Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus comprising a first detector for detecting the power of the supervisory signal light separated from received wavelength-division multiplexed signal lights; a second detector for detecting the power of the wavelength-division multiplexed signal lights after the separation of the supervisory signal light; a gain-controlled type optical amplifier for amplifying the wavelength-division multiplexed signal lights; an optical attenuator coupled to the amplifier; and a control unit for controlling the optical amplifier and the optical attenuator so as to keep the output level of the wavelength-division multiplexed signal lights to a predetermined target value, wherein the control unit restrains automatic output level control by the optical attenuator when the supervisory signal light power fluctuates within its permissible range and fluctuations in the signal light power have deviated from its permissible range.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring noise and or interference in a communications signal without taking the signal out of service. In the present invention the communications signal is converted from an RF signal into an IF signal. The IF signal is then digitized and stored. The stored signal is processed to determine the interference signal. The interference signal is calculated from an error vector produced by a blind equalizer demodulator. The interference signal is extracted and presented to a user.

Abstract: A method of updating firmware using the object push profile in the bluetooth object exchange protocol is proposed. This method first makes use of a bluetooth transmitter to connect a bluetooth electronic device whose firmware is to be updated and a host storing a new program code. Next, the bluetooth transmitter checks parameters in an EEPROM of the bluetooth electronic device to determine whether it is necessary to update the firmware. Through the object push profile (OPP) in the object exchange (OBEX) protocol of the bluetooth technology, this new program code is reprogrammed to a flash memory in the bluetooth electronic device. After the end of the reprogramming action, the bluetooth connection between the bluetooth electronic device and the host is cut off to finish firmware update of the bluetooth electronic device.

Abstract: When a receiver (200) receives a signal transmitted from a transmitter, an A/D converter (204) converts the signal into a digital signal having two or more levels by A/D conversion. A zero-level detector (207) converts the signal into a two-level digital signal of positive and negative levels. The converted signals are subjected to spectrum despreading by correlators (206, 208), respectively. Whichever signal has a higher intensity is selected by absolute value detectors (209, 210), a comparator (211), and a switch (212). A decoder (213) decodes the selected signal. In a receiving state where the zero-level detector (207) is selected, the transmitter transmits the transmission signal after the signal is converted into a two-level signal. In a receiving state where the A/D converter (204) is selected, the transmitter transmits the transmission signal after the signal is converted into a signal having two or more levels.

Abstract: The invention is a signal processing system and method having increased bandwidth. An embodiment of the invention is a method of processing an analog input signal. The analog input signal is split into a first set of signals. The first set of signals are filtered. The first set of signals are digitized to form a second set of signals. The second set of signals are filtered to form a third set of signals. The third set of signals are combined to form a combined signal by adding the signals in the third set signals together to form a digital version of the analog input signal.

Abstract: Calls are routed in a distributed mobile switching center environment in response to receiving a call to be routed from a first switching mode (310(1) to a second switching node (3101(2)). An inter-switch mute for the call from the first switching node to the second switching node is identified. The inter-switch route includes an intermediate switching node (305) having multiple media gateway (320). An intra-switch route within the intermediate switching node is selected from multiple possible intra-switch routes for use in establishing the inter-switch route. Each of the intra-switch routes includes one or more interconnections (330) between media gateways. The call is connected using the identified inter-switch route and the selected intra-switch route.

Abstract: Embodiments provide systems and methods for determining the geolocation of an emitter on earth. A solution is obtained from two TDOA measurements that need not be acquired at the same time. A solution is obtained from a TDOA measurement and an FDOA measurement that need not be acquired at the same time and need not be coming from the same satellite pair. A location of an emitter can be determined from minimizing a cost function of the weighted combination of the six solutions derived from the two TDOA measurements and the two FDOA measurements, where the weight of each solution in the combination is determined based on the intersection angle of the two curves that define the possible locations of the emitter based on the TDOA and/or FDOA measurements.

Abstract: Embodiments provide systems and methods for determining the geolocation of an emitter on earth based on weighted least-squares estimation based on two TDOA and two FDOA measurements, none of which need to be acquired at the same time. The four TDOA and FDOA measurements and the errors in each of the measurements are determined. Weights for the errors in the TDOA and FDOA measurements are determined, and the weights are applied in a weighted errors function. The weights account for the errors in the measurements and the errors in the satellite positions and velocities, and are dependent on the localization geometry. The weighted errors function is minimized to determine the location estimate of the unknown emitter.

Abstract: When an access terminal is handed off, requested-data-rate information based on a data rate control signal from each access terminal, average throughput of each access terminal before handoff, and a handoff request count are obtained from a base transceiver subsystem. A throughput after handoff of each access terminal is estimated from a ratio of the data rate information of each access terminal to the number of connected access terminals, and an estimated throughput ratio representing the degree of change from the average throughput of each access terminal before handoff to the estimated throughput is calculated. If the estimated throughput ratio is lower than or equal to a given value, the corresponding access terminal is not handed off. If the estimated throughput ratio is higher than the given value, the access terminal having the highest estimated throughput among access terminals requesting handoff is handed off.

