Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, and other implementations, including a method for configuring a machine learning (ML) system. The method includes determining for a layer, l, of the ML system sets of parameters defining one or more statistical distribution models (e.g., lognormal) used for directing the ML system to an optimized configuration. The layer is connected to one or more other layers through weighted connected, and includes configurable ML elements (e.g., neurons) that can be tuned. The method also includes adjusting one or more of, a) weights of the weighted connections of the layer according to parameters defining a first distribution model, b) adjustable parameters defining the first statistical distribution model, c) ML element parameters, defining operations of at least some of the configurable ML elements, according to parameters defining a second distribution model, and/or d) adjustable parameters defining the second distribution model.

Abstract: Mechanisms for protecting an application from an untrusted operating system (OS) are provided, the methods including: determining that a virtual address for a page of memory allocated by the untrusted OS for the application belongs to a valid mapping; determining that the page of memory is not already in use; and in response to determining that the virtual address for the page of memory belongs to a valid mapping and determining that the page of memory is not already in use, mapping the page of memory to an enclaved container for the application. Some mechanisms further include unmapping the page of memory from the untrusted OS. In some mechanism, determining that the virtual address for the page of memory belongs to a valid mapping is based on a list of valid mappings for the application.

Abstract: A system may mitigate leakage currents in charging stations for electric vehicles. The system may include a bank of one or more parallel capacitors per phase electrically coupled to an AC voltage source, wherein a neutral point of the one or more parallel capacitors is electrically coupled to a DC ground; a bank of one or more inductors per phase electrically coupled to the one or more parallel capacitors, wherein each inductor is in series with and downstream from one capacitor; a rectifier electrically coupled to and downstream from the one or more parallel inductors, wherein the rectifier converts the AC voltage source to a DC voltage for supply to a battery; a DC bus electrically coupled to the rectifier; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to mitigate leakage currents by controlling a voltage of at least one of the bank of one or more parallel capacitors.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlled perforation and aspiration of the inner ear having a distal portion including a plurality of apices and a plurality of valleys therebetween defining a plurality of serrated blades.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, and other implementations, including a method for battery performance analysis and management that includes measuring voltage response data for a lithium-ion battery in response to a bipolar current pulse signal applied to the lithium-ion battery, and determining, based on the measured voltage response data, using a bipolar pulse (BIP) model resultant battery characterization data representative of linear and nonlinear behavior of the lithium-ion battery. The resultant battery characterization data can include a set of multiple parameters of an equivalent circuit representation of the BIP model.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, devices, and other implementations, including a voltage converter system that includes two or more Active Half Bridge (AHB) converter circuits, each of the two or more AHB converter circuits connected to one or more windings of a transformer, with each AHB converter circuit including one or more switches and one or more energy storage devices. The voltage converter system further includes one or more controllers to control electrical behavior of the two or more AHB converter circuits according to normalized switching functions representing the switching states of the switches of the two or more AHB converter circuits.

Abstract: Systems and methods of performing temperature swing solvent extraction (TSSE) descaling of produced water and desalination of high-salinity brines, e.g., those having a total dissolved solids (TDS) greater than about 250,000 ppm are capable of producing descaled water products including less than about 5% weight percent TDS. The brine/produced water feedstreams and combined with a solvent having temperature-dependent water solubility at a temperature TL. Water is extracted from the feedstream into the solvent to form a water-in-solvent extract component and a raffinate component, from which a solid phase can be precipitated as more water is portioned in the solvent and basicity increases. Heating of the water-in-solvent extract component reduces the solubility of the water therein, producing a biphasic mixture of dewatered solvent and descaled water that can be separated.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to a pharmacological therapy for human genetic diseases, specifically those characterized by unbalance nucleotide pools, more specifically mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes, and more specifically, thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency. The pharmacological therapy involves the administration of at least one deoxynucleoside, or mixtures thereof. For the treatment of TK2 deficiency, the pharmacological therapy involves the administration of either deoxythymidine (dT) or deoxycytidine (dC), or mixtures thereof. This administration of deoxynucleosides is applicable to other disorders of unbalanced nucleotide pools, especially those found in mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome.

Abstract: Disclosed are implementations, including a method for medical/clinical monitoring that includes obtaining clinical and physiological measurement data for a patient, and contextual information associated with the patient and representative of location and time at which the clinical and physiological measurement data were obtained, and obtaining clinician behavior data for the clinicians while treating the patient. The method further includes determining intermittently, using an ensemble learning process, based on the measurement data and the contextual information, one of a plurality of medical state prediction models best suited for a current clinical situation associated with the patient.

