Abstract: A method is disclosed for obtaining and/or immunologically detecting an analyte contained in a gas phase by immunologically binding the analyte to a binding partner thereof contained in a gas- and liquid-permeable first carrier matrix. Said method is characterized in that a) the analyte-containing gas phase is brought into contact with the first carrier matrix (immune adsorber), b) the analyte is bound to the first binding partner which is contained in the first matrix and not bound to the matrix, and c) the complex of analyte and first binding partner and the free first binding partner are eluted from the first matrix, d) the eluted complex or the free first binding partner is determined as a measure for the amount of analyte present.

Abstract: The process according to the invention is used for influencing the quality of images furnished by an electronic imaging system. For this purpose, image segments are defined which surround individual image points; from the image point signals of the image points situated therein, characteristic brightness and contrast values are calculated and are assigned to the individual image points. Finally, these characteristic values are used to modify the background brightness and the contrast fraction of the image point signals. According to the invention, a subset of image points are selected as supporting points and the pertaining image segments are defined in such a manner that at least areas of the image which are of interest are completely covered. By means of a two-dimensional interpolation, corresponding characteristic values each assigned to the remaining image points can be obtained from the characteristic values determined for the supporting points.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the orientation and for compensating interfering torques via solar pressure torques for a satellite moving on an orbit around the earth. The satellite has two solar generators arranged symmetrically on opposite sides of a main body of the satellite. The two solar generators are rotatable independently of one another via servomotors about a first axis of rotation orthogonal to an orbiting plane of the satellite when the position of the satellite is correct. The method comprises the step of: optionally generating solar pressure torques about at least one of three space axes oriented orthogonally with respect to one another, as a result of an adjustment of the solar generators by a targeted rotation about second axes of rotation orthogonal to the first axis of rotation or about the first axis and the second axes of rotation, with respect to a nominal orientation in which the solar generator's normals to surfaces are precisely aligned in the direction of the sun.

Abstract: The invention relates to a digital method of detecting pulses of short duration and an arrangement for implementing the method. A threshold value is generated by means of a statistical procedure which is common in radar engineering, by means of which short pulses to be detected can be differentiated as opposed to long pulses. The method includes sorting a predeterminable number of temporally consecutive signal samples by amplitude and creating a ranking of the signal samples. An associated amplitude value for a predeterminable rank within the ranking is determined and multiplied by a predeterminable weighting factor (k) so that an amplitude threshold value (SW) is generated. All signal samples whose amplitude is greater than the amplitude threshold value (SW) are then marked with a marking signal.

Abstract: A process for the laminar joining of two or more silicon semiconductor slices (wafers) under the effect of pressure and heat, in which a thin layer of a semiconductor-compatible material is applied to at least one of the surfaces to be joined.

Abstract: A driver circuit for the generation of a switching voltage, particularly a negative switching voltage, which is suitable for GaAs technology. Field effect transistors whose electric properties can vary within a wide range and ohmic resistances that do not have to be adjusted later are used. The driver circuit is particularly suited for the selection of HF components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a microsystem and from it forming a microsystem laser, which preferably has a vertical structural element by contacting of wafer plates, which carry different functional elements of a system, so that this system on the one hand thus includes heterogeneous functions such as actuators, optics, sensors, cooling systems, micromechanics and electronics, and on the other hand, the wafer carrying these functions permits a relatively homogeneous processing of quite similar functions integrated each on one wafer, so that the complexity of the system is created for the first time for the vertical arrangement of these functions.

Abstract: Device for modeling or simulating the sense of touch for medical, especially surgical purposes such as operations using medical instruments, characterized in that at least one sensor array which is sensitive to force, pressure, or travel and an actuator array are combined in the instrument to form a "feeling" or "tactile" unit (A, B) in such manner that one controls the other.

Abstract: A method for avoiding damage to the eyes when using high-power lasers in the eye-transmissible spectral region is provided. By adding a laser or a radiation in the visible spectral region, the intensity of the radiation is increased as a function of time in the shape of a ramp from zero to higher values which lead to a conscious or reflex-type closing of the eyelids This therefore prevents the eyes from being damaged by the subsequent high-power laser beam.

