Abstract: A valve assembly (80) of an injection valve (82) has a valve body (4) including a central longitudinal axis (L), the valve body (4) having a cavity (8) forming an inner surface (18) of the valve body (4), the cavity (8) having a fluid inlet portion (42), and a fluid outlet portion (44), a valve needle (10) axially movable in the cavity (8), the valve needle (10) preventing a fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion (44) in a closing position and releasing the fluid flow through the fluid outlet portion (44) in further positions, the valve needle (10) and/or the inner surface (18) of the valve body (4) having a surface layer (48) with a tungsten carbide layer (70) and a carbon layer (72).

Abstract: The invention relates to an active sensor element for recording the speed of an exhaust gas turbocharger, comprising a suppressor circuit which has at least one diode. In order to specify a device for temperature measurement at the turbocharger and in particular at the turbocharger in the region of the active sensor, the current-voltage characteristics of the diode are evaluated for determining the temperature in the sensor element.

Abstract: An electronic circuit arrangement includes a heat sink and a first circuit carrier which is thermally coupled to the heat sink, lies flat on the latter and is intended to wire electronic components of the circuit arrangement. Provided for at least one electronic component is a special arrangement which is associated with a considerably increased heat dissipation capability for the relevant component and, in addition, also affords further advantages in connection with changes in the population and/or line routing which might occur in practice. The important factor for this is that the component is arranged under a second circuit carrier which is held in a recess in the first circuit carrier. The recess passes through to the top side of the heat sink.

Abstract: The power train (1) includes a controlled drive source (3), a clutch (6), an automatically shifting transmission (7) and a data transmission device (2). The power train contains an additional drive source (12) and is fitted with a control system by means of which a correction value (K pid) for the drive source torque is generated on the basis of the comparison of the actual behavior of the drive train with a modeled behavior of a drive train fitted with a hydrodynamic torque converter. The behavior of a torque converter is simulated by a regulating circuit (21-27).

Abstract: An actuator for actuating a fuel injection valve has a piezoactuator, enclosed in an actuator housing unit (14, 16). The housing unit has a cylindrical actuator housing (14) which is elongate in its axial direction (A) and at least partially encased by an extruded plastic coat. The actuator housing unit (14, 16), in its encased area, is provided with a ventilation aperture (20) in which a ventilation element (22) produced from a microporous material is disposed.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method that prevent sticking of a valve pin in a valve seat of an injector at low temperatures can be provided providing an engine control unit and an additional control device, wherein the engine control unit activates the additional control device, and activate the injector by the additional control device in such a way that the injector by moving its valve pin is heated and/or rendered viable.

Abstract: In an adaptive positioning method for an actuator, in particular, for a throttle butterfly on an internal combustion engine, during the adaptive positioning method, after a request for a set position and selection of a pilot value a corresponding pilot position for the actuator is adopted. The pilot position is adjusted until said position corresponds to the requested set position. The control value actually required or this set position is subsequently measured and recorded as corrected pilot value for the corresponding set position.

Abstract: An assembly has a tachograph and a data memory, in particular a data memory of a data card. The tachograph has an interface designed to exchange data between the tachograph and the data memory, logic function modules and at least one memory. In a method for operating the tachograph, as a result of high security requirements, the data transfer between the data memory and the tachograph is extremely time-intensive. At the start of the data transfer a virtual reproduction of the data memory is created in the memory of the tachograph and the logic function modules first have read and write access to the virtual reproduction in the memory. Data is then regularly written to the data memory of the data card by a write access to the memory, thus eliminating the differences between the virtual reproduction and the data memory.

Abstract: To determine the gas work WK from the areas formed by the cylinder pressure curve over the associated stroke volume V?, a cylinder-pressure-proportional integrator is started integrating the signals of the cylinder pressure sensor in multiple integrator runs depending on a settable integrator capacitance. A lower and an upper threshold value are predefined, whose difference corresponds to the integrator capacitance. Upon reaching one of the threshold values, respective new integrator runs are started, at the beginning and end of which the current crankshaft angle ? (is detected, respectively. For each integrator run, the associated individual work is determined depending on the product of the integrator capacitance and the particular covered stroke volume and the gas work resulting from the cylinder pressure curve is determined by summation of the individual works. The gas work may be used in particular for determining the internal mean pressure of the cylinder.

Abstract: A device for displaying a plurality of detectable variable quantities of a motor vehicle that are in a ratio to one another, each quantity represented by a band, and the bands being arranged relative to one another such that they form a variable geometric figure. The bands have a variable length depending on the deviation from an optimum ratio of the quantities to one another, and intersect in an intersection area.

Abstract: A method for producing a lubricant feed in an axial bearing, wherein the lubricant feed is designed as a channel guiding lubricant from a lubricant pocket of the axial bearing, includes the following steps: preparing an initial axial bearing mold, stamping a groove in the area of the initial mold in which the channel is planned; embossing and putting through material on at least one or both sides of the groove along at least one segment of the groove; stamping the material on the side of the groove toward the groove so that the material and the groove form the channel.

