Abstract: This invention relates to a fluid operated, positioning apparatus for a workholder (43, 144, 146, 148, 150) for maintaining the locating surfaces (22 and 24) of a workpiece, such as a crosshead (2), in contact with fixed abutments (62 and 68) of a workholder (43, 144, 146, 148, 150) designed to receive workpieces (2) subject to substantial manufacturing tolerances in which forces are imparted to each workpiece (2) during machining operations which tend to move the locating surfaces (22 and 24) of the workpiece (2) away from the fixed abutments (62 and 64) of the workholder. The positioning apparatus (44) includes an L-shaped member (46) in which are mounted a movable pin (70) operating in an advanced position to clamp a crosshead against fixed abutments (62 and 64) of the workholder (43, 144, 146, 148, 150) and a retracted position in which the crossheads (2) may be inserted and removed from the workholder (43, 144, 146, 148, 150).

Abstract: A housing surrounds a rotatable turbine wheel having an axis of rotation and effects a uniform fluid wheel boarding state. The housing includes at least one elongated substantially spiral passageway which encompasses the periphery of the wheel. The passageway has an external peripheral fluid inlet and an internal fluid outlet, the latter encompassing the wheel periphery. The passageway is defined by a pair of opposed axisymmetrical side walls having an inner diameter proximate the periphery of said turbine wheel. An outer wall extends between the two side walls circumferentially around at least 360.degree. of the turbine axis. The radial location of the outer rail is defined by the path prescribed by the direction of fluid flow in a free vortex constrained by the side walls. Disposed within the passageway and extending substantially throughout same may be a multi-portion generally helical partition.

Abstract: Apparatus for installing a set of dissimilar piston rings (12,14,20,38) which must be arranged in proper predetermined order and orientation in an internal combustion engine piston. The apparatus includes a ring supporting element 48 for retaining the set of piston rings in the order in which they will be installed, order sensing means (115,136,138) for producing an electrical disabling signal if a corresponding ring is not in a predetermined sequential order and a plurality of orientation sensing means (140,142) for producing an electrical disabling signal if a corresponding piston ring is not in its proper orientation. Expanding means (60) responsive to a control means (174) operates to expand the set of rings to allow coaxial insertion of a piston and subsequently to relax the rings into corresponding grooves of the piston as long as a disabling signal has not been generated by the corresponding sensing means (115,136,138,140,142).

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a turbocharged reciprocating piston type of internal combustion engine. The engine includes a block, a head fastened to the upper side of the block, and a rocker housing fastened to the upper side of the head. The head has intake air and exhaust passages formed in it between intake and exhaust openings and intake and exhaust ports of the engine cylinders. The turbocharger is mounted on one side of the engine block, and the exhaust openings are in the head on the same side as the turbocharger. Exhaust manifold ducts connect the exhaust openings with the turbocharger. The intake openings are formed in the upper surface of the head and air intake passages are formed in the rocker housing. An air intake duct and manifold connect the turborcharger with the passages of the housing. The intake air passages of the head are formed and located to provide an advantageous heat transfer relation between the intake air and the surrounding engine ports.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a bearing assembly for a high speed rotating shaft, such as a turbocharger shaft. The bearing assembly includes a sleeve bearing and a ball bearing. The sleeve bearing carries the radial load adjacent one end of the shaft, and the ball bearing carries the radial load adjacent the other end of the shaft. The shaft is subject to thrust loads in either axial direction, and the ball bearing also carries the thrust load in at least one direction.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine. The injector comprises an injector body forming a plunger bore, and a plunger reciprocably mounted in the bore. The plunger reciprocates between a retracted position and a forward position, and a fuel receiving or metering chamber is formed at the forward end of the bore when the plunger is in the retracted position. A fuel supply passage is formed in the body and conducts fuel to the chamber when the plunger is in the retracted position. When the plunger is moved forwardly in an injection stroke, it ejects the fuel from the chamber through spray holes formed in the body. The injector further includes means for selectively opening or closing the supply passage when the injector plunger is in the retracted position. Such means includes a land formed on the plunger adjacent the supply passage, a groove formed in the land, and means for rotating the plunger between two angular positions.

