Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to nozzles for a valve and, more specifically, to a fuel injection valve for a combustion engine. In some embodiments, a nozzle assembly for a fuel injection valve for a combustion engine may include: a valve body with a central longitudinal axis; a valve cavity within the valve body; a nozzle tip body comprising a protrusion limiting a free volume of the valve cavity; and at least one nozzle aperture out from the valve cavity through the protrusion. The protrusion may extend from an end surface of the nozzle tip body in an extending direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle tip body away from the valve cavity and comprise a first section adjacent to the end surface, the first section having a cylindrical outer surface, and a second section adjacent to the first section, the second section having an outer surface of decreasing diameter in the course away from the end surface along the extending direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to aftertreatment of exhaust gases in internal combustion engines. The teachings thereof may be embodied in a method for operating a secondary air system comprising: measuring an actual pressure downstream of a pump of the secondary air system; acquiring a dynamic pressure based on the actual pressure, characteristic of changes caused by dynamic operation of the engine; acquiring a basic pressure based on peripheral conditions of the secondary air system; calculating a model pressure based on the basic and the dynamic pressure; determining a capacity of the pump based on a ratio between the model pressure and the actual pressure; and adjusting operation of the secondary air system based on the capacity.

Abstract: The present disclosure teaches a receiving circuit for use with a vehicle and serving for receiving a signal of a transponder. The receiving circuit may include a plurality of input paths each having an antenna and a multiplexer with a plurality of switches controlled by control signals and connecting at least one of the input paths to at least one further device in the form of a discharger and/or detuner and/or amplifier.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electric machine having a stator, a rotor and an inverter arranged in an inverter housing. The rotor is rotatably mounted about a rotational axis with its rotor axis in a first end shield and in a second end shield. The second end shield is arranged in or on the inverter housing. At least one suction opening and at least one blowing opening are arranged on the radial periphery of the second end shield. At least two cooling fins are provided on the second end shield, a baffle is arranged between the cooling fins of the second end shield and the stator and the rotor which is arranged in the stator, such that a cooling medium flowing radially through the at least one suction opening is guided to the at least one blowing opening.

Abstract: Dental restorations are created by preparing a hydrocolloid mold for such dental appliances as crowns and bridges. A slurry of zirconia powder and 3-O-acryloyl-D-glucose is prepared. The slurry is gelcast in the hydrocolloid mold with polymerization of the 3-O-acryloyl-D-glucose to a green body. The green body is dried and machined to the form of the dental restoration. The polymerized 3-O-acryloyl-D-glucose is then burned from the machined green body. The remaining zirconia body in the form of the dental restoration is then sintered to form the finished device.

Abstract: A method is provided for pairing at least two injectors, e.g., two fuel injectors for a direct injection system of an internal combustion engine, wherein a criterion for the pairing of the at least two injectors is a total leakage and/or a pressure difference at a transfer pin of the respective injector. A method for producing an injector, e.g., a fuel injector for a direct injection system of an internal combustion engine, is also provided, wherein at least two instances of mechanical backlash, e.g., instances of pairing backlash, that are relevant to injection amounts, leakage amounts, and/or pressure differences of the injector are paired with each other.

Abstract: A method for processing a signal modulated with a variable carrier frequency includes calculating a coefficient for demodulation of the signal. The method also includes demodulating the signal by calculating discrete intermediate values utilizing the coefficient for a predefined maximum number of steps and calculating the signal with the aid of the intermediate values of the coefficient. The value of the coefficient is respectively calculated on the basis of carrier frequencies for each step.

Abstract: A method for producing a lateral connection of an electro-optical interface is specified. In the method, a printed circuit board having a non-curved center plane is provided. An electro-optical component and an electrical component are arranged and oriented with respect to one another in a connection region. A first section of the printed circuit board is deformed in such a way that the center plane encloses an angle with the non-deformed layer in the region of the first section. An electro-optical interface and a control device are also specified.

Abstract: A method for controlling a piezoelectric actuator of a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, the actuator acting on valve elements to open or close the injector, respectively enabling or stopping the injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of the engine, includes the steps of: applying to the actuator a first nominal electric charge required to open the injector in accordance with the torque requested and the engine speed, to open the valve elements for fuel injection, instructing the closure of the injector to stop the fuel injection, by applying an electric discharge to the actuator to close the valve elements, the method applied from an on-board engine control unit during operation, and including applying to the actuator between these 2 steps at least one second electric charge to polarize the actuator during an opening phase of the injector and during fuel injection.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to internal combustion engines in general and may be applied to a high pressure pump for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine. In some embodiments, the pump includes: a pump housing including a piston guide and a plunger guide bore; a piston for compressing a fuel, the piston guided in the piston guide; and a roller plunger including a plunger skirt and a roller, the roller plunger transferring a translational movement from a cam of a camshaft driven by the internal combustion engine to the piston. The plunger skirt may include an outer region directed away from the roller and symmetrical about a plane of symmetry and an overall mass distributed asymmetrically about the plane of symmetry.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fuel rail assembly for an internal combustion engine. In some embodiments, a fuel rail assembly for an internal combustion engine may include an elongated tubular fuel rail and a plurality of fuel delivery lines branching off from the fuel rail for hydraulically coupling the fuel rail to fuel injectors operable to inject fuel into the combustion engine. Also, an injector cup for receiving a fuel inlet portion of a respective one of the fuel injectors, a pipe arranged between the fuel rail and the injector cup for hydraulically coupling the injector cup to the fuel rail, and a fixation bracket configured for positionally fixing the fuel delivery line with respect to the engine. The injector cup, the pipe, and the fixation bracket are individual parts. A rigid connection is established between the fixation bracket and a portion of the pipe, said portion spaced apart from each of the fuel rail and from the injector cup.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to internal combustion engines. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for determining a state of an injection valve of an internal combustion engine. Some methods may include actuating the piezo actuator in a pulse-width-modulated manner; recording the T on and/or T off switching times of the pulse-width-modulated piezo output stage of the piezo actuator; and evaluating the recorded switching times to derive the state of the injection valve.

