energy savings, and reduced production costs.

Abstract: What are described are compositions comprising a) one or more sugar amines of the formula (I) in which R1 and R2 are independently H, CH3 or 2-hydroxyethyl and/or one or more corresponding protonated sugar amines with the counterion R—COO— in which R is defined as R from the substances of component b) below, and b) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of fatty acids of the formula R—COOH, fatty acid salts of the formula R—COO-M+ and mixtures thereof, in which R is a linear or branched saturated alkyl radical having 11 to 21 carbon atoms or a linear or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 11 to 21 carbon atoms and M+ is a counterion. The compositions described are very advantageous, for example, for production of liquid washing compositions, and of shower gels, liquid soaps or face cleansers. In addition, the sugar amines are advantageously suitable as neutralizing agents for fatty acids.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of synthesis gas by plasma gasification of solid and/or liquid carbon-containing or hydrocarbon-containing material comprising the steps: (i) providing a solid and/or liquid feedstock comprising particulate carbon- or hydrocarbon-containing material or a mixture of both, (ii) providing a carrier gas and combining this with the solid or liquid feedstock, (iii) feeding said solid or liquid feedstock and said carrier gas as a feed stream into a reactor comprising a reaction chamber or into a vaporizer which is arranged upstream to said reactor, (iv) introducing a swirl gas into the reactor which swirls around the feed stream and covers the interior walls of the reactor, (v) treating said feed stream downstream the introduction of the swirl gas into the reactor with a hot plasma to generate a product stream comprising synthesis gas from said carbon- or hydrocarbon-containing material in the reaction chamber, (vi) removing the product stream from the reaction chamber, and

Abstract: This disclosure relates methods and systems for determining asphaltene inhibitor properties. For example, one embodiment provides a method for determining a content of disaggregated asphaltene in an inhibited crude oil. The method includes measuring the dielectric constant of a sample of the crude oil, the sample having a first concentration of an asphaltene inhibitor; providing a first dielectric correction factor for the first concentration of the asphaltene inhibitor; calculating, e.g., by a computing device, a first corrected dielectric constant of the sample having the first concentration, using the first dielectric correction factor; and determining the content of disaggregated asphaltene in the first crude oil sample, based on the first corrected dielectric constant. Methods for inhibiting asphaltene aggregation in crude oil are also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure relates methods and systems for determining asphaltene inhibitor properties. For example, one embodiment provides a method for determining a content of disaggregated asphaltene in an inhibited crude oil. The method includes measuring the dielectric constant of a sample of the crude oil, the sample having a first concentration of an asphaltene inhibitor; providing a first dielectric correction factor for the first concentration of the asphaltene inhibitor; calculating, e.g., by a computing device, a first corrected dielectric constant of the sample having the first concentration, using the first dielectric correction factor; and determining the content of disaggregated asphaltene in the first crude oil sample, based on the first corrected dielectric constant. Methods for inhibiting asphaltene aggregation in crude oil are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reduction of energy consumption during the pretreatment of biomass.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to dehydrogenation catalysts based on one or more certain group 13 and group 14 elements that further include additional metal components, to methods for making such catalysts, and to methods for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons using such catalysts. One aspect of the disclosure provides a calcined dehydrogenation catalyst that includes a primary species P1 selected from the group consisting of Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn and Pb and combinations thereof; a primary species P2 selected from the lanthanides; a promoter M1 selected from the group consisting of Ni, Pd and Pt; a promoter M2 selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, on a silica-alumina support.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous binder-free pigment dispersions containing (A) at least one organic and/or inorganic pigment, (B) one or more dispersing agents and/or surfactants, (C) at least one base of formula (I), where R1 is H, C1-C4-alkyl, CH2CH2OH or CH2CH(CH3)OH, (D) optionally, one or more polyalkylene glycols, (E) optionally, other additives commonly used for making aqueous pigment dispersions, and (F) water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer composition that can be obtained by means of the free radical polymerisation of A) 95-40 wt. % of alkyl (meth)acrylate containing Ai) 20-95 wt. % of at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate with 16 to 40 C-atoms in the alcohol group, and Aii) 5-80 wt. % of at least one (meth)acrylic acid ester of a C8-C22 alcohol carrying a C6-C20 alkyl group in the 2-position relative to the hydroxyl group, in the presence of B) 5-60 wt. % ethylene copolymer. The invention also relates to a method for producing same and to the use of same as a flow improver for mineral oils and mineral oil distillates.