Abstract: A burner assembly (18) for heating the intake air of an internal combustion engine (2) including a burner housing (32) containing a fuel passage (52, 66, 70, 72) and a glow plug (87) for heating the burner housing (32) upon start up of the burner to melt fuel wax deposits in the fuel passage (52, 66, 70, 72). The glow plug (87) includes a metal sheath (88) designed normally to contact air when energized at a rated level. The burner housing (32) includes a cavity (86) shaped to receive the glow plug (87) with a minimal clearance (a) large enough to prevent interference during assembly but small enough to allow metal-to-metal heat transfer into the housing (32) when the glow plug (87) is energized at twice its rated level.

Abstract: A "snap action" early warning bypass valve assembly (2) responsive to fluid pressure differentials functions as both an electrical switch to provide an indication at impending fluid bypass and as a mechanical valve to actually implement the fluid bypass. The valve assembly includes a piston (24) supported by a retaining surface (18,106) having a central bore (22,110) formed therein. The piston (24) contains a bypass aperture (36) and is shaped to present a differential sealing area (39) to fluid circulating within the central bore (22,110). A spring-biased bypass disc (42) covers the bypass aperture (36) to present a central sealing area (45) to fluid within the central bore (22,110). A first pressure differential acting simultaneously across the central (45) and differential (39) sealing areas forces piston (24) into contact with an electrical terminal pin (48,92), thus energizing an alarm circuit (48-64,90).

Abstract: A modified Stirling cycle type engine (10) includes a pair of cylinders (12,14) in which pistons (16,18) are reciprocably mounted to define a hot and cold side to the engine, a passageway (30) interconnecting the cylinders (12,14) and a regenerator (32) and a cooler (34) in the passageway (30). Exhaust and intake valves (50,54) permit exhaust of working fluid from and supply of fresh air to the hot side. A fuel injector (38) and fuel igniting means (36) are provided for injecting fuel into the passageway (30) adjacent the hot side for admixture with working fluid passing therethrough and ignition within the hot side cylinder (12).

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system for measuring the instantaneous speed of an index point on a rotating part. The part may be a toothed gear or a wheel of an engine, and the index point may be an identifiable point on the part. The system comprises a sensor that is mounted adjacent the part, the sensor including two sensing elements that are spaced apart in the direction of movement of the point as the part rotates. As the point passes the sensor, it causes a first pulse to be produced by one element and then a second pulse to be produced by the other element. The system further includes circuitry that responds to the two time-spaced pulses and produces an indication of the time interval between the two pulses. This time interval is a function of the speed of the point which in turn is proportional to the rate of rotation of the part. In the instance where the part is attached to an engine flywheel, the time interval is also an inverse function of engine RPM.

Abstract: A ventilating system is provided for the crankcase of an internal combustion engine. The system includes an engine block provided with a crankcase and an upright housing, the latter having a lower section communicating with the crankcase and an upper section provided with a vent to the exterior of the engine. A crankshaft is mounted within the crankcase and is drivingly connected to a pressure-generating means disposed within the housing upper section and adjacent the vent. The driven presssure-generating means effects a predetermined pressure within the housing which is greater than the exterior pressure of the engine.

Abstract: The secondary optical alignment target (100) of the present invention includes a housing (102) through which an optical beam (122) is directed. A beam splitter (104) mounted in the housing (102) passes one portion (128) of the beam out of the target (100) to maintain the reference line of sight initially established by the axis of the optical beam (122). The other portion (126) of the beam is reflected toward an optical window (110) which further splits the reflected portion (126) into reflected (130) and refracted sub-portions. The refracted sub-portion of the beam furnishes optical information regarding the translational orientation of the target (100), while the reflected sub-portion (130) of the beam is rereflected by beam splitter (104) to furnish a return beam (134) containing optical information regarding the rotational orientation of the target (100).

Abstract: An aluminum rocker housing (10) is secured to the cylinder head (8) of an internal combustion engine (2) to surround and protect the cylinder valve assemblies (156, 158) and associated rocker arm mechanism. The front face (58) of the rocker housing (10) includes a recessed surface (68) which forms an air intake plenum (60) for receiving pressured air from the engine turbocharger (48). Air intake passageways (84, 86, 88) cast to the rear of the front face (58) communicate with the air intake plenum (60) and simultaneously register with air intake ports (160) formed in the cylinder head (8) to provide a means for distributing air from the air intake plenum (60) to the cylinders (16). A rocker cover (12) molded from plastic is secured to the rocker housing (10) by a plurality of vibration-damping bolt assemblies (13). The rocker cover (12) contains a drip lip (148) to prevent engine lubricants from coming into contact with the rocker cover gasket (14).