Abstract: Techniques for segmentation include determining an edge of voxels in a range associated with a target object. A center voxel is determined. Target size is determined based on the center voxel. In some embodiments, edges near the center are suppressed, markers are determined based on the center, and an initial boundary is determined using a watershed transform. Some embodiments include determining multiple rays originating at the center in 3D, and determining adjacent rays for each. In some embodiments, a 2D field of amplitudes is determined on a first dimension for distance along a ray and a second dimension for successive rays in order. An initial boundary is determined based on a path of minimum cost to connect each ray. In some embodiments, active contouring is performed using a novel term to refine the initial boundary. In some embodiments, boundaries of part-solid target objects are refined using Markov models.

Abstract: A 3D printed structure is provided. The structure includes a composition formed from a mixture including an earth component, e.g., naturally occurring soil, subsoil, topsoil, clay, a clay-rich soil, sand, silt, an engineered soil formed of sand and clay, etc.; at least one fiber component, e.g., a bast or leaf fiber, including straw, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husk, reed, hay, hemp, kenaf, banana, sisal, fique, flax, jute, etc.; fluid component, e.g., water, oil, acid, etc.; and at least one additive component, e.g., a bio-based additive such as cellulose, a polypeptide such as gelatin, a polysaccharide such as alginate, guar gum, locust bean gum, chitosan, and xanthan gum, and lime, etc. The mixture includes a weight ratio of about 2-50 parts earth; about 5-50 parts fiber; about 25-80 parts fluid; and about 0-10 parts additive. The mixture can be 3D printed into prefabricated building elements, e.g., block-like geometries, monolithic walls, panels, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods, computer program products, and other implementations, including a method for signal detection is disclosed that includes obtaining samples of observation data comprising a signal component produced by a source object, and a noise component, and generating based on at least one of the samples of the observation data, processed by a machine learning template derivation system, a filtering template to separate the signal component from the noise component, with the machine learning template derivation system including one or more trainable layers, and with at least one layer of the one or more trainable layers implementing a respective one of one or more iterations of an unrolled optimization process to determine optimized template parameters for the filtering template. The method further includes applying the filtering template to one or more of the samples of the observation data to obtain the signal component of the observation data.

Abstract: The subject matter discloses a metasurface hologram system, including at least a vacuum chamber, where an atomic array is configured to be trapped with various geometries, at least a laser generator, configured to generate one or more incident laser beams, and at least a metasurface hologram, configured to generate trap arrays.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions effective for treating cognitive disorders are described. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described include Nitazoxanide (NTZ), Nitazoxanide (NTZ) analogs, Nitazoxanide (NTZ) metabolites, or Nitazoxanide (NTZ) metabolite analogs. Methods of treating, ameliorating, and/or preventing cognitive disorders using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein are also described.

Abstract: Methods for prophylactically treating a stress-induced affective disorder or stress-induced psychopathology in a subject are provided. Also provided are methods for inducing and/or enhancing stress resilience in a subject. In certain embodiments, an effective amount of (R,S)-ketamine or (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine ((2R,6R)-HNK) is administered to a female or male subject prior to a stressor.

Abstract: The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, conditions associated with accumulated amyloid-beta peptide deposits, Tau protein levels, and/or accumulations of alpha-synuclein by administering a HAT modulator and a HDAC modulator to a subject.

Abstract: This disclosure is related to a method of sequencing a single-stranded DNA using deoxynucleotide polyphosphate analogues and translocation of tags from incorporated deoxynucleotide polyphosphate analogues through a nanopore.

Abstract: Media for making esophageal organoids, methods of making an esophageal organoid using that media, and esophageal organoids produced by those methods

Abstract: Optical imaging or spectroscopy described can use laminar optical tomography (LOT), diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), or the like. An incident beam is scanned across a target. An orthogonal or oblique optical response can be obtained, such as concurrently at different distances from the incident beam. The optical response from multiple incident wavelengths can be concurrently obtained by dispersing the response wavelengths in a direction orthogonal to the response distances from the incident beam. Temporal correlation can be measured, from which flow and other parameters can be computed. An optical conduit can enable endoscopic or laparoscopic imaging or spectroscopy of internal target locations. An articulating arm can communicate the light for performing the LOT, DCS, or the like. The imaging can find use for skin cancer diagnosis, such as distinguishing lentigo maligna (LM) from lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM).

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, a compound having the structure: Also provided are compositions containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and one or more compounds according to the present invention. Further provided are methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder in a subject, methods of suppressing the toxicity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a subject, methods of treating or ameliorating the effects of a disease involving axon degeneration in a subject, and methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a neurodegenerative disease.