Abstract: A method for the independent control of a guidable flying body that is provided with a warhead and to an arrangement for implementing the method.The method resides in that the flying body flies on a curved flight path during its flight approach phase and, on the curved flight path, the ratio S/C between the signals S reflected by the ground target and the clutter C of the ground, on the average, is kept constant or at least approximately constant. The path vector of the flying body during the subsequent target approach phase is oriented in the direction of the ground.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process and apparatus for controlling the attitude of a three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Separate dead zone elements are used to define threshold values for limiting nutation amplitude and deviation of the spin direction of the spacecraft from a desired orientation, and a continuous check is performed to determine whether the nutation amplitude and deviation of the spacecraft exceed the threshold values. A control intervention is initiated to reduce the nutation, even when the spin direction is within the range limited by the applicable threshold value.

Abstract: A two-axis rate gyro has two articulation elements arranged sequentially. The first articulation element is connected with a drive shaft of the rate gyro and the second articulation element is connected with a gyro rotor. The two articulation elements are connected together by two narrow ribs located laterally with respect to a central bore and perpendicularly or radially with respect to the central axis of the articulation elements. Spring elements are provided in one of the articulation elements which act on pretensioned force-measuring elements and are tensioned with respect to one another. The spring elements deform elastically and symmetrically around the ribs under the influence of a sinusoidally alternating torque, so that the force-measuring elements are loaded and unloaded alternately and generate measurement signals proportional to the forces acting on them.

Abstract: A measurement arrangement is useful for controlling the attitude of a three-axis stabilized satellite equipped with sun-sensors for determining the orientation of the sun (sun vector) with respect to a satellite-fixed coordinate system, as well as with speed gyroscopes for detecting components of the satellite speed of rotation vector .omega.. It is necessary that the measurement range of the sun-sensors cover the round angle in a preselectable plane (for example XY plane) and perpendicularly thereto a limited angular range of maximum .+-..alpha..sub.2max on both sides of the plane. In addition, only an integrating speed gyroscope carrying out measurements in a single measurement axis that encloses with the plane an angle of at least (.pi./2)-.alpha..sub.2max should be provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-hydraulic actuator, especially for an antilock brake system, which directly converts electrical input energy into hydraulic useful energy and has an especially simple and problem-free design as well as very rapid adjustability. A working chamber of the actuator according to the invention is filled with an electrostrictive fluid and provided with an electrically controlled electrode system to generate an electrical field that causes a change in pressure and/or volume in the electrostrictive fluid.

Abstract: A resonance absorber for the damping of structure-borne vibrations has a number of freely swinging slats with different resonance frequencies. The slats are arranged on a common base which can be connected with a body to be damped, and are constructed as double slats comprising a damping coating which is in each case squeezed between the two slats elements.

Abstract: Process for the temperature stratification-free storage of a cryogenic liquid in a thermally insulated tank under gravitation conditions or under gravitation and movement conditions, which generate a liquid volume with a clearly limited, unmoving or only moderately moving liquid level as well as with a gas space located above it in the storage volume of the tank. Liquid is pumped off from the area near the bottom of the tank continuously or at time intervals, it is fed into the area of the gas space, and it is directed vertically or at an acute angle toward the liquid level there in the form of at least one high-energy jet.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a radar range finder for high-precision, contactless range measurement, which is based on the FMCW principle and operates with digital signal processing at a limited frequency shift. One exemplary embodiment is described.

Abstract: A three-axis stabilized, earth-oriented satellite has an attitude control system with regulators, actuators, an earth sensor that carries out measurements along two axes and a sun-sensor arrangement that also carries out measurements along two axes. The field of view of the sun-sensor arrangement covers the round angle on a plane of the satellite-fixed coordinate system. Only the sun-sensor arrangement and the earth sensor act as measurement transducers. A sun and earth acquisition process for such a satellite has the following steps: seeking the sun; setting the sun vector in a first direction of reference; setting the speed of rotation of the satellite around the sun vector at a constant value; setting the sun vector in a second direction of reference, so that by rotating the satellite around the latter the optical axis of the earth sensor sweeps over the earth; and picking up the earth. Special regulating rules are disclosed.

Abstract: For an interstitial thermotherapeutic treatment of biological tissue in which, for generating a coagulation necrosis, the radiation of the laser within a radiation period is guided into the tissue by way of a fiber optic waveguide, the laser power is reduced continuously or in steps during the radiation period.

Abstract: The vibration absorber for the absorption of structure-borne sound has a wave conducting element made of mass-spring elements layered on top of each other and extending in the wave propagation direction. The mass-spring elements are configured as bending beams or plates, with a resilience which decreases in the wave propagation direction. The mass-spring elements are connected with each other by spacers which are arranged offset in respect to each other, in such a way that when they are affected by pressure or pulling at least one mass-spring element is bent.