Abstract: Pigmented, abrasion and corrosion resistant, thermosetting organic solvent solution coating composition comprise: (A) from about 50 percent to about 85 percent of total resin solids of a triol-based blocked polyurethane polyisocyanate having a number average molecular weight in the range of 600 to 4000; (B) from about 15 percent to about 50 percent of total resin solids of an epoxy-phosphate provided by reacting a resinous polyepoxide with at least 0.05 mole of orthophosphoric acid per equivalent of oxirane in the polyepoxide; and (C) a corrosion-inhibiting pigment, preferably a chromium-containing pigment, providing resistance to corrosion. These coatings may be applied to the metal surface to be protected, or the metal surface may be protected with another primer which is overcoated with the subject coatings. The subject coatings are then topcoated, especially with pigmented fluorocarbon coatings.

Abstract: Substrates, and especially aluminum substrates, are durably coated to include, as a basecoat, a heavily pigmented opaque coating composition consisting essentially of from about 45% to about 85% of a fluorocarbon resin and from 15% to about 55% of an acrylic resin, and having a pigment volume concentration sufficient to visually obliterate anything beneath it, said heavily pigmented coating composition being overcoated with a fluorocarbon topcoat containing from about 45% to about 85% of a fluorocarbon resin, and from about 15% to about 55% of an acrylic resin, on a resin solids basis, and having a pigment volume concentration of at least about 1%, on a film solids basis, the pigment content of said topcoat being insufficient to prevent the color of the basecoat from being easily seen.

Abstract: An essentially isocyanate-free polyurethane, polyurea, polyethylenic oligomer is disclosed which is unusually strong and elastic and which possesses improved solvent solubility. This oligomer is the reaction product of: (1) organic diisocyanate; (2) a stoichiometric deficiency of difunctional materials reactive therewith and consisting essentially of: (A) diol component selected from polycarbonate diol and polyoxyalkylene glycol, this diol component having a molecular weight of from 200 to 2000; (B) dihydric bisphenol-based alkylene oxide adduct containing from 2-6 alkylene groups per molecule; and (C) a diprimary diamine component selected from alkylene diamine and polyoxyalkylene diamine, this diamine component having a molecular weight of from about 60 to 800. Components (A) and (B) are present in a mole ratio of, from 1:1.5 to 1:5 and component (C) is present to supply from 5 to 30 equivalent percent of the total equivalents of component (2).

Abstract: The reaction product of an adduct of an ethylenically unsaturated monohydric alcohol, such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, with an organic diisocyanate in which one of the two isocyanate groups is more strongly reactive than the other, such as isophorone diisocyanate, is reacted with a phenoxy resin in solvent solution. The alcohol is used in a molar excess of at least about 3% up to 30% to insure the absence of any significant proportion of unreacted diisocyanate. The phenoxy resin which is reacted with is a high molecular weight hydroxy functional polyether having a number average molecular weight above 10,000 and an hydroxy functionality in the range of from about 20 to about 300. The adduct is used in an amount to introduce about 1.5 to about 20 ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule of the polyether, and the reaction is continued to substantially eliminate unreacted isocyanate functionality.

Abstract: An ultraviolet curing liquid coating composition which, when cured with ultraviolet light in the presence of an appropriate photoinitiator, provides a coating adapted for the coating of optical glass fiber. This coating composition comprises as the essential component, an acrylate-terminated polyurethane oligomer based on a polyfunctional core which is at least trifunctional and which supports one branch for each functionality in the core. Each of the branches leads to an acrylate-functional terminal group, with there being from about 150 to about 2500 units of molecular weight in each branch between the trifunctional core and the acrylate-functional terminal group. Depending primarily upon the molecular weight of the branches, one can provide coating compositions for buffer coat, single coat or topcoat use.

