Abstract: A method of controlling a catalytic exhaust system having a first catalytic unit located upstream of a second catalytic unit includes i) providing a relationship between the temperature of the first catalytic unit, an amount of NH3 stored in the second catalytic unit, and a corresponding limit value of the amount of NH3 permitted in the first catalytic unit; ii) measuring or estimating the amount of NH3 in the second catalytic unit; iii) measuring or estimating the temperature of the first catalytic unit; iv) using the relationship and measured/estimated parameters of steps ii and iii to provide the limit value for the amount of NH3 to be stored in the first catalytic unit; and v) using the parameter from iv in the control of the catalytic exhaust system.

Abstract: A method of controlling the commutation of a brushless direct current motor includes providing sensors which provide a variable output dependent on rotational angle or the relative position of the stator and rotor of the motor. Output from the sensors is sampled at a time between a past commutation event and the next commutation event to be implemented. An angular position between the rotor and stator is determined at the time. The time of the next commutation event is determined based on the next commutation angle, motor speed, and the determined angular position.

Abstract: A device for controlling a camshaft phaser includes a hydraulic element with a body, a slide assembly having a slide body, and a valve assembly with a first valve, a second valve, and a third valve. The device also includes an actuator which moves along a longitudinal axis between 1) a first position in which the first valve opens or closes a first fluid communication, 2) a second position in which the second valve and the tray open or close a second fluid communication, and 3) a third position in which the third valve and the slide body open or close a third fluid communication between a retard port and a retard chamber.

Abstract: A control screw for a camshaft phase shifter of an internal combustion engine extends along a longitudinal axis. The control screw includes a screw body. The control screw also includes a tubular spool assembly having a control valve assembly with at least three rigid rings and at least two valves. Each valve includes at least one vane connected to two flexible arms. The valve is connected to two consecutive rigid rings.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the velocity of a pintle assembly in a solenoid fuel injector during a closing stroke of the pintle assembly, such that a braking step is performed during the closing stroke, which includes operating an injector driver with a current regulator to establish a braking current in the solenoid coil. The velocity of the pintle assembly is derived from the duty-cycle of the current regulator during the braking step. A method of operating a solenoid fuel injector, in particular for gaseous fuel, using the so-determined pintle velocity is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sealing device for sealing and vibration isolation intended to plug the space between a heat exchanger and a pipe of a ventilation and air-conditioning system of a vehicle. The sealing device includes a thin closed frame, an inner seal able to plug the inner space situated between the frame and the exchanger, an outer seal able to plug the outer space situated between the frame and the pipe, inner vibration-damping studs extending from the inner face of the frame and being able to be in contact with the heat exchanger, outer vibration-damping studs extending from the outer face of the frame and being able to be in contact with the pipe for circulation of air, inner and outer studs together isolating the pipe from the exchanger, the inner and outer seals and the inner and outer studs being attached to the frame.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine includes an ignition transformer with two primary windings. The ignition system is designed to generate, for a given ignition event, a unipolar current through the secondary winding by way of a control circuit that is configured to first energize and deenergize the first primary winding to establish a first electrical arc across the spark-plug electrodes and, when the current in the secondary winding reaches, or drops below, a current threshold, repeatedly energizes and deenergizes the second primary winding to establish a plurality of second current pulses across the electrodes in order to maintain the burn phase.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger realizing improved heat exchange performance by increasing the fluidity of fluids and by promoting turbulence of the fluids, including: heat exchange elements stacked by being laid one on top of another and individually formed by assembling upper and lower plates, with an internal flow channel defined in each of the heat exchange elements and an external flow channel defined between the heat exchange elements, the internal and external flow channels allowing internal and external fluids to pass therethrough, respectively, wherein the upper and lower plates are provided with respective wave patterns having ridges and valleys, each of the heat exchange elements has an inlet port and an outlet port, the upper and lower plates respectively have an upper flange and a lower flange which are assembled with each other through fitting, and first and second flat parts are formed around the upper and lower flanges.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a master cylinder for a vehicle. The master cylinder includes a housing, a piston, inlet ports and a seal. The housing has therein a liquid pressure chamber to contain oil. The piston reciprocates in the liquid pressure chamber to control the pressure in the liquid pressure chamber. A front end of the piston has a stepped structure. The inlet ports are provided in the housing so that oil is supplied into the liquid pressure chamber through the inlet ports. The seal is seated into a seating depression which is formed in the inner surface of the housing. The seal opens or closes a flow path of the oil depending on whether the seal is brought into contact with the piston. The oil flows into the liquid pressure chamber along the stepped outer surface of the piston through a space defined between the piston and the seal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a blower motor assembly for a vehicle. The blower motor assembly comprises an armature assembly, a motor body, a magnet, an upper case, and a lower case. The armature assembly comprises a rotatable armature shaft with an armature. The motor body is an open cylinder that houses the armature assembly. The magnet is installed between the motor body and the armature assembly. The upper case has a through-hole which permits the armature shaft to projects outward through. The lower case is coupled to the upper case. The motor body is installed in an internal space defined by the coupled upper and lower cases. The motor body is fixed in a correspondingly-shaped hollow portion defined by a wall of a motor body fixing portion formed in the lower case. The magnet is fixed to a magnet fixing portion formed in the lower case.

