Abstract: The target tracking system has high tracking reliability at small servo load and comprises a plural number of groups of target sensors having tracking signal travelling times which vary from one group to the other and defining respective lines of sight, a servo system causing the lines of sight to track the target, a target estimator for estimating the movement of the target, a servo estimator for estimating the movement of the servo system, and a regulator which identically controls the servo system and the servo estimator such that the vectorial difference between the estimate of the target movement and the estimate of the servo movement is caused to approach zero. During the target tracking operation, vectorial target deviation signals which are generated by groups of angle sensors, are processed by multipliers using respective matrices in order to produce related combined target deviation signals.

Abstract: A parabolically-shaped reflector antenna particularly intended for space vehicle applications, can be transported into outer space in a folded state. There it is inflated by means of a gaseous agent, such as a gas compound or gaseous medium, which is transported with the space vehicle. The antenna reflector and an antenna radome form an inflatable cavity which is stabilized by a rigidizing torus. The covering material of the antenna reflector, the antenna radome and the rigidizing torus comprise a resin-impregnated layer of fabric. After inflation in outer space, the reflector antenna is aligned such that it will be substantially uniformly heated by the sun for substantially uniform polymerization of the resin impregnant. After polymerization, the reflector antenna requires no gas pressure to keep its shape.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated rotational drive system, preferably for a Gatling cannon or gun, comprises a first hydraulic motor for the driving phase and sustenance of a predeterminate operating speed as well as for base load operation for the braking phase, and being continually operatively connectable to a second hydraulic auxiliary motor. During the start-up or run-up phase, until attaining the required speed, as well as during the braking or deceleration phase, this second hydraulic motor is operatively and/or controllably, automatically connectable to the first hydraulic motor for energy-saving operation. Operative and controllable connection of the first and second hydraulic motors is accomplished by means of an operative connection of the hydraulic system with the hydraulic motors on the one hand and with a pressure source and a tank on the other hand.

Abstract: The supporting device is constructed as a support stand and contains an upright, a first pivot system pivotably mounted at the upright, a second pivot system rotatably and pivotably mounted at the first pivot system, as well as adjustable counterweights and several pivotable and lockable pivot bearings permitting rotary and pivoting movements. The upright has a substantially U-shaped cross-section containing two side members between which there are arranged, in a space-saving manner, a pivot arm which is pivotably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis, and an L-shaped control lever mounted at the pivot arm and receiving a first counterweight. The second pivot system is arranged at the first pivot system using an L-shaped support arm and is constructed such that the extended horizontal axis of a top lockable pivot bearing intersects with the rotary and pivot axis of a front lockable pivot bearing.

Abstract: A dosing and mixing apparatus for fluid media comprising at least one delivery element and one isolating element. These elements are provided with through-flow or transfer passages and dosing chambers suitably mutually arranged for accomodating and isolating a voluminized specimen quantity or measured dose of test specimen as well as for delivering this measured out dose of test specimen to and mixing this dose of test specimen with a measured dose of thinning agent. The dosing and mixing apparatus manifests itself in that at least one channel suitably associated with the dosing chamber is provided in a surface of one of the elements, such as the isolating element at the surface thereof which faces the delivery element. Each such channel communicates with through-flow openings or circulation passages and is traversed by a cleansing fluid wetting the mutually facing and touching surfaces of the individual delivery and isolating elements in the transport path of the dose of test specimen.

Abstract: The viscometer comprises a measuring element suspended on a torsion wire and immersed in a substance to be tested contained in a measurement vessel. The measurement vessel with the therein contained substance is driven by a first drive member. A second drive member as well as a measuring system are arranged on a shaft between the torsion wire and the measuring element. A signal transducer prescribes or sets a predetermined amount of torque for the second drive member. The predetermined amount of torque corresponds to a predetermined shear stress characteristic of the substance to be measured. A predetermined angular deflection or angular velocity is applied to the first drive member through a regulation connection arranged between the measuring system and the first drive member. The viscometer is, due to its high accuracy, particularly advantageous for applications in low viscosity ranges of structurally viscous substances.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for closely regulating the temperature of a laboratory reaction vessel arrangement are proposed which permit a desired temperature change to be rapidly established. In the method, a fluid heat transfer medium is introduced into a thermal chamber formed by a reactor vessel and a jacketing vessel of the laboratory reaction vessel arrangement in a finely turbulent and essentially helically ascending manner. In the apparatus for performing the method, a nozzle is provided in the lower region of the jacketing vessel and extends into the thermal chamber for appropriately introducing the fluid heat transfer medium into the thermal chamber.