Abstract: A method of coating a metal part with a peelable mask which is resistant to attack by the strong acid and strong base etchants used in chemical milling is disclosed in which the metal part is surfaced with a layer of polyvalent metal salt, such as calcium nitrate, and then immersed in a high solids content anionic emulsion of coalescent rubbery particles heavily pigmented to contain at least about 45% total solids content and at least 20% pigment, the pigment to binder ratio being from 0.75:1 to 1:0.51. The salt-surfaced metal part is held in the anionic emulsion until the desired coating thickness has been anodically deposited thereon, and then the coated part is removed and baked to complete the formation of the mask. The rubbery particles are preferably constituted by an anionic polychloroprene homopolymer emulsion which is used in admixture with a curing agent for the homopolymer, like zinc oxide, and a polyvinylidene chloride latex.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of carrying out an aqueous emulsion copolymerization to provide an alkali-soluble anionic copolymer having thickening characteristics while minimizing plating and grit problems in which the aqueous emulsion copolymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising from 15% to 50% by weight of carboxyl-functional monomer, at least about 10% by weight of monomer, preferably a urethane monomer, having surfactant characteristics, and the balance of the monomers being selected to provide a water insoluble copolymer, is carried out in the presence of a salt of an aromatic sulfonic acid, such as sodium styrene sulfonate, in an amount of from about 0.1% up to about 6.0%, by weight.

Abstract: Radiation-curing oligomers and liquid coating compositions based thereon are disclosed which cure with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photoinitiator. The coating compositions can provide either a single coating for optical glass fiber which resists microbending difficulties down to around -40.degree. C., or a topcoat for overcoating softer buffer coatings which resist microbending down to around -60.degree. C.

Abstract: A thermosetting size applyable to paper in a size press and curable at a temperature not in excess of about 280.degree. F. for 10 seconds is disclosed. This size comprises an aqueous emulsion comprising water having suspended therein aqueous emulsion copolymer particles of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising hydroxy-functional monomer having an hydroxy number of at least about 20, and the balance of the monomers provides a water insoluble polymer having a glass transition temperature of from about -20.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C. The emulsion has a pH greater than about 2.5, preferably from 4.0 to 7.0, and a stoichiometric deficiency of an aminoplast cross-linking agent is used for cure. An acid curing catalyst is uniformly distributed in the size to speed the cure.

Abstract: A thermosetting solvent solution coating composition is disclosed which cures to provide the appearance of anodized aluminum. This composition comprises a dispersion of a fluorocarbon polymer in volatile organic solvent which is pigmented with a finely divided mica (preferably titanium dioxide coated) and an aluminum flake (which is preferably acid-resistant) to provide a combination of whiteness and transparancy providing an anodized aluminum appearance. This pigmented dispersion contains a thermosetting acrylic, preferably an hydroxy-functional acrylic copolymer and a curing agent therefor to provide a thermosetting cure which enhances the hardness and abrasion resistance of the coating, and enough additional pigment to provide sufficient coloration to allow production control without providing enough opacity to hide the whiteness and metallic appearance provided by the combination of mica and aluminum flake.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-curable coating composition adapted for the buffer coating of optical glass fiber consists essentially of an acrylate-capped polyurethane in admixture with at least about 25% of its weight of liquid monoethylenically unsaturated monomer having a low glass transition temperature below about 0.degree. C. and at least about 3% of N-vinyl pyrrolidone based on the weight of the low glass transition temperature monomer.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-curable coating composition adapted for the buffer coating of optical glass fiber consists essentially of an acrylate-capped polyurethane in admixture with at least about 25% of its weight of liquid monoethylenically unsaturated monomer having a low glass transition temperature below about 0.degree. C. The acrylate-capped polyurethane is based on a generally linear polyurethane which is the reaction product of organic diisocyanate with a stoichiometric deficiency of a modified diol, this modified diol being the diester reaction product of polyoxytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 2000 with a stoichiometric deficiency of a long chain ester-forming hydrocarbon-substituted dicarboxylic acid or ester-forming substitution product thereof.

Abstract: Ultraviolet-curable ethylenically unsaturated liquid coating composition are disclosed which consist essentially of:1--polyethylenically unsaturated material in which the ethylenically unsaturated groups are polymerizable groups which are not (meth)acrylate groups;2--a polyamine resin, preferably a polytertiary amine resin; and3--an aryl ketone photosensitizer.

Abstract: Liquid coating compositions adapted to be cured by exposure to ionizing radiation are disclosed in which a liquid vehicle of coating viscosity having an ethylenically unsaturated portion comprising one or more polyethylenically unsaturated materials adapted to cure on radiation exposure, pigment dispersed in the vehicle, and an acrylate-functional radiation-curable dispersant having free carboxyl group for wetting the pigment and assisting in the stable dispersion of the pigment in the vehicle. This dispersant is an acrylate-functional carboxylic acid amide carrying free carboxyl groups, especially an adduct of a polyacrylate and a stoichiometric deficiency of a primary amine to provide a secondary amine having acrylate functionality, the secondary amine functionality being reacted with a polycarboxylic acid anhydride to form amide groups therewith.

