Abstract: A source of linearly polarized light having a wavelength selected from the range of about 500 to 1100 nanometers provides light into one end of an optical fiber. A nonlinear crystal of the type that mixes the frequency of light passing therethrough is positioned adjacent the other end of the fiber. The fiber transmits light from the source to the crystal which increases its frequency up to 100%, dependent upon crystal selection, thereby providing light in the 250-550 nanometer wavelength range. Adjusting the radial orientation of the crystal with respect to the fiber optimizes conversion of light to the 250-550 nanometer range.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are described for removing material from a sump. The sump has substantially parallel and elongated sidewalls and has a longitudinal axis. The sump is enclosed with ends and a bottom and is adapted for filling with a water-solid mixture to form a slurry. A suction pump is mounted above the sump and extends into the sump for removal of water and solid material. Apparatus is attached to the suction pump for moving the suction pump along the longitudinal axis of the sump. The actual rate at which the suction pump is trammed is determined by apparatus which measures the concentration of the slurry near the pump and transmits a signal to a control unit which operates the tramming control circuit to maintain the concentration at a predetermined ratio of material to water.

Abstract: A method is provided for modifying an original distribution pattern including an original central injection well and four original corner production wells. One or more new injection wells are provided at locations approximately aligned midway between adjacent ones of the original corner production wells. In addition to the two original corner production wells between which it is located, there are associated with each new injection well four additional new production wells. A first pair of these new production wells is provided at locations substantially aligned between and preferably substantially midway between the original central injection well and the two adjacent ones of the original corner production wells. A second pair of new production wells is located substantially as a mirror image of the first pair about an imaginary straight line between the two adjacent ones of the original corner production wells.

Abstract: Limestone is calcined by being suspended in hot gas produced by combustion of a low-carbon fuel to produce a quicklime of high surface area, which in one embodiment is used for flue gas desulfurization.

Abstract: A process for better defining first break seismic energy travel times for correlated seismic return signals that consists of constructing a minimum phase bandpass filter having bandwidth narrower than the vibrational seismic return signals and convolving the filter with the return signals to convert the seismic return signals to a causal wave form.

Abstract: An improved distillation apparatus is disclosed containing expansion means and vapor draw means surrounded by heating means to provide vapor/liquid phase separation entirely within the heating bath. The apparatus is especially useful for determining phenol content in refinery waste streams.

Abstract: A method of coating testing comprises applying a consistantly perpendicular minimum tension force to a dolly for testing to see if the adhesive bond strength between a coating and a substrate meets a minimum specification for such bond. The tester comprises a ram passing through an axially centered opening in a dolly bonded to the coating. A piston and cylinder are associated with the ram and the dolly so that pressure within the piston chamber formed thereby causes the development of a tension force within the dolly which is perpendicular to the coating being tested because of the coaxially centered orientation of the dolly with respect to the ram. The pressure is increased only to a point wherein the tension force is equal to a minimum specification for bonding adhesion. If the coating has not separated from the substrate, the bond therebetween meets the specification. The testing apparatus may then be removed by causing the bonding agent attaching the dolly to the coating to fail as by heating.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process whereby heavy, viscous crude oil may be produced from a hydrocarbon-bearing formation utilizing a jet pump without the problems associated with cavitation damage of the jet pump found in the prior art. The jet pump is operated with a power fluid comprising water and surfactant, the power fluid forming an emulsion with the heavy, viscous crude oil in the jet stream of the jet pump.

Abstract: Vacuum resid and cracked residuum such as decant oil or thermal tar are processed together to reduce the ultimate yield of coke, asphalt and fuel oil. The vacuum resid is donor cracked, and the donor cracker effluent is quenched with decant oil or thermal tar and then fractionated. Fractionator bottoms are vacuum distilled, and vacuum tower overheads are hydrogenated to produce donor for the donor cracker.

Abstract: Flue gas is desulfurized by mixing into it at a temperature between about 120.degree. and about 230.degree. C. a finely divided sorbent such as calcium hydroxide which has been reacted with an aqueous solution of solubilizing agent such as a deliquescent compound or a strongly ionizing inorganic salt and, immediately downstream of the mixing point, spraying water into the gaseous suspension. In one embodiment a portion of the solids separated from the flue gas are recycled for reuse as sorbent.

