Abstract: In a method for sealing a tap opening in a metallurgical container a plug with a plug sleeve and a refractory flowable material is provided having a metal rod or pipe surrounded by a protective pipe connected thereto. The plug sleeve and the protective pipe are made of a material resistant to a molten mass of metal in the metallurgical container only for a short period of time. The material is a temporarily heat-insulating material which cokes within the molten mass of metal and is cardboard or wood. The time of introduction of the plug sleeve is controlled based on measured parameters of the molten mass. The plug is introduced into the tap opening by guiding the plug with the metal rod or pipe through the molten mass in the metallurgical container. The plug sleeve changes by temperature action of the molten mass of metal such that the flowable material is distributed in the tap opening and seals the tap opening.

Abstract: A rolling system has a plant producing a plurality of continuously advancing and parallel hot metal strands, a vertical-roll stand receiving the strands, and a horizontal-roll stand. The vertical-roll stand has an upstream row of vertical pairs of rolls and, immediately downstream therefrom in a movement direction of the strands, a downstream row of vertical pairs or rolls with nips offset laterally from the nips of the upstream row. Every other strand passes by the upstream roll pairs and through the nips of the downstream roll pairs and the remaining strands pass through the nips of the upstream roll pairs and by the downstream roll pairs. The horizontal-roll stand is aligned with the vertical-roll stand and has a pair of horizontal rolls forming a plurality of nips aligned in the direction with the vertical-roll stand nips.

Abstract: A rolling train for structural shapes in which at least on one side of a train having a plurality of mill stands, e.g. universal mill stands, a detector is provided for the actual profile of the rolled product. The actual profile is compared with a setpoint profile and corrected setpoint values for the operating parameters of the individual stands are generated for a corrected subsequent rolling operation or even the same rolling operation, appropriately weighted for the contribution of the various stands to the rolling effect.

Abstract: A rolling roll train of the staggered-roll tandem type has a pair of upright stand walls with windows or openings for receiving a multiplicity of pairs of rolls which can be changed as a unit. The fact that unitary walls with traverses between the walls for stabilizing them and where those traverses are located between the roll pairs, enables the spacing between the roll pairs to be substantially reduced by comparison with free-standing individual mill stands for the roll pairs.

Abstract: Between an intermediate roll unit and a dimensioning finishing roll unit of a continuous light-section or wire rod rolling train, a multifunctional section is provided with three parallel lines and at least the first and second rolling lines having rolling blocks and substantially all of the lines including cooling sections and/or temperature equalization sections. Via distributing guides and 180° loop forming path segments, the workpieces are selectively directable from the first line to the dimensioning finishing rolling unit without traveling over the second and third lines and to the dimensioning finishing rolling unit after travelling over all or part of the second and third lines.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for rolled wire rod has individual blowers for the outer and inner regions of the conveyor with speed control to insure a uniform cooling in spite of different mass along the outer and inner regions. A single controller may be provided for each motor or group of motors for each zone or some zones may be controlled and others not.

Abstract: A dummy bar for a continuous metal casting plant, particularly for a continuous casting plant for preliminary steel sections, includes a one-piece head piece having dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the mold cross-section and two rows of segments connected to the head piece. The two rows of segments extend parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the dummy bar and are spaced apart from each other by the width of the dummy bar. Flexible steel bands are mounted on each row of segments for connecting the segments.

Abstract: A coil-laying device has a body having a generally cylindrical outer surface centered on and rotatable about an axis and wall structure forming on the surface a radially outwardly open groove having an intake end, a center, and an output end. The groove has an axial dimension that decreases from the intake end to the center and that increases from the center to the output end. The groove has an angular dimension of about 360° and the center is located about 250° from the output end, so that the center is spaced between 0° and 110° from the intake end. Furthermore the groove is defined between walls that taper together between the intake end and the center at a predetermined angle and that diverge from the center to the output end at a larger angle.

Abstract: A continuous-casting mold has two parallel and spaced mold end plates having opposite ends and inner and outer faces and two parallel and spaced mold side plates extending generally perpendicular to the end plates, having inner and outer faces, and having opposite ends bearing on the respective side-plate ends. The inner faces form a generally rectangular mold passage having four corners. Respective rigid cooler plates bearing inward on the outer faces of the mold plates have ends at the corners. Respective clamps at the corners engage the cooler-plate ends, press the cooler plates inward on the mold plates, and thereby press the side-plate ends against the end-plate ends.

Abstract: In a method for casting prefabricated products in a continuous casting device, having a casting mold and a strand guide downstream of the casting mold, wherein the strand guide has rolls positioned opposite one another in pairs for supporting and guiding the solidifying cast strand. The motor torques of the drives are maintained at a level as equal as possible below a permissible torque limit value relative to a loadability of the strand shell. For a single drive and corresponding drive roll the permissible torque limit value is measured by continuously increasing the drive torque starting at zero and monitoring the rotational speed of the drive roll, while the remaining drive rolls are controlled to a preset nominal casting speed. For a superproportional increase of the rotational speed, the torque limit value is determined and the process is stopped.