Abstract: A renewably sourced soil release polyester comprising two or more structural units (a1), one or more structural units (a2) and either one or two terminal structural groups (a3) wherein G1 is one or more (OCnH2n) with n being a number of from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6 and more preferably (OC2H4), (OC3H6), (OC4H8) or (OC6H12), R1 is a C1-30 alkyl, preferably C1-4 alkyl and more preferably methyl, p is, based on a molar average, a number of from 1 to 200, preferably from 2 to 150 and more preferably from 3 to 120, q is, based on a molar average, a number of from 0 to 40, preferably from 0 to 30, more preferably from 0 to 20, and most preferably from 0 to 10, where the (OC3H6)- and (OC2H4)-groups of the terminal group (a3) may be arranged blockwise, alternating, periodically and/or statistically, preferably blockwise and/or statistically, either of the groups (OC3H6)— and (OC2H4)— can be linked to R1— and —O, adjacent structural units (a1) are connected by the structural unit (a2), in the case that

Abstract: Fatty acid derivatives of the formula (I) wherein R1 is an aliphatic group containing 1 to 17 carbon atoms, which is linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated; R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 are, independently, hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or hydroxymethyl; m, n and p are numbers from 0 to 17, with the proviso that m+n+p?1, and m+n+p<18 where the different monomers can be arranged in statistical order, alternatingly or as a block copolymer and m, n and p can be a statistical mixture; X is, independently, a covalent bond or hydroxy methylene; R8 is an aliphatic group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which is linear, branched, cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: The use of a component for strengthening keratinous fibres or protecting keratinous fibres from damage, wherein the component is an ester of a certain oxalkylated alkylalkylene diamine and/or a quaternized salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel and advantageous process for the hydrolysis of biomass which enables a thorough hydrolyzation also of recalcitrant biomass such as sugar cane straw and sugar cane bagasse.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting micro-organisms, as well as related processes, formulations, concentrates and uses. The composition comprises at least 30 wt.-% compound X, wherein compound X is according to Formula (I): wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain having seven or nine carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition which contains at least one anionic surfactant, a betaine surfactant, a mixture of N-methyl-N-acylglucamines, the acyl groups of which correspond to those of natural coconut oil and/or palm kernel oil, a glycerol derivative, a solvent and optionally one or more additives. The invention also relates to a method for producing the composition. The invention further relates to the use of the composition for the treatment or care of skin or hair, for example as a shampoo, face cleaner, liquid cleaner or shower gel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates, comprising the injection of an anti-agglomerant comprising a N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents, R4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and A is an alkylene group having two or three carbon atoms, into a fluid comprising gas, water and oil under conditions prone to the formation of gas hydrates, wherein the N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by formula (I) is produced by the aminolysis of an ester of a fatty acid and a C1- to C4-alcohol with an N,N-dialkylamino alkyl amine and subs

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for inhibiting the agglomeration of gas hydrates, comprising the injection of an anti-agglomerant comprising a N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each independently an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or together form an optionally substituted ring having 5 to 10 ring atoms, wherein the ring may carry up to 3 substituents, R4 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and A is an alkylene group having two or three carbon atoms, into a fluid comprising gas, water and oil under conditions prone to the formation of gas hydrates, wherein the N,N-dialkyl-ammoniumalkyl fatty acid amide represented by the formula (I) is produced by the condensation reaction of a fatty acid with an N,N-dialkylamino alkyl amine and subsequent neutralization

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising a) water-soluble herbicide, b) one or more n-alkylglucamides of the formula (I), formula (II), wherein R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 9 carbon atoms, R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, c) one or more alkyl ether sulfates having 1 to 10 c atoms in the alkyl chain and having 1 to 20 alkyleneoxy units in the ether moiety, and water. The compositions according to the invention are highly effective and are characterised by a very advantageous toxicological and ecological profile, and also by having good storage stability whilst having a uniform and high biological activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to esterquats which can be obtained by reacting di- or trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids and polycarboxylic acids, and the esters obtained in this manner are then quaternized with an alkylating agent, wherein the di- or trialkanolamines correspond to formula (I), in which R1 and R2 independently of one another represent hydroxyalkyl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkenyl groups with 2 to 20 carbon atoms and 1, 2, or 3 double bonds, or addition products of 1 to 20 mol ethylene oxide on a hydroxyethyl group and R3 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms and 1, 2, or 3 double bonds, a hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms and 1, 2, or 3 double bonds, or addition products of 1 to 20 mol ethylene oxide on a hydroxyethyl group; the fatty acids correspond to formula (II), R4—COOH (II) in which R4 represents an aliphatic, linear, or branched hyd