Abstract: A voice Internet transmission system which enables a person to have a conversation via the Internet without having to use a computer at either end of the conversation, and without incurring long distance telephone charges regardless of the distance between those having the conversation. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus consists of two non-Internet capable devices being enabled to connect to the Internet and either in duplex or simplex mode transmit packets of Internet formatted data comprising digitized, compressed and encrypted conversation between the devices. In other words, a person can pick up an ordinary telephone and converse with another person, regardless of the distance between them, without incurring long distance telephone charges. No special telephone is required, nor is a computer running special software. The apparatus which makes this possible is a system of Internet access nodes or VoiceEngines.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a method and embodiment for decoding a sequence of frames in a communication system having a predetermined decoding time constraint per frame. The first frame of a sequence of frames is decoded for a time period longer than the predetermined time constraint, and at least one other frame of the sequence of frames is decoded in a time period less than the predetermined time constraint. Thus, an average decoding time of all decoded frames is less than or equal to the predetermined time constraint.

Abstract: A layer 2 switch network system includes a terminal, an edge switch, and a Radius server that notifies the edge switch of a temporary MAC address allocated to the terminal. The edge switch stores therein swap data for associating the temporary MAC address with a real MAC address. When receiving a MAC frame from the terminal, the edge switch replaces the real MAC address of a source set in the MAC frame with the temporary MAC address of the source. When transmitting a MAC frame to the terminal, the edge switch replaces the temporary MAC address of a destination set in the MAC frame with the real MAC address of the destination.

Abstract: Electronic circuitry supports utilization of a series of pulses of varying width to tune a transducer (e.g., a coil that produces or receives a magnetic field) for transmitting or receiving. For example, a control voltage generator generates a sequence of digital pulses of varying pulse widths to produce respective control voltages. The control voltage generator applies a produced control voltage to a varactor element whose capacitance changes depending on a magnitude of the produced control voltage. The varactor element forms part of a tank circuit. Consequently, the series of pulse widths controls an operating frequency of the tank circuit at different times. The tank circuit includes an inductive coil that is tuned to produce or receive a magnetic or inductive field.

Abstract: Contents of one or more received messages can be analyzed to determine whether a transceiver device generating the inductive field has already been programmed with a unique communication code. If not, bidirectional communications can be established to program the transceiver device with a unique communication code over an inductive link. Orientation or position of a transceiver device can be used to initiate a process for programming a communication code. Generally, the communication code can define a unique relationship between two or more transceiver devices.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is generally directed towards a system and method of tuning a transducer for transmitting and receiving a wireless signal. In an illustrative embodiment, a single transducer is coupled to a first or second circuit for either transmitting or receiving, respectively. Generally, electrical characteristics of the first circuit are adjusted to increase a magnetic field generated by the transducer. Conversely, electrical characteristics of the second circuit are adjusted to increase a signal generated by the transducer for receiving a magnetic field. Accordingly, a single transducer device can be tuned for either transmitting or receiving a corresponding wireless signal.

Abstract: A dynamic device for billboard advertising is disclosed. An advertising billboard device in accordance with the present invention comprises a display controller adapted to receive and display dynamic-content. At least one content display unit is in communication with the display controller, wherein the content display unit visually displays the information from the dynamic-content. Dynamic content having a bit-depth greater than the bit-depth of the content display unit is parsed into sub-pixels for display on the content display unit. The combination of sub-pixels, when viewed, appears to have a bit-depth greater than the bit-depth of the content display unit material.

Abstract: A method for providing power control to a uplink signal, comprising an uplink station transmitting an uplink signal to a satellite. The satellite also transmits a loopback signal representing the received uplink signal back to the uplink station. The satellite also transmits a beacon signal to the uplink station. The uplink station adjusts the power of the uplink signal based on measurements of the beacon signal and the uplink signal.

Abstract: A dynamic device for billboard advertising is disclosed. An advertising billboard device in accordance with the present invention comprises a display controller adapted to receive and display dynamic-content. At least one content display unit is in communication with the display controller, wherein the content display unit visually displays the information from the dynamic-content. Dynamic content having a bit-depth greater than the bit-depth of the content display unit is parsed into sub-pixels for display on the content display unit. The combination of sub-pixels, when viewed, appears to have a bit-depth greater than the bit-depth of the content display unit material.

Abstract: A magnetic communication system includes a transmitter have a single coil transducer, and a receiver having a three orthogonally oriented coil transducers. The signal processing circuitry in the receiver adjusts the phases of the signals received by the three transducers to produce signals which are in-phase. The signals are then summed to provide an output signal from the receiver. The processing circuitry adjusts the phases of the incoming signals either serially or in parallel. Transmissions from the receiver to the transmitter are also phase adjusted in accordance with the same adjustments used in reception.

Abstract: A magnetic induction time-multiplexed two-way short-range wireless communications system, and related method, includes a first portable unit and a second portable unit. The first portable unit receives first unit input signals and provides first unit output signals. Also, the first portable unit includes a first unit transducer system for generating a first inductive field based upon the first unit input signals during a first time slot and for converting a second inductive field into the first unit output signals during a second time slot. The second portable unit receives second unit input signals and provides second unit output signals. Also, the second portable unit includes a second unit transducer system for generating the second inductive field based upon the second unit input signals during the second time slot and for converting the first inductive field into the second unit output signals during the first time slot.