Abstract: Flue gases from two or more boilers are treated for reduction of their sulfur dioxide content by injecting as sorbent fine limestone or dolomite into one of the boilers, recovering a mixture of spent and calcined sorbent from the resulting flue gas, hydrating the resulting mixture to provide a dry slaked sorbent, and adding the dry slaked sorbent to sulfur-containing flue gas from a second boiler at a temperature of about 120.degree. to 230.degree. C.

Abstract: A oil shale retorting process in which oil shale particles are separated into fines and large particles. The large particles are preheated and combined with hot spent shale from a combustor and introduced into a retorting vessel. The fines are introduced into the disengaging section of the retorting vessel. Retort vapors are processed to produce an upgraded syncrude. The portion of the retort vessel where the oil shale and spent shale are introduced has a smaller diameter than the retorting section.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of an alkaline earth salt of a low molecular weight carboxylic acid, such as calcium formate, is sprayed into a sulfur dioxide containing flue gas upstream of a solids particulate separator in amount sufficient to produce a flue gas temperature at least about 10.degree. C. above its dew point at the separator.

Abstract: Flue gas is desulfurized by mixing into it at a temperature between about 120.degree. and about 230.degree. C. a finely divided sorbent such as calcium hydroxide and, immediately downstream of the mixing point, spraying the gaseous suspension with an aqueous solution of solubilizing agent such as a deliquescent compound or a strongly ionizing inorganic salt. In one embodiment, make-up sorbent is derived from injection of limestone or dolomite into the combustion zone, and in another embodiment a portion of the solids separated from the flue gas is reactivated for reuse as sorbent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for classifying particles which essentially comprise a circular chamber with first and second ends. A high pressure inlet is mounted tangentially to the side of the circular chamber and a high pressure outlet is, likewise, mounted tangentially to the chamber. A low pressure inlet and outlet are mounted to the end of the chamber. The second end is adjustable toward or away from the first end. When a high pressure fluid is communicated to the high pressure inlet and high pressure fluid is removed from the high pressure outlet, a certain portion of the high pressure will be moving toward the low pressure outlet. The particles to be separated are injected axially into the chamber. If the particles are of sufficient weight, they will move by centrifugal force to the high pressure outlet. The remaining particles will move because of the drag created by the fluid moving from the high pressure inlet to the low pressure outlet to separate the heavy particles from the light particles.

Abstract: A method and device for sensing hole parameters while drilling a borehole, and transmitting the sensed data to a remote receiver. Data are transmitted in digital format as a series of audible binary pulses generated by a solenoid acoustically coupled to the drill pipe. In a preferred embodiment, data transmission occurs automatically during periods of drilling inactivity.

Abstract: A tubular reinforcing member having end surfaces which conform to the cylindrical inner surface of a tubular chord member are positioned within the tubular chord member at the intersection of a bracing member. The longitudinal axis of the tubular reinforcing member is positioned so as to be coincident with the longitudinal axis of the intersecting bracing member. The use of the internal tubular reinforcing member constitutes an improvement over the commonly used stiffening rings in the direct translation of tensional and compression forces acting along a bracing member is transferred to a portion of the wall of the chord member opposite to that to which the bracing member is attached.

Abstract: Pipe dope restricting fluid communication between a well bore and a subterranean formation is contacted with a liquid perhaloalkane having no more than three carbon atoms per molecule, such as 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, to improve fluid communication. The halocarbon can also be contacted with pipe dope on tubulars to remove the pipe dope from the tubulars.

Abstract: Well bores employed for production of hydrocarbons having open hole completion and zonal breakdown in the locus of the well bore are recompleted, advantageously for injection of a fluid such as CO.sub.2 in an enhanced oil recovery process. Recompletion is effected by packing off the open hole interval, emplacing a particulate material in the packed off interval and broken down zone, adhering the particulates together with an adhesive to form a permeable synthetic rock-like material, reaming out the open hole interval to a greater diameter than the original completion, setting a casing over the open hole interval, cementing between the casing and the reamed out hole, and perforating at the zones to be isolated and to be communicated with from the well bore, e.g., for CO.sub.2 injection.

Abstract: Lightweight mooring elements for tension leg platforms are formed of a carbon fiber/epoxy matrix material. The mooring elements are preferably in tubular form and include metallic end connectors for interconnecting a plurality of tubular members to form the mooring element. Optionally, the composite structure further includes aramid or glass fibers which increase the resistance of the mooring element to impact damage.