Abstract: A method of dispersing mineral substances in aqueous media, comprising combining:water,at least one mineral substance, anda copolymer which comprises the following monomers in polymerized form:(a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one carboxyl function,(b) optionally, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one sulphonyl function and/or phosphoryl function,(c) optionally, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having no carboxyl function, and(d) at least one ethylenically unsaturated oxyalkylated monomer terminating with a hydrophobic chain represented by a specified formula,where the sum of the weight percent of (a), (b), (c) and (d) in the copolymer is 100%, and the copolymer has a specific viscosity of at most 50. Mineral substances may be effectively dispersed according to the invention, regardless of the surface properties thereof.

Abstract: Homopolymers and/or copolymers are manufactured by polymerizing ethylenically monounsaturated monomer(s) in an aqueous solution in a reaction vessel containing compounds which contain a phosphorus atom of degree of oxidation less than 5, phosphorous compounds being introduced in amounts of 0.005-0.49 gram-atom phosphorus per mol of unsaturation in said ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and in the absence of any agent(s) which decomposes hydrogen peroxide thereby forming free radicals, in the absence of any other generator of free radicals, and in the absence of any per salt and/or any other transfer agent.

Abstract: A method of producing milling adjuvants and/or dispersing agents, with the use of a separation apparatus which is comprised of one or more organic and/or mineral membranes; a milling adjuvant and/or dispersing agent produced by said method; and use of said adjuvant/agent in preparing an aqueous suspension of mineral particles; and the use of the aqueous suspension in applications involving pigments.

Abstract: Salts of polyaspartic acids are used as milling agents for the milling of mineral materials to obtain aqueous suspensions of finely divided mineral materials which are pumpable and non-sedimenting, and have high concentrations of mineral materials which are useful in papermaking and in paper coating.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrylic or methacrylic acid amides functionalized with a cationizable tertiary amine, by aminolysis of acrylic or methacrylic acid esters with the aid of enzymes.

Abstract: A method of producing milling adjuvants and/or dispersing agents, with the use of a separation apparatus which is comprised of one or more organic and/or mineral membranes; a milling adjuvant and/or dispersing agent produced by said method; and use of said adjuvant/agent in preparing an aqueous suspension of mineral particles; and the use of the aqueous suspension in applications involving pigments.

Abstract: A method of producing milling adjuvants and/or dispersing agents, with the use of a separation apparatus which is comprised of one or more organic and/or mineral membranes; a milling adjuvant and/or dispersing agent produced by said method; and use of said adjuvant/agent in preparing an aqueous suspension of mineral particles; and the use of the aqueous suspension in applications involving pigments.

Abstract: Filled thermoplastic and/or thermosetting polymer compositions comprising a partially esterified carboxyl-group containing anhydride dispersant.

Abstract: Copolymer dispersants for use in an aqueous emulsion containing fillers pigments or both where the copolymer has the formula (I)--(A).sub.a --(B).sub.b --(C).sub.c -- (I)whereinA represents units resulting from acrylic or methacrylic acid monomers,B represents units resulting from styrene monomers or a derivative thereof,C represents units resulting from C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl acrylate or methacrylate monomers,a, b and c represent the percentages by weight of A, B and C, respectively with respect to total weight of the monomers,wherein the copolymer yields a homogeneous solution which is clear to cloudy in a medium of neutral or alkaline pH and wherein the copolymer has a specific viscosity of less than or equal to 15, which imparts increased water resistance to dry or drying films made from aqeuous emulsion compositions containing the copolymer dispersant. The resulting aqueous compositions are useful as textured coatings, coatings, aqueous paints and coating compositions.

Abstract: Homopolymers and/or copolymers are manufactured by polymerizing ethylenically monounsaturated monomer(s) in an aqueous solution in a reaction vessel containing compounds which contain a phosphorus atom of degree of oxidation less than 5, phosphorous compounds being introduced in amounts of 0.005-0.49 gram-atom phosphorus per mol of unsaturation in said ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and in the absence of any agent(s) which decomposes hydrogen peroxide thereby forming free radicals, in the absence of any other generator of free radicals, and in the absence of any per salt and/or any other transfer agent.

Abstract: The use of copolymers to obtain detergent or cosmetic compositions which are stable to phase separation, where the copolymers have the general formula:(X).sub.a --(Y).sub.b --(Z).sub.cin whichX is an anionic monomer unit;Y is a nonionic monomer unit; andZ is a cationic monomer unit;a is the weight percentage of X in the copolymer, based on the total weight of all monomers, and is 95 to 15 wt. %;b is the weight percentage of Y in the copolymer, based on the total weight of all monomers, and is 0 to 65 wt. %; andc is the weight percentage of Z in the copolymer, based on the total weight of all monomers, and is 5 to 60 wt. %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of dispersing or treating a mineral filler into a thermoplastic resin; the dispersing agent or agent for treatment of a mineral filler is a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, having an weight average molecular weight preferably between 1000 to 3000; the thermoplastic resin is selected from (a) a hydrocarbon homopolymer without an aryl group, (b) a copolymer without an aryl group, and with a molecule comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in which the content of oxygen atoms does not exceed 22% by weight or (c) a mixture of the above described homopolymer and copolymer; the mineral fillers are basic or have surfaces that have free hydroxyl groups. The present invention relates also to thermoplastic compounds which are highly filled, stable, fluid and homogeneous and which contain mineral agents; further these compositions are useful in the fabrication of plastic products.