Abstract: A piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine is provided which includes a cylinder liner mounted within a bore formed in an engine block, and a cylindrical spacer extending axially and endwise from the liner and coacting therewith to form a cylinder in which a piston is mounted for reciprocatory movement. An end piece overlies an end of the spacer and is supported by the latter. The end piece substantially closes off one end of the cylinder and the piston is in close proximity thereto when at one stroke limit. When the piston is at the one stroke limit, it coacts with the end piece and the spacer to define a combustion chamber. The end piece is secured in assembled relation with the spacer by a first means. A second means is provided for effecting substantial thermal insulating of the block, liner and first means from the heat of combustion which is generated in the combustion chamber during operation of the engine.

Abstract: An add-on feedback control unit is connected to an existing mechanical governor for a turbocharged engine to control fuel flow to the engine in response to engine load and thereby maintain an adjustable low speed droop for the engine. The preload on the governor control spring is determined by a movable stop, the position of which is controlled by a pivotally mounted reset lever. A control arm is connected to the reset lever at a selected position relative to the pivotal axis of the latter. The control unit includes a housing having an interior chamber separated into first and second subchambers by a diaphragm disposed therein. One side of the diaphragm is subjected to the turbocharger boost air pressure of the engine. The control arm includes a shaft connected to the opposite side of the diaphragm and having an outwardly projecting end portion connected to the reset lever at the selected position to provide feedback in response to engine load.

Abstract: An exhaust passage 8 is provided for an internal combustion engine equipped with dual exhaust valves 18 and 19 for each cylinder 12 wherein the passage 8 directs the combination of the two streams formed by the exhaust valve ports 16 into a single stream in a manner to conserve the maximum available energy. Fluid flowing through exhaust ports 16 is directed by a guide vane 54 which has been cast in the exhaust passage 8 wherein vane 54 is formed to contain a keyhole shaped slot 57 to provide clearance for downstream valve stem 21 and to eliminate the disrupting effects which would otherwise result from an oversize clearance hole due to the leading edge effect. Keyhole shaped slot 57 permits unconstrained expansion and contraction of the exhaust passage in response to thermal cycling caused by normal engine operation thereby avoiding the effects of thermal fatigue.

Abstract: An improved cylinder block for a high compression internal combustion engine is provided which includes a cooling jacket having interconnected peripheral side and end walls and a base section, and at least one cylinder tube disposed within and encompassed by the jacket wall. The tube extends upwardly from and is connected to the jacket base section. The upper end portion of the tube adjacent the top surface of the block is reinforced by a plurality of substantially radial supports extending from the tube exterior to the interior surface of the jacket wall. The supports provide substantial radial reinforcement as compared to vertical reinforcement of the tube, particularly in the area thereof which is subjected to the greatest pressure during operation of the engine.

Abstract: A rotary electrically actuated device is provided for controlling fluid flow and includes a stator member having a base section, a post, and symmetrically arranged extensions which coact to form a cavity in which a coil is disposed. A rotor is supportingly mounted on the distal end of the post and is adapted to rotate within a predetermined sector. The rotor has a first section extending partially into the cavity and is provided with circumferentially-spaced magnetic pole elements having corresponding curved endfaces conforming substantially to curved interior surfaces of the extensions. Each endface has a surface configuration having a side portion narrower than the opposite side portion. The rotor is biased to normally assume a position within the sector wherein only the narrow side portions of the endfaces are disposed adjacent to the extension interior surfaces and the remainder of the endfaces are out of registration with said interior surfaces.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine is provided having a cylindrical member, an end piece overlying one end of the member, and a piston mounted for reciprocatory movement within the member and when at a predetermined relative position, coacting with the end piece and member to form a combustion cavity. A compliant gas seal is positioned between the end piece and member and is in surface contact therewith. The seal encompasses the combustion cavity and has a portion thereof continuously exposed to the cavity.