Abstract: Aqueous satin paints are disclosed having improved hide at lowered titanium dioxide content in which the dispersed pigment is present in an amount providing a pigment volume concentration of from 25% to 50%, and in which the pigment contains from 30% to 60% of titanium dioxide, rutile, and the balance of the pigment consists essentially of pigmented vesiculated beads and opaque polymer particles in a ratio of 60/40 to 70/30.

Abstract: Aqueous paints are disclosed having improved hide at lowered titanium dioxide content in which the dispersed pigment is present in an amount providing a pigment volume concentration of from 20% to 80%, and in which the pigment contains from 5% to 65% of titanium dioxide, rutile, and the balance of the pigment consists essentially of pigmented vesiculated beads and opaque polymer particles in a ratio of 30/70 to 90/10. The proportion of opaque polymer particles is smaller at higher pigment volume concentrations to avoid excessive impairment of the burnish and scrub resistance, but a large gain in hide is obtained, nonetheless. Gloss paints are particularly contemplated having a pigment volume concentration of from 20% to 40%, the pigment contains from 35% to 65% of titanium dioxide, rutile, and the ratio of pigmented vesiculated beads to opaque polymer particles is 30/70 to 50/50.

Abstract: Aqueous flat paints are disclosed having improved hide at lowered titanium dioxide content in which the dispersed pigment is present in an amount providing a pigment volume concentration of from 60% to 80%, and in which the pigment contains from 5% to 25% of titanium dioxide, rutile, and the balance of the pigment consists essentially of pigmented vesiculated beads and opaque polymer particles in a ratio of 80/20 to 90/10. The small proportion of opaque polymer particles used minimizes the reduction in burnish and scrub resistance, but a large gain in hide is obtained.

Abstract: Radiation-curable coating compositions particularly adapted to reduce the adhesion of the radiation-cured coatings to glass optical fibers (and thereby enhance strippability) are disclosed. These comprise a radiation-curable polyethylenic organic compound and from about 2% to about 20% of the coating composition of an organic polysiloxane carrying a plurality of hydroxy-terminated groups which are joined to some of the silicon atoms in the polysiloxane chain by a carbon-to-silicon bond. The polysiloxane reduces the adhesion of the radiation-cured coating to the glass surface of the fiber. Ultraviolet cures using acrylates as the ethylenic group are preferred.

Abstract: Radiation-curable coating compositions adapted for application to buffer-coated optical fibers are disclosed. These are intended to apply an adherent topcoat having greater toughness and greater hardness than the buffer coating. The new compositions comprise: (1) from 25% to 70% of diethylenic-terminated polyurethane, which may include urea linkages, the polyurethane being based on a diisocyanate having an average molecular weight of from 400 to 5000; (2) from 5% to 40% of a diethylenically unsaturated ester of a diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol, said ether having a molecular weight up to about 1000; and (3) from 5% to 30% of liquid radiation-curable monoethylenically unsaturated monomer having a T.sub.g above about 55.degree. C., especially N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Ultraviolet cures using acrylates as the ethylenic group are preferred.

Abstract: An unsaturated ionic dimer of chromic acid with monoethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a single amine group is disclosed which can be incorporated into liquid coating compositions containing ultraviolet-curable polyethylenically unsaturated material. On curing, the ionic dimer increases the corrosion resistance of the photocured coatings, and is especially useful as a basecoat over thermoplastic molded objects which are coated with a metallic film.

Abstract: Aqueous thermosetting coating compositions are disclosed characterized by reduced curing requirements and which produce coatings having superior cured properties. These coatings comprise water containing water miscible organic solvent and the compositions have dispersed therein, based on total resin solids, from 25% to 85% of carboxy-functional organic solvent-soluble copolymer salt with a volatile amine in which the copolymer contains hydroxy groups providing an hydroxyl value in the range of 30 to 300, from 5% to 40% of a water soluble or water dispersible aminoplast or phenoplast curing agent, and from 2% to 35%, of a water dispersible epoxy phosphate ester polymer which is an oxirane-function-free, salt reaction product of (1) a monoester reaction product containing residual epoxy functionality, of (a) a resinous polyepoxide having at least about 1.4 oxirane groups per molecule, and (b) less than 0.

Abstract: An essentially linear polyester oligomer having hydroxyl and carboxyl terminal groups for subsequent cure and its production are disclosed. This polyester oligomer is produced by first adducting approximately equimolar amounts of diol carrying two primary hydroxyl groups and a dicarboxylic acid anhydride to form an hydroxy acid. The carboxyl groups of this hydroxy acid are then esterified by reaction with an approximately stoichiometric proportion of diol carrying one primary hydroxyl group and one secondary hydroxyl group, the stoichiometry being based on the total hydroxyl content of the diol and the carboxyl content of the hydroxy acid, to form an hydroxyl-terminated oligomer. This hydroxyl-terminated oligomer is then adducted with a polycarboxylic acid monoanhydride having a carboxyl functionality of at least 3, this monoanhydride being used in an amount of 0.01 to 0.15 equivalents of anhydride per hydroxyl equivalent in the hydroxyl-terminated oligomer.

Abstract: Aqueous thermosetting coating compositions adapted for roll coat application are disclosed in which water has dispersed therein an adduct of a diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol having a 1,2-epoxy equivalency of at least 1.2 and an average molecular weight of from about 2000 to about 5000 with a stoichiometric proportion, based on epoxy and secondary amine, of diprimary amine having a single secondary amine group and each primary amine group blocked by a ketimine group. At least about 50% of the amine groups of this adduct are protonated with a volatile acid, and the ketimine groups hydrolyze in the water to provide primary amine functionality and ketone solvent in the aqueous medium. From 20% to 50%, based on total resin solids, of water insoluble, heat-hardening phenol-formaldehyde resin curing agent is employed for cure. The curing agents are added to the adduct in solution in water-miscible organic solvent, and cresol-formaldehyde curing agents are preferred.