Abstract: Amphoteric copolymers of general formula:(X).sub.a --(Y).sub.b --(Z).sub.cin whichX represents a monomer type with anionic charge;Y represents a monomer type with nonionic character;Z represents a monomer type with cationic charge;a is the weight % based on the total weight of monomers of X, and is between 95 and 15;b is the weight % based on the total weight of monomers of Y, and is between 0 and 65;c is the weight % based on the total weight of monomers of Z, and is between 5 and 60as rheological modifiers of lamellar phases of detergent or cosmetic (liquid or pasty) compositions are disclosed. Liquid washing detergent and liquid shampoos containing the amphoteric copolymers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A grinding agent containing polymers and/or copolymers partially neutralized by magnesium, for aqueous suspensions of mineral substances to be used in pigmentary applications is disclosed.A grinding agent composed of polymers and/or copolymers having a specific viscosity of between 0.3 and 0.8 and obtained by treatment, using one or several solvents, of a polymer and/or copolymer resulting from polymerization and/or copolymerization of acrylic and/or vinyl monomers comprising acid groups whose active acid sites are partially or completely neutralized to a degree of neutralization of 40 to 60%, including terminals, of the active acid sites using a neutralizing agent containing magnesium ions, and a degree of neutralization reaching 60% using a neutralizing agent containing sodium ions is disclosed.

Abstract: Ground calcium carbonate is prepared by a process of grinding a suspension containing calcium carbonate to be ground and a water-soluble grinding agent in an aqueous medium while the temperature of the aqueous suspension is kept at below 60.degree. C.

Abstract: A grinding agent containing polymers and/or copolymers partially neutralized by magnesium, for aqueous suspensions of mineral substances to be used in pigmentary applications is disclosed.A grinding agent composed of polymers and/or copolymers having a specific viscosity of between 0.3 and 0.8 and obtained by treatment, using one or several solvents, of a polymer and/or copolymer resulting from polymerization and/or copolymerization of acrylic and/or vinyl monomers comprising acid groups whose active acid sites are partially or completely neutralized to a degree of neutralization of 40 to 60%, including terminals, of the active acid sites using a neutralizing agent containing magnesium ions, and a degree of neutralization reaching 60% using a neutralizing agent containing sodium ions is disclosed.

Abstract: A grinding agent containing polymers and/or copolymers partially neutralized by magnesium, for aqueous suspensions of mineral substances to be used in pigmentary applications is disclosed.A grinding agent composed of polymers and/or copolymers obtained by polymerization and/or copolymerization of acrylic and/or vinyl monomers containing acid groups, and in which the active acid sites are completely or partially neutralized to a degree of 40% to 60%, including terminals, using a neutralizing agent containing magnesium ions, and to a degree of up to 60% using a neutralizing agent containing monovalent ions is disclosed.A procedure for grinding in an aqueous suspension using said agent, as well as the aqueous suspensions produced using said procedure and their applications to the fields of weight fillers, paper coating, paints, and plastics is also disclosed.

Abstract: A stable aqueous zeolite suspension containing, as stabilizing agent, a copolymer comprising units of (i) at least one acrylic monomer having a carboxylic acid group, (ii) at least one acrylic and/or vinyl monomer not having a carboxylic acid group, and (iii) at least one oxyalkylated monomer having ethylenic unsaturation, and terminated by a fatty hydrophobic chain having 12-40 C atoms.

Abstract: A dispersing agent for use in a thermosetting composition, a thermosetting composition containing said dispersing agent, and application thereof to thermosetting composition having no yield point. The dispersing agent acting on mineral fillers and used in filled acrylic or polyester resin-based thermosetting compositions belongs to the family of organophosphates corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## where: A is a branched or unbranched polyaryl group,x and y are whole numbers between 0 and 100 such that x+y is a whole number greater than 40 but not greater than 100, ##STR2## B and E are independently a branched or unbranched polyaryl group, or an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, alkanoyl, or amine radical, and in B and E, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be identical or different, x1, y1, x2 and y2 are whole numbers, and the sums x1+y1 and x2+y2 are not greater than 100.

Abstract: A grinding agent containing polymers and/or copolymers partially neutralized by magnesium, for aqueous suspensions of mineral substances to be used in pigmentary applications is disclosed.A grinding agent composed of polymers and/or copolymers obtained by polymerization and/or copolymerization of acrylic and/or vinyl monomers containing acid groups, and in which the active acid sites are completely or partially neutralized to a degree of 40% to 60%, including terminals, using a neutralizing agent containing magnesium ions, and to a degree of up to 60% using a neutralizing agent containing monovalent ions is disclosed.A procedure for grinding in an aqueous suspension using said agent, as well as the aqueous suspensions produced using said procedure and their applications to the fields of weight fillers, paper coating, paints, and plastics is also disclosed.