Abstract: A braking system for an autonomous vehicle includes a brake device that is configured to brake a vehicle wheel. A first control system includes a first pump fluidly connected to the brake device via a hydraulic circuit. A second control system includes a second pump fluidly connected to the brake device via the hydraulic circuit. The second pump is fluidly connected in parallel with the first pump. A controller is in communication with the first and second control systems. The controller is configured to detect a fault in the first control system. The controller is configured to command the second pump to pressurize the hydraulic circuit in response to the failure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to internal combustion engines. The teachings thereof may be embodied in a method for determining a torque reserve for an internal combustion engine during a change of an operating state. The method may include: operating the internal combustion engine in the first operating state; determining a rotational speed; determining a torque; determining an air mass setpoint value based on the rotational speed and the torque in the second operating state; calculating a torque setpoint value depending on the rotational speed and the air mass setpoint value in the first operating state; and determining a torque reserve for the transition from the first operating state to the second operating state using based on the torque and on the torque setpoint value.

Abstract: An injector for a combustion engine includes a pole piece, an armature, a valve needle and a guiding element with a guiding portion. Respective penetrating openings of the pole piece and the guiding element provide a fluid channel for the fluid along a longitudinal axis of the injector. The valve needle is arranged axially moveable along the longitudinal axis to prevent or enable a fluid flow. The guiding element is at least partially arranged and axially moveable inside the penetrating opening of the pole piece and realizes a guidance of the valve needle along the longitudinal axis. The guiding portion is configured to be in contact with the pole piece and has a cylindrical shape.

Abstract: A hitch assist system for a vehicle comprises a camera mounted to view a reverse path of a vehicle, an input device connected for the hitch assist system, and a controller. The controller includes instructions for detecting a trailer proximate to a vehicle with the camera, determining a vehicle hitch ball location, determining a trailer hitch location, and calculating a vehicle path from an initial position to a final position. The vehicle hitch ball is laterally aligned with the trailer hitch in the final position. The controller also includes instructions for calculating the steering and braking maneuvers necessary to move the vehicle along the path to the final position and sending instructions to a vehicle steering system and a vehicle brake system to perform the calculated maneuvers.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to vehicle navigation systems. The teachings may be embodied in methods for predicting fuel consumption and time of arrival, including: recording a destination user input; calculating a distance to the destination from a current location of the vehicle; recording a driving speed profile for the destination user input or for a route to the destination, as calculated by the vehicle navigation apparatus; storing the driving speed profile together with a driver feature; recording a user input comprising a desired speed, time of arrival, or fuel consumption trend; recording a second destination user input; and calculating the fuel consumption and the time of arrival for the new destination user input on the basis of a route to the further destination, as calculated by the vehicle navigation apparatus, and a consumption value representing fuel consumption of the stored driving speed profile applied to the route.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of motor vehicles. The teachings thereof may be embodied in a self-locking internal damper comprising: a damper body with a closed chamber; each of two ends of the closed chamber in the length direction including a straight plate section projecting therefrom, with a center line of the straight plate section passing through a center point of the closed chamber; two connecting portions located at ends of the two straight plate sections, respectively; and at least one of the two connecting portions including a bent structure formed by extending and bending one of the straight plate sections.

Abstract: A method, a medium (20) and a system (10) for calibrating a camera (32) of a vehicle (30). The calibration system (10) is remarkable in that it includes a calibration medium (20), including at least a first calibration reference (24) and a mirror (26), and a vehicle (30), including at least a second calibration reference (34). The method can be used to calibrate the camera (32) by determining the spatial compensation values between the camera (32) and the vehicle (30), without any need to align the vehicle (30) perfectly facing the calibration medium (20).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sensors and the teachings may be applied to a method and a corresponding apparatus for determining a concentration of a constituent of a fluid mixture in a fluid chamber. A method may include sending and receiving a first sound signal; sending and receiving a second sound signal; measuring the propagation time of the sound signals; calculating a value based on the propagation times representative of the concentration; sending and receiving a third sound signal with a second sound conversion unit; measuring a third propagation time; and calculating a second characteristic value based on the first propagation time and the third propagation time, representative of a mass flow of the fluid mixture.