Abstract: An internal cooling apparatus for automobiles includes a first expansion valve for spraying a coolant to a main evaporator through a high-pressure pipe, a compressor receiving the coolant evaporated in the main evaporator through a low-pressure pipe, a condenser receiving the coolant compressed in the compressor, and a plurality of sub-evaporators each being installed inside of a seat to contact an automobile passenger. One end of each of the sub-evaporators is communicated with the high-pressure pipe and the other end thereof is communicated with the low-pressure pipe such that part of the coolant sprayed through the first expansion valve is supplied to the compressor via each of the sub-evaporators.

Abstract: A connection structure and a connection method of connecting field coils and lead wires in a vehicle alternator. The connection structure includes a rotor assembly, a rear fan, and a rotor insulator. The rotor assembly includes a rotor shaft, a spool bobbin, and rotor segments. In the connection structure, a soldering or welding process is performed on twisted parts, which are formed by twisting field coils and lead wires around each other, the twisted parts are bent in the guide pockets of the rotor insulator, epoxy is applied to the outer surfaces of the twisted parts and the inner surfaces of guide pockets, and the rear fan is coupled to the front of the rotor insulator so that the inner surfaces of the protrusion hubs of the rear fan are in close contact with the guide pockets of the rotor insulator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a master cylinder for a vehicle. The master cylinder includes a housing, a piston, inlet ports and a seal. The housing has therein a liquid pressure chamber to contain oil. The piston reciprocates in the liquid pressure chamber to control the pressure in the liquid pressure chamber. A front end of the piston has a stepped structure. The inlet ports are provided in the housing so that oil is supplied into the liquid pressure chamber through the inlet ports. The seal is seated into a seating depression which is formed in the inner surface of the housing. The seal opens or closes a flow path of the oil depending on whether the seal is brought into contact with the piston. The oil flows into the liquid pressure chamber along the stepped outer surface of the piston through a space defined between the piston and the seal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a terminal assembly of an alternator for vehicles and the terminal assembly manufactured by the method. The terminal assembly manufacturing method of the present invention includes a first step of notching and piercing a blank plate, a second step of deep-drawing notched portions of the plate to form a plurality of assembly protrusions, each of which has a pierced cylindrical shape protruding from the plate, a third step of trimming and piercing the plate to give it a predetermined shape, and a fourth step of coining and bending the plate, thus forming the terminal assembly.