Abstract: Buffer-coated and overcoated optical glass fiber is disclosed in which the topcoat has the high strength and high tensile modulus combined with good elongation and solvent resistance associated with extruded jacket coatings, but which is applied by ordinary coating procedures and cured by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The coating compositions which enable this to be achieved comprise an ultraviolet curable coating composition comprising, based on total reactive components, from about 60% up to about 85% of a diepoxide polyacrylate combined with at least about 15% of an monacrylate-functional monomer having a glass transition temperature below 0.degree. C. to provide desired coating viscosity. The diepoxide is a diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol having a molecular weight in the range of about 560 to about 2000 and contains at least 1.8 oxirane groups per molecule, substantially all of these oxirane groups being consumed in the polyacrylate.

Abstract: Cross-linked dispersion copolymers are disclosed which are produced by the aqueous emulsion copolymerization of from 15% to 80% of vinyl acetate, and from 5% to 70% of polyethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent, like hexane diol diacrylate, from 1% to 40% of other copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomer being desirably present, preferably from 5% to 25% of a reactive monomer which is desirably hydroxyl-functional. The dispersion copolymers are suspended in active organic solvents which extensively swell the copolymer particles. These suspensions are useful in thermosetting solution coating compositions where they provide improved thermal sag resistance.

Abstract: Aqueous thermosetting cationic electrocoating compositions are disclosed in which an amine-functional cationic polymer is dispersed in water with the aid of an acid, a curing agent being added if the polymer is not self-curing, and there is added from 1% to 30% of the polymer content of the composition of an oxirane-free epoxy phosphate. This epoxy phosphate is produced by slowly and incrementally adding a resinous polyepoxide to a solvent solution containing from 0.05 to 0.9 mole of orthophosphoric acid per oxirane equivalent in said polyepoxide together with sufficient water to hydrolyze all of the oxirane functionality which is not consumed by the orthophosphoric acid. When the epoxy phosphate is made in the manner set forth, the salt spray resistance of electrodeposited cured films is improved.

Abstract: Alkaline aqueous latex paints are disclosed which have a pH of at least about 7.5 and contain an effective amount of a combination of thickeners constituted by: (I) a urethane polymer having at least three hydrophobic groups, at least two of which are terminal hydrophobic groups, the hydrophobic groups being linked by hydrophilic groups: and (II) an alkali-soluble aqueous emulsion copolymer of: (A) about 20-70 weight percent of an alpha, beta-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, typically methacrylic acid; (B) about 20-80 weight percent of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer lacking surfactant capacity, typically ethyl acrylate; (C) about 0.5-60 weight percent of a nonionic urethane monomer which is the urethane reaction product of a monohydric nonionic surfactant with a monoethylenically unsaturated monoisocyanate; and (D) from 0 up to about 2 weight percent of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Abstract: A postformable ultraviolet curable primer coating composition is disclosed which consists essentially of: (A) from 10% to 80% of a linear acrylate-terminated polyurethane based on a polycarbonate diol; (B) from 2% to 35%, of acrylic acid; (C) from 15% to 65% of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer having the rapid ultraviolet cure rate associated with acrylate monomers and having a glass transition temperature above 35.degree. C.,; (D) from 0% to 25% of a polyacrylate monomer; and (E) photoinitiator rendering the composition curable with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers are disclosed which improve the adhesion of copolymers (especially those produced by aqueous emulsion copolymerization to provide latex paint). These monomers are the reaction product of one equivalent of a monoethylenically unsaturated compound which resists homopolymerization and which carries a single isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atom, such as 2-hydroxy propyl monobutyl maleate, one mole of an organic polyisocyante, such as 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate, and sufficient alkyl alkylene urea carrying a single isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atom on the alkyl group, such as 2-hydroxyethyl ethylene urea, to consume the remaining isocyanate functionality on the polyisocyanate. An improved method of producing these monomers from a mixture of all three reactants is also disclosed.