Abstract: A circuit includes a switching unit, a switching element, and a control unit. The control unit provides at least one supply signal depending on a switching position of the switching element. An advance signal and the supply signal(s) of the control unit are assigned to the switching unit on the input side. The switching unit supplies and controls predetermined components of the switching unit, which are configured to control the switching element in accordance with the advance signal in such a way that the components activate the switching element. The switching unit is also configured to detect the supply signal(s) present once the switching element has been activated and in response thereto to switch to supplying the predetermined components by way of the supply signal(s).

Abstract: The invention relates to the operation of an internal combustion engine, a first model value or a second model value of the exhaust gas counter pressure is determined upstream of the exhaust gas catalytic converter of the internal combustion engine as a function of at least one operating variable of the internal combustion engine, which is representative of the exhaust gas counter pressure in a current operating mode of the internal combustion engine, assuming a low valve lift or a high valve lift.

Abstract: By a respective cylinder-specific lambda regulator, a regulator value for influencing the air/fuel ratio in the respective cylinder is determined as a function of the cylinder-specific air/fuel ratio measured for the respective cylinder. The regulator value is monitored for the attainment of a first predefined threshold value, and when the latter is reached, a lambda quality value is determined which is representative of the deviation of the measured cylinder-specific air/fuel ratios assigned to the respective cylinders. The regulator value is monitored for the attainment of a second predefined threshold value which is representative of a more pronounced regulating intervention than the first threshold value. When the second predefined threshold value is reached, the lambda quality value is determined. If the lambda quality value assigned to the first threshold value is lower than the value assigned to the second threshold value, unstable regulating behavior is identified.

Abstract: The resolution of output signals from at least one measuring sensor on an internal combustion engine can be increased by: the working level range of the sensor is divided into at least two range sections, each section is provided with the same given output level range limited with relation to the working level range, for the output signal from the sensor and the switching from one to the other section is carried out independently by the sensor, when a range boundary between two adjacent sections is reached, exceeded or fallen below, the operating point of the internal combustion engine is determined by an engine management based on at least one parameter, the time curve for the raw sensor signal is predicted from at least one set of performance characteristics for the current operating point and the engine management determines which section is current from the predicted raw sensor signal time curve.

Abstract: A fuel injector (10) for injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine has a backflow outlet (18) for taking away the un-injected fuel from the fuel injector (10). A backflow connector (20) is attached to the backflow outlet (18) using a connection component (24), where the connection component (24) is designed so that it can be attached to the backflow nipple (20) in two assembly positions. In the first assembly position the connection component (24) can be pre-assembled on the backflow nipple (20). By moving the connection component (24) into the second assembly position, the backflow nipple (20) can be attached to the fuel injector (10).

Abstract: In order to control an internal combustion engine, a fuel mass that is to be supplied to the respective cylinder is determined according to a load variable. An additional fuel mass to be measured once is determined, when the measuring signal of an oxygen probe arranged downstream from a three-way catalytic converter is characteristic of at least one pre-determined residual oxygen part, according to the course of the measuring signal. A once reduced fuel mass is determined, when the measuring signal is characteristic of at least one pre-determined residual fuel part, according to the course of the measuring signal. A corrected fuel mass to be measured is determined according to the fuel mass to be supplied and optionally less the once reduced fuel mass or the fuel mass to be measured once. An actuating signal for controlling the injection valve is generated according to the corrected fuel mass to be supplied.

Abstract: In a control method suitable for an internal combustion engine (1) of a motor vehicle with an automatic engine cut-off and starting system (33) by which the internal combustion engine (1) can be cut off and started independently from the driver of the motor vehicle, the starting of the internal combustion engine (1) is detected and a variable determined, which represents a measure for the work performed by the internal combustion engine (1) since it has been started. The cut-off of the internal combustion engine (1) is controlled by the automatic engine cut-off and starting system (33) according to the variable.

Abstract: A method for fault monitoring at a lighting output of a motor vehicle. Reference current values are first measured and calculated at various reference voltages. During operation of the lighting output, operating current values and operating voltages are measured. If the operating current value at the measured operating voltage deviates from the reference current value at the corresponding reference voltage, then a fault message is output. The method is suitable for detecting a fault even for unknown lamps at the lighting output.

Abstract: A monitoring device for protecting against contact or access to a hybrid vehicle having a plurality of high-voltage components and an electronic control unit connected to a low-voltage vehicle electrical system battery. Power actuators for actuating at least one electric machine are connected to a high-voltage battery by way of a power switch. The high-voltage components are monitored by way of a looped circuit and deactivated if the looped circuit is broken. A sensor that is sensitive to magnetic field changes is disposed in or at a removable contact connection of the electric machine or the electronic control unit. The sensor is connected to the looped circuit. A control component of the electronic control unit activates a discharge unit for discharging an energy storage device upon receiving a sensor signal generated by the sensor when the contact connection is broken.