Abstract: An automotive part containing at least one component formed from a composition comprising the following: (i) a crystalline, isotactic propylene homopolymer, (ii) an ethylene/?-olefin elastomeric impact modifier, and (iii) a reinforcing grade of filler, for example, talc. The crystalline isotactic propylene homopolymer has a flex modulus of greater than about 1930 MPa and a heat deflection temperature (HDT) of greater than about 100° C.; the ethylene/?-olefin interpolymer has a Tg of less than about ?30° C., and a tan delta measured at 0.1 radians/s at 190° C. of less than about 2; and the filler has a HDT reinforcing efficiency of at least about 2. The automotive part has an HDT of greater than about 100° C. and a flex modulus of greater than about 1930 MPa.

Abstract: A multi-purpose buckle sensor assembly includes a hall sensor portion including a hail sensor and a printed enclosed in one package; a base plate including a metal pattern with a plurality of terminal portions for control and power lines formed in a predetermined pattern and a supporting plate including a plurality of terminal seats for connecting the connecting ends of control and power lines to the terminal portions; a movable member including at least two contact terminals for generating various control and a terminal block made of a heat-melted material in the form of a fork having three branches at the front portion and including at least one branch enclosing the connecting ends of the control and power lines electrically coupled to each other with the control terminal portions in corresponding power terminal seats, in which the hall sensor portion is cooperated with a buckle assembly.

Abstract: A seatbelt buckle apparatus includes a buckle assembly for latching or unlatching a tongue connected to a seatbelt, a hall sensor assembly including contact and non-contact switched integrated into one unit, which is coupled with the buckle assembly, and for operating together with the buckle assembly to detect the locking or unlocking state thereof to generate at least two control signals; an upper case and a lower case coupled to each other for receiving the buckle assembly and the hall sensor assembly, in which the lower case includes a device for determining the position of the hall sensor assembly and fixing it thereon; the frame includes a device for determining the position of the hall sensor assembly and fixing it thereto; and an ejector including a second permanent magnet to cooperate with the hall sensor responsive to the movement thereof and a pair of leg portions projected from a lower surface thereof to cooperate with the movable member.

Abstract: A vehicular seatbelt retractor includes a load control for controlling an excessive force applied to a web and a web sensor for sensing the webbing acceleration of a seatbelt to take counteraction against the abnormal state of a vehicle at a quick speed, in which the load control enables a disk to be frictionally engaged with one surface of a spool winding portion, thereby dissipating the force applied to a web, and a torsion bar coupled at one end with a boss to be cooperated with a spool, thereby controlling the force applied to the web and the web sensor enables a latch member elastically supported at one end by an inertia spring to sense the web acceleration in an adjusted time range along with a wing thereby to take counteraction against the abnormal state of a vehicle.

Abstract: A rotation device of a buckle for use in an automobile seat belt is provided with a base having a plate-like shape to be mounted on a bottom surface of a main body and provided with a circular plate portion at its one end, the circular plate portion provided with a through hole formed therethrough, and a pair of side walls bent upwardly each of which has a lug bent inwardly to be integrally formed with the circular plate portion as well as the pair of side walls, a stalk whose one end is rotatably mounted on an upper surface of the circular plate portion of the base has a hole formed therethrough and a stopper portion formed around the end of the stalk and provided with a protrusion for being contacted with an inner surface of the side wall of the base and an abutment for limiting a rotation angle of the main body, the stalk having a protrusion for stopping a rotational movement, an elastic member whose one end is contacted to the protrusion for stopping a rotational movement and having an elasticity and a th

Abstract: There is provided a side airbag for an automobile having airbag modules 100, 200, 300, which selectively includes reinforcing pads, an inner cushion pad, a tube-type tether and a tear seam, all of which are piled in multi-layers, so that the side airbag may be developed with regulating the gas pressure duration without eccentricity, in a useful and effective manner to successfully protect a driver and passengers seated in the vehicle. The cushion pads used in the side airbag require a small amount of materials, are easily seamed and easily folded, so as to reduce costs.