Abstract: An internal combustion engine with electronic components controlled from a central unit, where electrical leads as conductive connection for power transmission and data transmission between the electronic components of the internal combustion engine are avoided completely wherever possible. The electronic components to be controlled from a central unit are arranged, together with the central unit, on the engine in a space that is fully enclosed by a metal housing part, power is supplied to at least some of the electronic components by high frequency electromagnetic waves generated and radiated without cables by a high frequency source arranged in the space enclosed by the metal housing part and the components to be supplied with power by the radiated electromagnetic waves from the high frequency source each have at least one receiving device for receiving the electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A device for connecting two tubular piping parts, in particular piping parts in a motor vehicle exhaust system, has two connector pieces with a sealing device being mounted between the connector pieces. The connector pieces are stressed against each other in axial direction by a spring device. The spring device has a wire spring which surrounds one connector piece at least partially with two spring branches and is supported by this connector piece. The wire spring is stressed against a stop on the other connector with the spring branches or another area of the wire spring.

Abstract: A method for operation of a direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine operated over large areas of the characteristics map with stratified charge by way of fuel injection during the compression stroke. In order to guarantee reliable mixture ignition and combustion, the method of the present invention provides an ignition system which generates alternating voltage so that high voltage rapidly builds up between the electrodes of a spark plug, and generates ignition sparks with a spark duration that can be defined as a function of operating point.

Abstract: A method for the measured spatial 3D position detection of surface points of an object in a photogrammetric online system, in which a surface measurement point is touched by a probe tip. The spatial 3D position of the probe tip at the instant of touching is computed, with respect to a reference system, using an electronic camera. The computed 3D spatial position is stored as data. The electronic camera is rigidly connected to the probe, the camera being pointed away from the object at a target area which covers the volume to be measured. The target area has known reference points which form the reference system.

Abstract: A method for determining knocking combustion in an internal combustion engine having an alternating current ignition system, which method is used to control the duration of the ignition spark burning time as well as the ignition energy while the fuel-air-mixture is ignited by the spark plug, in dependence on the load condition and other characteristic values provided by the engine.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x, the reduction taking place in the presence of a catalyst which comprises(a) from 20 to 97 wt % of A.sub.2 O.sub.3,(b) from 1 to 40 wt % of CuO,(c) from 1 to 50 wt % of ZnO,(d) from 1 to 40 wt % of Ag,(e) from 0 to 2 wt % of Pt,(f) from 0 to 20 wt % of oxides of rare earth metals, elements of the 3rd subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements or mixtures thereof,based on the total weight of the components (a) to (e), which adds up to 100 wt %, wherein, in each case, up to half the weight of the component (a) may be replaced by Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 or mixtures thereof, of the component (b) by CoO, of the component (c) by MgO, of the component (d) by Au and of the component (e) by Pd, Ru, Os, Ir, Rh, Re or mixtures thereof, is used for reducing NO.sub.x, especially in combustion off-gases, the components (a), (b) and (c) forming a spinel which is doped with the components (d), (e) and (f).

Abstract: The invention relates to a covering device (1) for a spray nozzle passage opening (64) of a headlight washer system (66) for a motor vehicle. The covering device has a hinged door (14) which fits flush into a pivoting mounting frame (10) placed in the opening (64) and which, in the closed position under spring tension visibly covers the entire opening (64) in which the mounting frame (10) is inserted. In this way, the covering device (1) fits flush into the surrounding exterior skin (80), thus ensuring a smooth and even seam.

Abstract: A method for performing shifting operations in an automated, mechanical transmission, which is coupled via an automated clutch to an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine. The setpoint engine torque (MDsoll) is essentially predefinable by a gas pedal (10) and/or by a vehicle-speed controller or limiter (17, 18). The setpoint engine torque is varied in response to gear shifting operations through the intervention of an electronic control device, as follows: The area of the electronic control device that is designated for the transmission control is continually supplied with the setpoint engine torque MDsoll1. In response to manually or automatically introduced gear shifting operations, a switch is made to the setpoint engine torque being input by the electronic transmission control, which calculates this setpoint engine torque (GW-MD) as a function of gear-change parameters and/or extracts it from gear-change characteristics maps or curves.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled cylinder head for a multicylinder internal combustion engine. The cylinder head has a coolant chamber in which gas exchange passages running in the direction of a transverse engine axis and at least one chamber for a spark plug and/or an injection nozzle are arranged. Also, bolt pipes for distributing the bolt tension forces of the cylinder head bolts are provided, the cylinder head being joinable to a crankcase of the internal combustion engine with interposition of a cylinder head seal. The bolt pipes have ribs formed by thickened configurations of adjacent wall sections of the gas exchange passages in the region of the cylinder head bolt. A high, uniform surface pressure on the cylinder head seal is thereby enabled, even in the regions between the cylinder head bolts, and even when space is restricted.

Abstract: A method for determining an operating parameter of an internal combustion engine. An ionic current signal curve at a spark plug of the internal combustion engine is measured for a number of ignitions as a function of time. The measured signal curves are then averaged to obtain an averaged signal curve. A maximum and/or the time of the maximum of the averaged signal curve is determined. Based on the maximum of the average signal curve and/or the time of the maximum of the average signal curve, the operating parameter is calculated.