Abstract: A rolling stand has a frame and a pair of support shafts centered on respective parallel shaft axes and each having an outer end projecting past the frame, inner and outer axially spaced bearing portions in the frame, and a gear between the respective inner and outer bearing portions. Each outer bearing portion lies between the respective inner bearing portion and the respective outer end. Respective rolls are carried on the outer ends outside the frame and respective eccentric sleeves rotatable in the frame about the axes engage the shafts at the bearing portions so that a spacing of the axes can be varied by rotating the sleeves in the frame. Respective pressure sleeves surround the shafts between the respective inner and outer bearing portions and are connected to a controller that pressurizes the sleeves and thereby bends the shafts in the frame between the inner and outer bearing portions.

Abstract: A continuous casting method and apparatus in which a distributor deposits a strand of molten steel upon a cooled surface of casting roll to a thickness of 1.0 to 6.0 mm, the cooling strand passes through the nip or gap between a fist counterroll and the casting roll and hardening strip is then passed through at least a first further nip between one or more further counterrolls and the surface of the casting roll. The height of the molten metal in the distributor is controlled to be constant by detecting the surface of the melt and regulating the outflow from an intermediate receptacle into the distributor and/or from the casting ladle into the intermediate receptacle so that the peripheral speed of the casting roll is matched to the speed with which the strand emerges from the distributor onto the casting roll.

Abstract: A rolling mill, especially an inclined roll or Diescher roll mill 3 its stand formed by a pair of portal frames on a foundation spaced apart by cassettes holding the upper and lower roll units and tie rods securing the portal frames against one another and the cassettes. The tie rods are spaced apart vertically or horizontally on the portal frames.

Abstract: A looper for thick metal strip has a large-diameter outer basket centered on an upright axis and a small-diameter inner basket axially above the outer basket and centered on an upright axis. The strip is fed on edge and generally tangentially into the outer basket to form therein a large-diameter spiral having an inner end. Then the strip is fed upward from the spiral inner end around the inner basket and is finally pulled tangentially from the inner basket. The strip is straightened generally as it leaves the inner basket.

Abstract: A continuous slab casting method whereby upstream of a soft reduction portion of a path of the strand and preferably downstream of a liquid core reduction portion, the strand is allowed to bulge by ferrostatic pressure of the liquid core, the bulge being pressed back during the soft reduction stage.

Abstract: A laying apparatus for forming rings of a rod-shaped rolled strand has at least part of the cantilevered portion of the lying apparatus cantilevered from the main bearing composed of a material lighter than steel to reduce gravitational sag and increase the resonant frequency, thereby increasing the speed of the strand.

Abstract: A cold pilger rolling tool for producing internally ribbed tubes uses a cold pilger step rolling process in a rolling stand that is movable back and forth in a direction of rolling and has rolls of a tapered design. The rolls of the stand roll along a material with an alternating direction of rotation. The tool includes a cold pilger rolling mandrel which tapers. The tool further comprises an extension plug mounted coaxially and rotatably at a free end of the cold pilger rolling mandrel and in which a negative of the helical internal ribbing which is to be produced is machined.

Abstract: A process for producing metal parts in accordance with the principle of squeeze or forge casting wherein a permanent mold (2) is provided having a mold cavity, a seal (4) is placed on an upper edge flange (5) of the mold surrounding the cavity opening (6), liquid metal (9) is introduced into the cavity, an upper die (3) is inserted (7) into the cavity such that the level of the liquid metal is raised until the higher-level cavity created by the seal (4) is filled, the metal is at least partially solidified, and the final shape of the part is produced by pressing (9) in the upper die, with deformation and spreading of the seal. The result is a completely dense workpiece of excellent dimensional stability which has the texture of a forged part and is correspondingly of very high strength.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the closing and holding force on the moulding die or tool (6, 7) of a pressure diecasting or injection moulding machine of which the closing device comprises a toggle lever mechanism. Measurement of the closing and holding force takes place by way of measuring a deformation of that end plate (4) on which the bars (1) and the toggle lever mechanism (10) are supported. The bars (1) and the toggle lever mechanism (10) transmit to the end plate (4) forces which produce a bending moment. The bending moment leads to a comparatively large deformation which is therefore readily measured by a measuring device (14, 24) associated with the end plate. By arranging the measuring device (14, 24) at the end plate (4), one also avoids damage to the measuring device (14, 24) by the movable parts of the closing device and access to the pressure diecasting or injection moulding machine by the operator is not impeded (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A metallurgical vessel includes a cylindrical portion which is supported on a ring carrying a tilting spindle which is mounted for pivotal tilting movement of the vessel. The vessel includes a frustoconical mouth portion at its upper end which terminates in a mouth ring of reinforced construction. The construction includes a cooling arrangement for the mouth portion which comprises a plurality of groups of coils which are wound around the mouth portion and which are advantageously wound in the form of a multistart screw thread. Each group of coils includes an inlet and an outlet which is connected to a distributor through suitable valves. This distributor in turn is connected through a main distribution pipe which extends through an opening in the tilting ring and the tilting spindle and is connected to a source of fluid cooling medium through a rotary seal at the outer end of the tilting spindle.