Abstract: The support apparatus in the form of a stand possesses an arm component projecting transversely from a stand component. A surgical operating microscope is arranged at the end of the arm component. A guide linkage with a double scissors type carrier linkage whose movement is combined with an extension movement is provided for the displacement of the operating microscope in a direction transverse to the stand component. This extension movement is controlled by a control linkage in such a way that the upper end of the carrier linkage which carries the stand arm component moves along a straight line. There is thus no need for a counterweight for the transverse movement of the operating microscope over a surgical operating table. A first counterweight for the upwardly and downwardly directed swinging movement of the stand arm component is enclosed in a space saving manner within a housing of the stand component, conjointly with a substantial portion of the guide linkage.

Abstract: A printer device for the individual feed of pre-printed sheets or tickets through a sheet guide channel to a printer platen of an associated printer comprises at least two sensors. The at least two sensors are connected to the inputs of a control processor which processes the electrical states of the sensors. The outputs LINE FEED and SELECT of this control processor are conducted to inputs of the SELECT and LINE FEED function input circuits of the associated printer. Commercially available printers can be converted into specialized printers for data recording or for filling in pre-printed forms without substantial modification by employing this device.

Abstract: The apparatus which includes a cell culture chamber enables cell biological experiments with botanical, zoological or homological cells to be carried out. The apparatus comprises a pump housing and a cell culture block with a cell culture chamber therein in which the cell culture medium or nutrient can be automatically and continually exchanged by the action of an osmotic fluid pump connected to the chamber. The osmotic fluid pump is activated by a fluid filled into a cavity in the pump housing. The osmotic fluid pump forces its pre-charged contents, i.e. the cell culture medium or nutrient, through an inlet passage into the cell culture chamber. The exhausted or expanded cell culture medium or nutrient can drain or exhaust through an outlet passage into the cavity of the pump housing. This ensures that no excess pressures arise in the system. The apparatus is especially well-suited for carrying out or implementing biological experiments under zero gravity conditions such as prevail in spaceships.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for closely regulating the temperature of a laboratory reaction vessel arrangement which permits a desired temperature change to be rapidly established. The method contemplates introducing a fluid heat transfer medium into a thermal chamber formed by a reactor vessel and a jacketing vessel of the laboratory reaction vessel arrangement in a finely turbulent and essentially helically ascending manner.

Abstract: The temperature regulating apparatus for a laboratory reaction vessel arrangement, comprises a reaction vessel and a thermal chamber for a fluid heat exchange medium which at least partially surrounds the reaction vessel. A jacketing vessel is provided with at least one inlet aperture for said fluid heat exchange medium and at least partially surrounds the thermal chamber. The at least one inlet aperture is arranged to extend through the jacketing vessel and into the thermal chamber, and a nozzle is arranged in a region of the at least one inlet aperture. This nozzle has an outlet orifice and is arranged in the region of the at least one inlet aperture such that the fluid heat exchange medium flows through the nozzle and out of the outlet orifice and such that the fluid heat exchange medium flowing out of the outlet orifice subsequently flows into said thermal chamber.

Abstract: A modularly structured mounting rack of vertical-type construction is proposed which is designed to receive electronic units or devices placed one above the other. The mounting rack substantially encompasses a rear wall module constituting a first constructional unit and a frame module constituting a second constructional unit. The rear wall module is of a substantially box-like structure to receive wiring and comprises a predetermined number of support elements arranged at individual wiring planes for supporting cables which are provided with plugs. At an end face of the rear wall module, specifically at the left-hand or right-hand side thereof, there are provided connection members arranged above each other which, in the assembled state of the two constructional units, are freely accessibly arranged for connection to appropriately laid external lines.

