Abstract: A process for producing an over-based sulfurized alkaline earth metal phenate type detergent, which comprises reacting a phenol and a dihydric alcohol with an alkaline earth metal reagent to carry out a metal addition reaction, and reacting sulfur therewith to carry out a sulfurization reaction, and then reacting carbon dioxide therewith to carry out a carbon dioxide treatment, characterized in that the metal addition reaction and the sulfurization reaction are carried out under pressure and closed conditions. The sulfurization reaction may be carried out simultaneously with the metal addition reaction, or, alternatively, with the carbon dioxide treatment after the metal addition reaction. Furthermore, the sulfurization reaction may be carried out between the metal addition reaction and the carbon dioxide treatment.

Abstract: A process is described for producing a catalyst composition for hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon oil, which comprises:drying and calcining a carrier comprising alumina or an alumina-containing material impregnated with a solution mixture of(A) at least one of an alkoxide, a chelate compound, or a glykoxide of molybdenum or chromium;(B) at least one of an alkoxide, a chelate compound, or a glykoxide of cobalt or nickel; andan organic solvent capable of dissolving (A) and (B). Also described is a process for hydrodesulfurizing hydrocarbon oil using the same catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquefied coal oil by a two step hydrogenation reaction of coal, which comprises subjecting coal to a first hydrogenation and subjecting at least a part of the reaction product of the first hydrogenation to a second hydrogenation, wherein the second hydrogenation is conducted in the presence of an alkali metal compound and/or an alkaline earth metal compound and a catalyst carrying a metal of Group VI-A and a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid composition for power steering is disclosed, which comprises (a) at least one phosphorus containing compound selected from the group of alkyl, or alkyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl phosphorus acid compounds, alkyl, or alkyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl phosphorus thioacid compounds, alkyl, or alkyl substituted or unsubstituted phenyl phosphorus dithioacid compounds, and (b) one or more thiadizaole derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbons. The composition enables hydraulic systems to be used for longer times without accelerating deterioration of rubber materials employed in the hydraulic system.

Abstract: A fluid composition for use in a viscous coupling is provided, which comprises (A) a base oil made of a polyorganosiloxane fluid having a viscosity of from about 500 to about 500,000 centistokes at 25.degree. C., and (B) at least one component selected from the group consisting of sulfur and sulfur compounds (b) to (g) listed below being added in a minor amount to said base oil;(b) a hydrocarbon sulfide;(c) a sulfurized oil or fat which is the reaction product of an oil or fat and sulfur;(d) a zinc dithiophosphate;(e) a dialkyldithiocarbamic acid metal salt;(f) elemental sulfur; and(g) a cyclic hydrocarbon sulfide.This fluid composition can be stably used in a viscous coupling for an extended period.

Abstract: A method for determining a sludge content in a heavy hydrocarbon oil and a device therefor are disclosed. The method comprises measuring absorbances of a heavy hydrocarbon oil sample, having an oil film thickness selected form a range of form about 0.01 to 5 mm, at two different wavelengths selected from the visible light region of from 500 to 1000 nm and determining a sludge content of the sample oil by comparing two measured absorbances according to the relationship between known sludge contents and absorbances at the two wavelengths. The device comprises a light source, a cell for a sample oil, a two-wavelength absorbance detector containing two interference filters and two light-current transducers, and a computing means for converting the current values obtained into a sludge content. The method and device provide a means for rapid and precise determination of sludge contents in heavy hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: A process for producing a mixture of sulfides of alkaline earth metal salts of an alkylhydroxybenzoic acid and an alkylphenol comprising the steps of: reacting a mixture of a phenol, a dihydric alcohol and an alkaline earth metal oxide and/or hydroxide (hereinafter referred to as an alkaline earth metal reagent) in an amount of no more than 0.99 gram equivalents per gram equivalent of said phenol; distilling off water and the dihydric alcohol until the amount of the dihydric alcohol becomes no more than 0.6 moles per mole of the alkaline earth metal reagent; reacting the resulting distillation residue with carbon dioxide; and reacting the resulting product with elemental sulfur in an amount of 0.1-4.0 moles per mole of the alkaline earth metal reagent.

Abstract: A method for precisely and effectively determining an asphaltene content in a heavy hydrocarbon oil which can be applicable to a wider range of asphaltene content is disclosed. The method comprises measuring absorbances of a sample solution having dispersed therein asphaltene particles at two different wavelengths being at a distance of at least 50 nm selected from the visible light range of from 500 to 1,000 nm and obtaining an asphaltene content from the two measured values utilizing a relationship. A device is also disclosed for determining asphaltene content in a sample solution. It includes dipping a means for determining the absorbances at two different wavelengths into each probes which are in a line, or connecting the means into a flow cell and passing the sample solution through the flow cell to determine the absorbances.