Abstract: Coating compositions which cure on baking to provide hard and flexible coatings characterized by superior abrasion resistance and mar resistance comprise:(1) a polyol component which is an adduct of at least a stoichiometric proportion of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with a bisphenol;(2) a solution copolymer containing from 40% to 70% of isobutyl acrylate, 3% to 20% of hydroxy alkyl ester of a monoethylenic carboxylic acid, up to about 20% of monoethylenic carboxylic acid, and any balance consisting essentially of monomer containing a single ethylenic group and no other reactive group; and(3) aminoplast resin. The polyol constitutes from 20% to 40% of the three named components, the copolymer is present in an amount of from 85% to 150% of the polyol, and the balance of the three named components is the aminoplast resin. Carnauba wax is present in an amount of from 1 to 10 pounds of wax solids per 100 gallons of coating composition.

Abstract: An air drying coating adapted to deposit coatings possessing long term water repellency is disclosed in which a high viscosity unsaturated hydroxy functional alkyd resin is combined with from 13-63 parts by weight of dispersed particles of granulated wax per 100 parts of the alkyd resin, the solvent being mineral spirits which cannot itself dissolve the large amount of wax needed, and the wax being a paraffin wax having an average melting point in the range of 50.degree. C.-70.degree. C., preferably 55.degree. C.-65.degree. C.

Abstract: Electrically conductive paper is coated with an insulating coating comprising an organic solvent-soluble solution copolymer of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising from about 1% to about 8% of copolymerized acrylamide or a monoethylenic derivative thereof in combination with from 4% to 10% of copolymerized monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid including from 1/4th to 3/4ths of methacrylic acid based on total carboxylic acid monomer.

Abstract: Aqueous thermosetting varnish compositions that are particularly water resistant after curing are disclosed. These compositions contain by weight (A) about 20-40 percent of a solution copolymer polymerized from monomers consisting essentially of (a) about 50-75 percent vinyl ester of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 carboxylic acid, (b) about 10-45 percent of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl acrylate or methacrylate ester and (c) about 5-15 percent of a mixture of (i) at least about 0.5 percent monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 carboxylic acid and (ii) at least about 2 percent C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate. The copolymer is polymerized at a temperature of at least 110.degree. C. and at a non-volatile solids content of 60-80 percent.

Abstract: Thermosetting solvent solution coating compositions are disclosed which form hard and impact resistant baked coatings of good gloss retention on exterior exposure. These compositions comprise a butanol-containing solvent having dissolved therein a solution copolymer obtained by copolymerizing from 55% to 75% of vinyl acetate with from 15% to 40% of C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, from 3% to 10% of C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, and from about 0.5% to about 5% of copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid in organic solvent medium consisting essentially of a butanol at a solids content of at least 65%. This copolymer is used in admixture with a polyalkoxy-methyl melamine in an amount of from 8% to 20%, based on the mixture.

Abstract: A pigmented, thermosetting organic solvent solution coating composition having improved capacity to resist acid rain is disclosed in which a resinous polyepoxide, a phenoplast resin cross-linking agent for said polyepoxide (preferably a xylolol-formaldehyde condensate), a phosphoric acid ester catalyst, a chromium-containing pigment providing resistance to corrosion, and a clay having the capacity to fix phosphate, are combined. For package stability, the catalyst is the reaction product of ortho phosphoric acid with an aliphatic diol, there being sufficient hydroxy in said diol to provide at least 1 equivalent of hydroxy for each acid equivalent in said phosphoric acid. These coatings are applied as a prime coating which is baked to remove solvents and provide a dry film without removing the phosphoric acid contained therein. The dry primer is then overcoated with a topcoat, and the doubly coated substrate is baked to cure the first coating.

Abstract: A monosecondary amine containing blocked primary amine groups is provided by reacting a monosecondary amine containing at least one primary amine group (such as diethylene triamine) with a ketone which is hindered to prevent reaction with secondary amino hydrogen atom (such as methyl isobutyl ketone) while removing water. This product disperses in water with the aid of a solubilizing acid to provide a solution which will emulsify a liquid polymer dispersed therein. The water hydrolyzes the blocked primary amine groups to restore reactivity. This product can also be reacted with 1,2-oxirane or isocyanate-functional polymers to provide products which are dispersible in water with a solubilizing acid. These dispersions will electrodeposit at the cathode.

Abstract: Water dispersible epoxy-phosphate ester polymer salts are disclosed which exhibit improved stability in coating compositions contining aminoplast or phenoplast resin. These salts are provided by reacting a resinous polyepoxide having at least about 1.4 oxirane groups per molecule with less than 0.9 mol of orthophosphoric acid for each oxirane equivalent in the polyepoxide to form a monoester reaction product containing residual epoxy functionality. The monoester reaction product so-provided is then reacted with at least 1 mol of a volatile amine per equivalent of oxirane functionality in said monoester to provide a water dispersible product lacking oxirane functionality. Ether alcohols, and especially 2-butoxy ethanol, are relied upon to provide dispersions having low viscosity.

Abstract: An ultraviolet light-curable liquid coating composition for molded plastic objects is disclosed. The composition is a liquid mixture of a polyurethane oligomer polyacrylate and an hydroxy-functional polyacrylate ester. The polyacrylate ester is present in an amount of 5% to 95% of total polyacrylate. The composition is preferably in solution in alcoholic solvent having a solids content of from 40% to 90%. A photoinitiator is included to render the composition curable upon exposure to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Pigmented thermosetting organic solvent solution coating compositions are disclosed which cure to provide improved weather resistance.