Abstract: During a predetermined measuring time there are generated electrical pulses in a detector arrangement, each of these electrical pulses corresponding to a respective particle which is to be counted. The pulse amplitude of the electrical pulses corresponds to the particle size. In a discriminator circuit the electrical pulses are compared with a threshold value. Those pulses, the pulse amplitude of which exceeds the threshold value, are inputted to a counter circuit and a time measuring circuit for measuring the total time duration of the electrical pulses. All of the electrical pulses are delivered to a further counter circuit and a time measuring circuit. The digital values derived from both counter circuits and both time measuring circuits are infed to a digital computer in which there is computed according to the equation Z.sub.T *=(Z.sub.S -Z.sub.E).multidot.T.sub.S /(T.sub.S -T.sub.E) a count result Z.sub.T * for the pulses, the pulse amplitude of which does not exceed the threshold value.

Abstract: A periscope-like sighting device is proposed which comprises an optical system comprising a plurality of elements arranged within a housing for localizing and tracking a target. In order to obtain as great as possible a field of observation, the optical system comprising a first deflection prism, an objective lens or lens system, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter and a second deflection prism is arranged in the housing sloping backward in the direction of incident radiation and in relation to a vertical rear housing wall. A main mirror is associated with the first beam splitter and is journaled in a mirror head arranged sloping backward in the housing to be pivotable about a first axis and rotatable about a second axis.

Abstract: An optical system for a periscope-like sighting device is proposed for the localization, tracking and measurement of a target and comprises a plurality of optical elements as well as a laser range-finder essentially comprising transmitter and receiver portions. In this optical system, the visible and invisible radiation mutually parallelly incident upon a main mirror rotatable about a first axis and pivotable about a second axis is reflected to a first deflection prism. The first deflection prism deflects the radiation at substantially right angles through an objective lens to a first beam-splitter. The first beam-splitter deflects the invisible laser radiation to the receiver portion and transmits the visible radiation to a second beam-splitter and thence to a second deflection prism and an ocular. For achieving a view of the field of observation or a tracking of the target, or both, a television camera can be arranged on the side of the housing of the sighting device.

Abstract: A discharge system for a tubing system in an apparatus for the selective transport of fluid volume quantities, for instance in a particle analyzer. Fluid is transported by means of a delivery pump from a first vessel through a transport conduit to a second vessel. Carry-over from one specimen to the next as well as foam, droplets and bubbles at the outlet or delivery nozzle are to be circumvented. A substantially T-shaped fitting is arranged in the transport conduit and its lateral branch leads through a valve to a collector vessel which is maintained under vacuum by a pump. After closing the valve and filling the first vessel, the delivery pump is operated.

Abstract: An eye shield or eyepiece for a viewing device, especially for a day and night vision sighting device for aiming a weapon essentially comprises a headrest and first and second mounting frames. These components form an assembly for mounting on the housing of a viewing device. For the practical manipulation and adaptation of the headrest to the form of the head of the observer, two hinge-like articulations are provided in mutually spaced relationship on the external face of a forehead rest of the headrest. A relatively low pressure force against the inner face of the forehead rest deforms and correspondingly adapts the elastomeric or flexible plastic headrest.

Abstract: An operating table, particularly for microsurgery of the neck or throat, the nose or the ear of a patient comprises a vertically adjustable standard, a supporting frame, a patient rest or support structure as well as a first adjusting mechanism for performing a pivotable movement of the patient rest or support oriented transversely of the operating table and a second adjusting mechanism for performing a pivotable movement of the patient rest or support structure which is oriented longitudinally of the operating table. Both adjusting mechanisms are structured and arranged at the operating table such that, during execution of the aforementioned pivotable movements of the patient rest or support structure, an operating site or location essentially disposed within the symmetry plane of the operating table will remain largely locally in position.

Abstract: A first stationary part or component possesses a first conductor arrangement which is coupled in a contactless manner with a second conductor arrangement located upon a second part or component. The second conductor arrangement contains two essentially rotationally symmetrical parts which build-up a toroidal electrical and/or magnetic field. The first conductor arrangement is arranged in the field of the second conductor arrangement. To fabricate the conductor arrangements there can be used existing technology for manufacturing printed-circuit boards. The inventive apparatus can be advantageously used, for instance, in radar installations, vehicles having a rotatable upper portion, such as a turret, turbines, generators and theodolites. The dual conductor arrangement of the inventive apparatus provides a functionally better de-coupling and therefore reduced cross-talk.