Abstract: A braking force distribution linkage for a muscular energy-actuated parking brake system of a motor vehicle, in which the braking force is transferred at least via control cables both to one gear of the vehicle's transmission and to the wheels of at least one driven vehicle axle, the wheel brakes on each vehicle axle being respectively articulated via a compensation element. A linkage, lever and balance arm arrangement ensures a sufficient parking-hold effect on a road surface with differing nonskid properties, even in the event of failure of a portion of the braking system.

Abstract: An extrusion arrangement is disclosed for manufacturing hollow-profile workpieces made of metal, including an extrusion die which is guided in an extrusion chamber and compresses material situated in the extrusion chamber. For forming an extruded hollow profile, the extrusion die presses the material through a bottom die arranged on a head-side end of the extrusion chamber, a forming of the extruded hollow profile taking place by means of internal high pressure during the emerging from the bottom die. Advantageously, a plurality of forming tools are provided which can be alternately arranged adjoining the outlet opening of the bottom die for receiving an extruded hollow profile and its forming, and, for cooling and releasing the formed extruded profile, the tools can be removed from the bottom die.

Abstract: The power train of a motor vehicle has an automated clutch which can transmit torque from a prime mover to a transmission in response to signals from an electronic control unit. The latter causes the clutch to transmit a constant torque during a first interval, to thereupon transmit a gently varying torque during a second interval if the operator of the motor vehicle fails to carry out certain necessary operations prior to elapse of the first interval, and to thereafter transmit a pronouncedly varying torque during a third interval if no remedial undertakings were completed during the second interval. The third interval is cut short if the engine tends to choke, and the full or shortened third interval can be followed by a fourth interval corresponding to the first interval or by a further interval corresponding to the second interval.

Abstract: A friction-type member, which is suited, in particular, as a brake pad for a brake member of fiber-reinforced ceramic, and a method for manufacturing such a brake pad. A mixture is initially prepared from at least carbon particles and metal particles, if indicated, with the addition of polymer binding agents suited for pyrolysis; of hard material particles, such as silicon carbide or titanium carbide as abradants; and of solid lubricants, such as molybdenum sulphide or graphite, and subsequently cold-pressed into green compacts. Sintering is then carried out under vacuum or protective atmosphere, the organic binding agent concentrations initially being pyrolized, and the metal particles being at least partially bonded by reaction to carbon. The friction pads manufactured in this manner exhibit considerable mechanical strength, good frictional properties, as well as a high thermal loading capacity accompanied by a low rate of wear.

Abstract: A subframe for motor vehicles, in particular for the front axles of passenger cars, which includes side parts running in the longitudinal vehicle direction that are joined by upper and lower cross elements running in the transverse vehicle direction to form a box profiled section, which is deformable in the longitudinal direction in response to longitudinal forces produced by a collision, and which is able to be used as an assembly unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for regulating the coolant circuit for an internal combustion engine is equipped with a radiator and a heating system heat exchanger, a water pump, and a thermostat valve which makes possible two circuits in the warmup phase of the engine or at low engine temperatures, one circuit being provided for cooling the engine via a bypass line, and a second circuit being provided to the heating system heat exchanger via a heating system line. A differential pressure valve, regulated as a function of engine speed, is arranged in the bypass line, the bypass line being blocked, and all of the coolant being passed through the heating system line, in the warmup phase or in the phase with a low engine temperature when the speed of the engine is low; and the differential pressure valve opening and uncovering the bypass line at higher engine speeds, a quantitative distribution of the coolant occurring via the bypass line and the heating system line as a function of the design of the differential pressure valve.

Abstract: The invention concerns a cover (10) for a longitudinal member of a automobile, with a longitudinally extending covering part (16) which is securely attachable with the body (14) of the automobile and in the assembled condition covers the longitudinal member at least from the side exposed to view, of which the end segments (28, 30) with their upper edge (36, 38) engage the front and rear fender of the body with formation of a joint. For simplification of the manufacture and assembly as well as for improvement of the form integration a joint gap covering joint gap shield (42, 44) is provided on the respective end segments (28, 30), which is capable of being pre-assembled via connecting elements (46, 48), wherein the end segments together with the pre-assembled joint gap shield are attachable to the automobile body at associated connecting positions by means of the connecting elements.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the throttle and/or injection quantity of a motor vehicle combustion engine at the command of a vehicle driver, an adaption being made to the vehicle driver's driving style, the curve of angle throttle position and/or injection quantity over accelerator pedal position angle exhibiting a progressive characteristic when there is driving behavior recognized as conservative and a degressive characteristic when there is driving behavior recognized as sporty.

Abstract: Direct-injected, four-cycle internal combustion engines can be operated advantageously with charge stratification, with the fuel being injected into the combustion chamber during the compression stroke of the piston in the cylinder as a conical fuel stream. To ignite the stratified mixture cloud, an igniting spark jumps between the electrodes of a spark plug and thus contacts an ignitable mixture. In order to guarantee sufficient preparation and stable ignition and combustion of the fuel/air mixture in the long term, it is proposed that the electrodes be located outside a conical jacket of the fuel stream and that the combustion chamber roof be so designed that the conical jacket is formed during injection between the injector and the spark plug close to the wall of the combustion chamber roof. The mixture guided in the conical jacket is deflected outward in the direction of the electrodes as a result.